Jump to content

Lidl

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Liddle, Liddell, Lidell Townsell, or Liddel Strength.

Lidl
Company typePrivate
IndustryRetail
Founded1932; 92 years ago (1932)
FounderJosef Schwarz
Headquarters
Neckarsulm
,
Germany
Number of locations
12,200 (2023)[1]
Area served
United States
Key people
Kenneth McGrath (CEO), Dieter Schwarz (Chairman)
ProductsDiscount supermarkets
Revenue€125.5 billion (2023) [2]
Number of employees
376,000 (2023) [1]
ParentSchwarz Group
Websiteinfo.lidl

Lidl (German pronunciation: [ˈliːdl̩] LEE-dəl) is a German international discount retailer chain[3] that operates over 12,000 stores, present in every member state of the European Union, Serbia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.[4] Headquartered in Neckarsulm, Baden-Württemberg, the company belongs to the Schwarz Group, which also includes hypermarket chain Kaufland.

Lidl is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Aldi in several markets.[5]

History

[edit]
Lidl store in Amsterdam, Netherlands

In 1930, Josef Schwarz became a partner in a company based in Heilbronn named Südfrüchte Großhandlung Lidl & Co. which had been established since at least 1858 under the name A.Lidl & Cie specialising in the sale of exotic fruits. Schwarz renamed the company Lidl & Schwarz KG and expanded into a food wholesaler.[6][7]

In 1977, under his son Dieter Schwarz, the Schwarz Group began to focus on discount markets, larger supermarkets, and cash and carry wholesale markets. Dieter did not want to use the name Schwarz-Markt (literally "black market") and wanted to use the name of his father's former business partner, A. Lidl, but legal reasons prevented him from using that name for his discount stores. When he discovered a newspaper article about a painter and retired schoolteacher Ludwig Lidl, he bought the rights to the name from him for 1,000 German marks.[8][9]

Lidl is part of the Schwarz Group, the fifth-largest retailer in the world with sales of €104.3 billion (2018).[10]

The first Lidl discount store was opened in 1973, copying the Aldi concept.[11] Schwarz rigorously removed merchandise that did not sell from the shelves, and cut costs by keeping the size of the retail outlets as small as possible. By 1977, the Lidl chain comprised 33 discount stores.

Lidl opened its first UK store in 1994.[12] Its grocery market share in the UK was 5.9% in 2019.[13]

Sven Seidel was appointed CEO of the company in March 2014, after the previous CEO Karl-Heinz Holland stepped down.[14] Holland had served as chief executive since 2008 but left due to undisclosed "unbridgeable" differences over future strategy. Seidel stepped down from his position in February 2017 after Manager Magazin reported he had fallen out of favour with Klaus Gehrig, who has headed the Schwarz Group since 2004. Seidel was succeeded as CEO by Dane Jesper Højer, previously head of Lidl's international buying operation.[15]

In June 2015, the company announced it would establish a United States headquarters in Arlington, Virginia.[16] Lidl has major distribution centers in Mebane, North Carolina, and Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The company initially focused on opening locations in East Coast states, between Pennsylvania and Georgia,[17] and as far west as Ohio.[18][19] In June 2017, Lidl opened its first stores in the United States in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and other mid-Atlantic cities.[20] The company planned to open a total of one hundred U.S. stores by the summer of 2018.[5][20] In November 2018, Lidl announced plans to acquire 27 Best Market stores in New York and New Jersey.[21] In December 2018, Lidl opened its first location in New York City, in the Staten Island Mall. The company continued to expand throughout the eastern U.S., with over 100 stores by the end of 2020. In August 2020, Lidl announced that it planned to open up another 50 stores in the U.S. by the end of 2021.[22] As of 2024 there were 173 stores in the US.[23]

In April 2022, Lidl postponed its expansion in Ukraine due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[24]

In 2021, Lidl planned to phase out the selling of cigarettes in all its Dutch stores by 2024 as part of the 'smoke-free generation'.[25]

Corporate affairs

[edit]
[edit]

The key trends for Lidl are (as of the financial year ending February 28[26]):

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Revenue worldwide (€billions) 74.6 81.2 89.0 96.3 100.8 114.8
Revenue in Germany (€billions)[27] 20.4 21.2 21.6 28.3 29.7 30.1
Share of revenue abroad (%) 73 74 76 71 71 74
Number of employees in Germany (thousands)[28][unreliable source?][29] 145 160 178 193 211 223
Number of stores in Germany[30] 3,180 3,193 3,208 3,226 3,242 3,248
References [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36]

In the financial year 2022 Lidl made a profit of €1.64 billion, €500 million less than in the previous year.[26]

Business model

[edit]
Map of countries in which Lidl is active as of May 2024
Interior of a Lidl store at Entrecampos railway station, Lisbon
A Lidl store in Greenville,
South Carolina, United States

Like fellow German supermarket Aldi, Lidl has a zero waste,[37] no-frills, "pass-the-savings-to-the-consumer" approach of displaying most products in their original delivery cartons, allowing the customers to take the product directly from the carton. When the carton is empty, it is simply replaced with a full one. Staffing is low.[38]

Compared to Aldi, there are generally more branded products offered. Lidl distributes many low-priced gourmet foods by producing each of them in a single European Union country for its whole worldwide chain, but it also sources many local products from the country where the store is located. Like Aldi, Lidl has special weekly offers, and its stock of non-food items often changes. In contrast to Aldi, Lidl advertises extensively in its homeland of Germany.

Like Aldi, Lidl does not play mood music in most countries, including Germany. Exceptions include stores in the United States, Ireland, Croatia, Spain (not all), Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Hungary. Additionally, in two stores in Denmark music is played as a test. Lidl stores have PA systems for important announcements but (with the exception of Hungary) do not broadcast commercials.

The Lidl operation in the United Kingdom took a different approach from Germany, with a focus on marketing and public relations, and providing employee benefits not required by law, including paying the independently verified living wage and offering a staff discount.[39] Upmarket products were introduced, especially in the lead-up to Christmas. This required significant investment in marketing to produce sales growth but had an effect on Lidl's logistical operation and pressure on profits. Ronny Gottschlich, who had run Lidl GB for the six years to 2016, was responsible for this approach, which led to friction with head office, due to the cost involved. In September 2016, Gottschlich unexpectedly left and was replaced by the Austrian sales and operations director, German-national Christian Härtnagel.[40] Lidl continued to have ambitious investment plans in the United Kingdom, doubling the number of stores to 1,500. In the financial year 2015, Lidl Great Britain's revenue from its over 630 stores throughout Britain was £4.7 billion.

Stores

[edit]
Lidl in Somain, France
Lidl in Santorini, Greece
Lidl in Tauberbischofsheim, Germany
Lidl in Fuengirola, Spain
Lidl in Bodmin, United Kingdom
Lidl in Amadora, Portugal
Lidl in Uherský Brod, Czech Republic
Lidl in Oulu, Finland
Lidl Charging Station in Poland

As of 2024, Lidl has a presence with stores in 31 countries.

Country Year opened No. of stores Ref.
Austria 1998 255 [41]
Belgium 1995 310 [42]
Bulgaria 2010 133 [43]
Croatia 2006 109 [44]
Cyprus 2010 21 [45]
Czech Republic 2003 316 [46]
Denmark 2005 144 [47]
Estonia 2022 13 [48]
Finland 2002 205 [49]
France 1989 1,600 [50]
Germany 1973 3,250 [29]
Greece 1999 230 [51]
Hungary 2004 215 [52]
Ireland 2000 180 [53]
Italy 1992 730 [54]
Latvia 2021 30 [55]
Lithuania 2016 77 [56]
Luxembourg 2001 13 [57]
Malta 2008 10 [58]
Netherlands 1997 440 [59]
Poland 2002 900 [60]
Portugal 1995 273 [61]
Romania 2011 350 [62]
Serbia 2018 78 [63][64]
Slovakia 2004 164 [65]
Slovenia 2007 66 [66]
Spain 1994 670 [67]
Sweden 2003 205 [68]
Switzerland 2009 170 [69]
United Kingdom 1994 960 [70]
United States 2017 173 [23]
Total 12,281 [71]

Former markets

[edit]
Country Year opened Year closed Notes Ref.
Norway 2004 2008 Closed due to poor sales and political issues. [72]

Future markets

[edit]
Country Opening year Notes Ref.
Bosnia and Herzegovina TBD Under construction, expansion confirmed because of an already built store and a launched careers page. [73][74][75]
Kosovo TBD Expansion confirmed due to a launched careers page. [76]
Montenegro TBD Expansion confirmed by the purchase of three locations in Montenegro [77]
North Macedonia TBD Under construction, expansion confirmed because of a launched careers page. [78]

Other services

[edit]
Lidl sometimes offers products made in-store, for example the products offered in this self-service bakery in a French store.

In October 2009, Lidl Movies was launched in the United Kingdom,[79] undercutting Tesco DVD Rental, which had previously been the United Kingdom's cheapest online rental service for DVDs. The service was powered by OutNow DVD Rental. OutNow went into liquidation in October 2011, taking Lidl Movies with it.[80]

In January 2012, Lidl launched bakeries in their stores across Europe. They consist of a small baking area with a number of ovens, together with an area where bread and pastries, such as croissants, are displayed for sale. The bakeries were initially trialed in a limited number of stores, to determine whether there was a demand for freshly baked products in-store.[81]

The mobile phone brand Lidl Connect was launched in Germany in October 2015 and in Austria and Switzerland in June and July 2019.

In August 2018, Lidl introduced its "Lidl Plus" supermarket loyalty card via an app on the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. The app is available in most European countries where Lidl operates, offering discounts on own brand products and on partner offers. In several countries, the app also has a bonus program with cashback.

As of May 2019, Lidl US has partnered with Boxed.com to test a home delivery service using the online retailer's technology. Lidl also partners with Target Corporation's subsidiary Shipt for grocery home delivery.[82]

Lidl also runs Representative Offices in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Bangladesh, though there is no mention of Lidl stores opening there. Their operations are likely limited to overseeing manufacturing contracts for most of non-food products, offered in Lidl stores, with local manufacturers based in these countries.

In April 2021, Lidl in Ireland started offering customers coupons for free pads or tampons each month as an initiative against period poverty.[83]

In March 2023, Lidl was announced as the sponsor of the 2023 World Cycling Championship held in Scotland.[84]

Criticism

[edit]

In 2008, Lidl was accused by journalists of spying on their workers, listening to private phone calls, and sometimes even following them home or to doctor's appointments.[85] In one instance, an employee's file was supposedly annotated to note that most of her friends were "drug users".[85] Lidl responded to these claims, stating that the surveillance was intended to prevent shoplifting, and to detect "abnormal behavior".[85]

Lidl has also been accused by trade unions in Germany of shutting down stores when workers elect worker councils or opt to engage in collective bargaining with a trade union.[86]

In October 2022, animal welfare NGOs across Europe accused Lidl of a 'chicken scandal'. Investigation footage filmed on a Lidl supplier's farm in Germany showed sick and injured chickens unable to walk and lying in their own waste.[87] In November 2022, another investigation was published showing similar conditions at Lidl supplier farms in Spain.[88] Further investigations in Italy and Austria have also revealed severe chicken welfare issues. In the Austrian investigation footage, birds are seen attempting to eat the rotting carcasses of other dead chickens.[89] The chickens in the footage are fast-growing breeds, which reach their kill weight in just 35 days and have higher levels of mortality, lameness and muscle disease than slower-growing breeds.[90] NGOs have called on the supermarket to sign up to the Better Chicken Commitment (BCC), a set of welfare standards which prohibits the use of fast-growing breeds and requires the provision of more space and enrichment for chickens. While Lidl France already committed to the BCC in 2020, Lidl have so far not made a commitment for the rest of their European operations.[87]

In 2023, amid a widespread boycott movement against Israeli businesses and products, Lidl stores faced criticism after several customers in France and Belgium complained that the store mislabeled products of Israeli origin as originating from other countries, such as Morocco.[91] The Lidl group attributed the issue to a display error. According to the General Directorate of Competition, Consumption & Repression of Frauds (DGCCRF), which oversees the legality and safety of products and services in France, "food presented for sale must offer clear and precise labelling in order to better inform the consumer".[92]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Geschichte – Gründung, Erfolge, Expansio" (in German). lidl.de. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Successful fiscal year for the companies of Schwarz Group". gruppe.scharz. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  3. ^ "Impressum Archived 27 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine." Lidl. Retrieved 28 September 2012. "Addresse: Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG Stiftsbergstraße 1 74167 Neckarsulm "
  4. ^ "German discounter Lidl slows U.S. expansion: paper". Reuters. 17 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  5. ^ a b "The Germans Are Escalating America's Grocery Price War". Bloomberg.com. 3 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  6. ^ Grandjean, Emmanuel (24 November 2013). "Lidl, le casseur de prix qui paie bien" [Lidl, the discounter who pays well] (in French). Bilan. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
  7. ^ Rentzsch, Felix (1 March 2017). "Zu zweideutig: So sollte Lidl ursprünglich heißen" [Too ambiguous: This is what Lidl was originally supposed to be called] (in German). Business Insider.
  8. ^ "Aldis Erzfeind" (in German). 2 March 2004. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  9. ^ Schuster, Jochen (15 June 2017). "Der Geheimnia-Krämer". Focus Magazin (in German).
  10. ^ "Record turnover for Lidl owner: over 100 billion euros". RetailDetail. 13 May 2019.
  11. ^ "Secrets of the German supermarkets conquering America (24 slides)". LoveMoney. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  12. ^ "Lidl opens its 700th store in the UK". BBC News. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  13. ^ "Lidl attains its biggest UK grocery market share at 5.9%". The Guardian. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  14. ^ Ricadela, Aaron (21 March 2014). "German Grocer Lidl Names Replacement CEO After Holland Departure". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  15. ^ Thomasson, Emma (7 February 2017). "Lidl replaces CEO after less than three years". Retail Analysis. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  16. ^ Vozzella, Laura (12 June 2015). "McAuliffe bags German grocer Lidl, bringing hundreds of jobs to Virginia". The Washington Post.
  17. ^ Thomasson, Emma. "German discounter Lidl starts hiring for U.S. stores launch". Reuters. Yahoo! News. 13 December 2016.
  18. ^ WYTV Staff (18 April 2017). "German-based grocery store wants to build at site of Austintown bar". Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  19. ^ "Lidl's US stores break European mold, says Bernstein: 'This is not a copy and paste approach'". foodnavigator-usa.com. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  20. ^ a b "Lidl opens first U.S. stores as new era in food retail begins". Supermarket News. 15 June 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  21. ^ "German grocer Lidl to acquire 27 grocery stores". daytondailynews. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  22. ^ "Lidl powers up U.S. expansion with another 50 stores". Supermarket News. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  23. ^ a b "Number of Lidl stores in the United States from 2019 to 2024". Statista. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  24. ^ "Lidl decides not to open supermarkets in Ukraine for now". ubn.news. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  25. ^ robin (1 October 2021). "Lidl to stop selling cigarettes, over two years ahead of national ban". DutchNews.nl. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  26. ^ a b "Gewinneinbruch bei Lidl". foodaktuell (in German). 3 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  27. ^ "Umsatz der Schwarz-Gruppe in Deutschland nach Vertriebslinien bis 2022". Statista (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  28. ^ "Mitarbeiter von Lidl in Deutschland bis 2021/2022". Statista (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  29. ^ a b "Über Lidl" [About Lidl Germany]. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  30. ^ "Filialen von Lidl in Deutschland bis 2022". Statista (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  31. ^ "Vereinte Nationen zeichnen "Lidl-Lebensräume" aus - Lidl Deutschland". unternehmen.lidl.de (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  32. ^ "Lidl ist beliebtester Lebensmittel-Discounter - Lidl Deutschland". unternehmen.lidl.de (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  33. ^ "Mutterkonzern von Lidl und Kaufland verzeichnet kräftiges Umsatzplus". www.handelsblatt.com (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  34. ^ "Schwarz Gruppe | Aktuelle Zahlen 2020". gruppe.schwarz (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  35. ^ "Schwarz Gruppe | Aktuelle Zahlen 2021". gruppe.schwarz (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  36. ^ "Schwarz Gruppe | Die Unternehmen der Schwarz Gruppe wachsen auf stabilem Niveau". gruppe.schwarz (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  37. ^ "Environment - Lidl".
  38. ^ "How Lidl keeps its prices low". Business Insider. 2 July 2017.
  39. ^ Butler, Sarah (24 November 2016). "Lidl to give lowest-paid staff pay rise to £8.45 an hour". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  40. ^ Butler, Sarah (10 September 2016). "Lidl UK boss unexpectedly leaves German supermarket". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  41. ^ "Lidl Österreich Filialen". lidl.at (in German). Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  42. ^ "Lidl simplifie également le concept de ses magasins en Belgique" (in French). retaildetail.be. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  43. ^ Lidl отвори 133 магазин в Русе. economy.bg (in Bulgarian). 11 November 2024.
  44. ^ "Naša povijest - Lidl Hrvatska". lidl.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  45. ^ "Lidl Cyprus opened its 20th store in Nicosia". lidl.cy. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  46. ^ "Historie Lidlu Zdroj". lidl.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  47. ^ "Lidl har åbnet sin første butik i Hurup Thy" (in Danish). Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  48. ^ "Lidl avas Narvas oma 13. kaupluse Eestis" (in Estonian). Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  49. ^ "Lidl Corporate Info" (in Finnish). Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  50. ^ "Methodologie publicite comparative Lidl" (PDF). lidl.fr (in French). 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  51. ^ "Η Ιστορία μας - Lidl Ελλάς". lidl-hellas.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  52. ^ "Cégtörténet - Lidl Magyarország". lidl.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  53. ^ "Lidl History". lidl.ie. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  54. ^ "Chi siamo". lidl.it (in Italian). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  55. ^ "Ķengaragā ar fanfarām atklāts jaunākais "Lidl" veikals". Lidl Latvija.
  56. ^ ""Lidl" atidarė parduotuvę šalia Vilniaus esančiuose Riešėje".
  57. ^ "Lidl ouvrira deux nouveaux magasins en décembre, à Dudelange et Windhof". lidl-luxembourg.prezly.com (in French). Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  58. ^ "Lidl in Malta". jobs.lidl.com.mt. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  59. ^ "Lidl Nederland - Corporate". lidl.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  60. ^ "Nowe sklepy Lidl. Gdzie powstaną? Mamy listę miejscowości". eska.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  61. ^ "Lidl abre 6 supermercados num só dia em Portugal". nit.pl (in Portuguese). Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  62. ^ "Lidl Discount România este lider al comerțului din România. Anul trecut a raportat un profit uriaș de 214 mil. de euro!". dailybusiness.ro (in Romanian). 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  63. ^ "Лидл србија обележава пет година пословањ". lidl.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  64. ^ "Lidl otvara dve nove prodavnice".
  65. ^ "Lidl na Slovensku". lidl.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  66. ^ "Na dolgem mostu nova Lidlova trgovina, prva v tem delu Ljubljane". lidl.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  67. ^ "Lidl busca 60 nuevos trabajadores: sueldos de 1.200 euros y contrato fijo". elespanol.com (in Spanish). 4 October 2023.
  68. ^ "Om Lidl Sverige". lidl.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  69. ^ "Excom media ag and schwarz media enter into a partnership to market more than 680 pos screens from lidl switzerland" (in German). excommedia.ch. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  70. ^ "About Lidl GB". lidl.co.uk. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  71. ^ "Limassol store launch brings Lidl's global network to 12,000 | Cyprus Mail". cyprus-mail.com/. 28 July 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  72. ^ "Lidl came to Norway in 2004, lost in 2008! Lidl is no more!". Distrita. 11 February 2013. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023.
  73. ^ klix. "Dolazak trgovačkog lanca sve izvjesniji: Lidl registriran u BiH" (in Bosnian). Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  74. ^ Petrushevska, Dragana (26 April 2024). "Lidl starts building supermarket in Bosnia's Mostar - report | Bosnia and Herzegovina Investments News | SeeNews". seenews.com. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  75. ^ Magazine, CorD (3 June 2024). "Lidl Expands in Bosnia and Herzegovina with Major Investment Plans". The Region. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  76. ^ Lidl. "Be our local hero and start your journey with Lidl!". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  77. ^ DAN portal (3 April 2023). "Lidl kupio tri lokacije u Crnoj Gori" (in Montenegrin). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  78. ^ Фактор. "Лидл се отвара во Македонија" (in Macedonian). Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  79. ^ "Latest News – Which? News". Which.co.uk. Archived from the original on 17 December 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  80. ^ Kukiewicz, Julia (28 February 2013). "OutNow: A Look Back". choose.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
  81. ^ Staff Writer (12 October 2012). "Lidl launches home baking range in time for National Baking Week". Talking Retail. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  82. ^ "Boxed Partners With Grocery Chain Lidl: Exclusive". Forbes. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  83. ^ Amy Woodyatt (20 April 2021). "Lidl Ireland becomes first major retailer to offer free period products". CNN. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  84. ^ Williams, George (7 March 2023). "Lidl, sponsor of the 2023 Cycling World Cup in Scotland". Sports Finding. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  85. ^ a b c Connolly, Kate (27 March 2008). "German supermarket chain Lidl accused of snooping on staff". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  86. ^ Kelly, Debra (3 November 2017). "The Untold Truth Of Lidl". Mashed.com. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  87. ^ a b Crossland, David; Ellson, Andrew. "Chickens 'left to die' at Lidl supplier in Germany". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  88. ^ Lidl Chicken Farm: Shocking Undercover Investigation, 15 November 2022, retrieved 17 November 2022
  89. ^ "Lidl's chicken scandal". Albert Schweitzer Foundation. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  90. ^ Siddique, Haroon (21 September 2022). "UK government faces court challenge over 'Frankenchickens'". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  91. ^ "Supermarket in France Mislabels Israeli Products as Moroccan to Dodge Boycott". Morocco World News. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  92. ^ Hiba El Bouchtaoui (10 November 2023). "International retail chain 'Lidl' accused of hiding origin of Israel-imported products with 'Morocco' label". HESPRESS English – Morocco News.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lidl&oldid=1257923480"