Lebanese–Syrian Security Apparatus
The Lebanese-Syrian Security Apparatus, also known as the Syrian Intelligence Apparatus in Lebanon (Arabic: النظنام الأمني اللبناني السوري), was a network of intelligence officers and security leaders in Syria and Lebanon that is believed to have been the actual ruling power behind the Lebanese government[1][2] during the Syrian Hegemony period, that ended in 2005[1].
The apparatus exerted significant influence over Lebanese affairs, playing a crucial role in determining appointments to public positions, and even in selecting Lebanese presidents.[2] Syrian intelligence officials like General Ghazi Kan‘an and Rustum Ghazali had a significant say in cabinet appointments.[2]
The Bekaa Valley town of Anjar, where the Syrian intelligence headquarters was located, became a center of power in Lebanon[2]. The military and security forces were under the control of Syria's allies, Gen. Emile Lahoud, the army commander, and Brig. Gen. Jamil al-Sayyid, the deputy director of military intelligence.[2]
The apparatus began to decline in the late 1990s as Lebanese political elites began to assert their independence from Syria. The apparatus was finally dismantled in 2005 following the Cedar Revolution, a popular uprising that forced Syria to withdraw its troops from Lebanon
History
[edit]This apparatus was established in the late 1970s when Syria intervened in Lebanon's civil war. It was composed of Syrian intelligence officers and Lebanese collaborators who were tasked with maintaining Syrian control over Lebanon.
Additional resources
[edit]- MERIP article on Syria and Lebanon: https://merip.org/2005/09/syria-and-lebanon-a-brotherhood-transformed/
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
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- ^ a b November 2011, Naharnet Newsdesk 09; 20:55. "Gadhafi Aide: Moussa al-Sadr was 'Liquidated' in Libya". Naharnet. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
{{cite web}}:|last2=has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e Ufheil-Somers, Amanda (2005-09-06). "Syria and Lebanon: A Brotherhood Transformed". MERIP. Retrieved 2024-10-22.