Labeninae

Labeninae
	Labena grallator, Virginia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Ichneumonidae
Subfamily:	Labeninae; Ashmead,1900
Tribes
	Groteini; Labenini; Poecilocryptini; Xenothyrini;

The Labeninae is a subfamily within the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae. The family is divided into 12 extant genera grouped within four tribes.^[1]

Distribution

Labeninae are predominantly found in Australia and South America. A few species of Labena and Grotea are found in North America. Research suggests that the family originated on Gondwana before the break-off of Australia.^[1]

Biology

Some species from the tribe Labenini have been reared from wood-boring beetles of the Coleopteran families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae.^[1]^[2] Members of the tribe Groteini parasitize solitary bees; Labium wasps are known to parasitise ground-nesting, solitary bees,^[3]^[4] while Grotea are known parasitoids of cavity-nesting, solitary bees.^[1]^[5] Species of Poecilocryptus are thought to be phytophagous, due to adaptations of the larval head capsule.^[6] However, as with much of the Ichneumonidae, knowledge of many labenine species' ecology, biology, and evolution is extremely limited or completely lacking.^{[citation needed]}

Genera

These genera belong to the subfamily Labeninae:^[1]^[7]^[8]

Tribe Groteini

Grotea Cresson, 1864^{c g b}
Labium Brullé, 1846^{c g}
Ozlabium Gauld & Wahl, 2000^{c g}

Tribe Labenini

Apechoneura Kriechbaumer, 1890^{c g}
Certonotus Kriechbaumer, 1889^{c g}
Gauldianus Lanfranco, 2000^{c g}
Labena Cresson, 1864^{c g b}
Torquinsha Gauld & Wahl, 2000^{c g}

Tribe Poecilocryptini

Alaothyris Gauld, 1984^{c g}
Poecilocryptus Cameron, 1901^{c g}
Urancyla Gauld, 1984^{c g}

Tribe Xenothyrini

Xenothyris Townes, 1969^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS,^[9] c = Catalogue of Life,^[10] g = GBIF,^[11] b = Bugguide.net^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gauld, Ian D.; Wahl, David B. (July 2000). "The Labeninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a study in phylogenetic reconstruction and evolutionary biology". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 129 (3): 271–347. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00015.x. ISSN 0024-4082.
^ Herrera-Flórez, Andrés (2012-08-01). "A new species of Apechoneura Kriechbaumer (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Labeninae) from Colombia". ZooKeys (213): 41–49. doi:10.3897/zookeys.213.3309. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 3426873. PMID 22933853.
^ Batley, Michael; Brandley, Barry (March 2014). "Phenology of the Australian solitary bee species 'Leioproctus plumosus' (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)". Australian Entomologist, the. 41 (1): 7.
^ Tarlton, Rayment. "A cluster of bees: sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees by Tarlton Rayment". Andrew Isles Natural History Books. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
^ Flores-Prado, Luis; Niemeyer, H M (2012-05-30). "Host Location by Ichneumonid Parasitoids is Associated with Nest Dimensions of the Host Bee Species". Neotropical Entomology. 41 (4): 283–287. doi:10.1007/s13744-012-0048-6. ISSN 1519-566X. PMID 23950063. S2CID 5100022.
^ Ward, D. (2014). "Poecilocryptus zealandicus sp. n.(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Labeninae) from New Zealand". New Zealand Entomologist. 34 (1): 37–39. doi:10.1080/00779962.2011.9722206.
^ "Synoptic Lists of World Genera and Family-group Names". American Entomological Institute, Genera Ichneumonorum Nearcticae. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
^ Carlson, Robert W. (1979). "Ichneumonidae". In Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd, Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B.D. (eds.). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 385–386.
^ "ITIS, Integrated Taxonomic Information System". Retrieved 2018-05-16.
^ "Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2018-05-16.
^ "GBIF". Retrieved 2018-05-16.
^ "Labeninae Subfamily Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-16.