Lindores Abbey
Lindores Abbey was a Tironensian abbey on the outskirts of Newburgh in Fife, Scotland. Now a reduced ruin, it lies on the southern banks of the River Tay, about 1-mile (1.6 km) north of the village of Lindores and is a scheduled ancient monument.[1]
The abbey was founded as a daughter house of Kelso Abbey in 1191 (some sources say 1178), by David, Earl of Huntingdon, on land granted to him by his brother William the Lion. The first abbot was Guido, Prior of Kelso, under whom the buildings were mostly completed. The church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. Andrew, was 195 feet (59 m) long, with transepts 110 feet (34 m) long. Edward I of England, John Balliol, David II, and James III were among the monarchs who visited Lindores at different times. The Abbey ceased operation in 1559.
The Lindores Abbey distillery re-opened in 2017 and began distilling scotch whisky by December of that year.[2] It is operated by the McKenzie Smith family.
History
[edit]
David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who died during imprisonment at Falkland Palace in 1402, was buried at the Abbey.[3]
The abbey was sacked by a mob from Dundee in 1543, and again by John Knox and his supporters in 1559. According to one report, they "overthrew the altars, broke up statues, burned the books and vestments and made them cast aside their monkish habits".[4]
After the Reformation, the Abbey passed into the hands of a Commendator, one whose loyal service to the King was rewarded by the gift of the ecclesiastical income and property. The monks remained for a time, but the Abbey began to be dismantled around 1584. In the following years the Abbey buildings were quarried as a source of building stone for Newburgh, and slate, timber and carvings from the Abbey as well as a number of architectural fragments are visible built into later structures in the town. When Patrick Leslie was Commendator, in August 1595, Anne of Denmark met the Earl of Orkney at Lindores .[5]
The main upstanding remains of the Abbey are: one of the gateways leading into the monastic enclosure; the groin-vaulted slype, leading from the cloister garth to the exterior of the Abbey; and parts of the chancel walls and western tower of the church, although the ground plan of the whole structure can still be traced. Sections of the imposing precinct wall which once enclosed the abbey can also be seen in fields to the south.
Carved wooden panels from the Abbey of the early 16th century survive in the Laing Museum, Newburgh and, reset in a 19th-century cabinet, in St. Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, Dundee.
The earliest record of scotch whisky in the exchequer roll for 1494 is a payment from King James IV to Friar John Cor of Lindores Abbey for about "eight bols of malt" or 580 kg of aquavitae as it was then known.[6] Brother John Cor (Johanni Cor/John Kawe) was a Tironensian monk based at Lindores Abbey.[7]
The monks distilled rose water at the Abbey, and in May 1540 rosewater and apples from Lindores were sent to James V.[8]
In 2018 a distillation vat was discovered in the ruins, along with evidence of whisky production. The remains of the still are preserved for display in the ruins.[9]
Lindores Abbey distillery
[edit]A whisky distillery, Lindores Abbey distillery is directly opposite the Abbey.
Burials
[edit]- James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas
- David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
- Robert and Henry, infant sons of David I, Earl of Huntingdon
See also
[edit]- Abbot of Lindores, for a list of abbots and commendators
- National Archives of Scotland for the exchequer roll
References
[edit]- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Lindores Abbey (SM836)". Retrieved 24 February 2019.
- ^ ON THIS DAY 1494…FIRST MENTION OF SCOTCH DISTILLING
- ^ George Burnett, Exchequer Rolls of Scotland: 1379-1406, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1880), pp. xcii, 549.
- ^ Preservation Society
- ^ Letters of John Colville (Edinburgh, 1858), p. 175.
- ^ George Burnett, Exchequer Rolls of Scotland: 1488–1496, vol 10 (Edinburgh, 1887), p. 487 "Et per liberacionem factam Fratri Johanni Cor per preceptum compotorum rotulatoris, ut asserit, de mandato domini regis ad faciendum aquavite, infra hoc compotum viij bolle brasii."
- ^ Michael Jackson, Scotland and Its Whiskies (John Baird: London), p. 127.
- ^ Athol Murray, 'Pursemaster's Accounts', Miscellany of the Scottish History Society X (Edinburgh, 1965), p. 50.
- ^ "World's Oldest Whisky Still Discovered in Scotland - Geek.com". Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
External links
[edit]- Map sources for Lindores Abbey
- Lindores Abbey Distillery website
- Tour Lindores Abbey.
- Divine Inspiration. The Scotsman. 24 January 2004
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Lindores Abbey - Home of Scotch Whisky. 1 October 2011
- Entry for Lindores Abbey in Canmore database.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Benedictine Abbey of Lindores". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
