Jump to content

London City Airport

Coordinates: 51°30′19″N 000°03′19″E / 51.50528°N 0.05528°E / 51.50528; 0.05528
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from LCY)
"LCY" redirects here. For the political party, see League of Communists of Yugoslavia.
For the airport in Ontario, Canada, see London International Airport.

London City Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerConsortium of AIMCo, OMERS, OTPP and the Kuwait Investment Authority
OperatorLondon City Airport Limited
ServesGreater London and Kent
LocationRoyal Docks, Newham, London, England, United Kingdom
Opened26 October 1987; 37 years ago (1987-10-26)
Operating base forBA CityFlyer
Elevation AMSL19 ft / 6 m
Coordinates51°30′19″N 000°03′19″E / 51.50528°N 0.05528°E / 51.50528; 0.05528
Websitewww.londoncityairport.com
Map
LCY/EGLC is located in Greater London
LCY/EGLC
LCY/EGLC
Location within Greater London
LCY/EGLC is located in England
LCY/EGLC
LCY/EGLC
LCY/EGLC (England)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
09/27 1,508 4,948 Asphalt
Statistics (2022)
Passengers3,009,313
Passenger change 21-22Increase 318%[1]
Aircraft Movements44,731
Movements change 21-22Increase 246%[1]
Sources: UK AIP at NATS[2] WAD[3]
Statistics from the UK Civil Aviation Authority[1]

London City Airport (IATA: LCY, ICAO: EGLC) is a city airport in London, the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It is located in the Royal Docks in the Borough of Newham, about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the City of London and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Canary Wharf. These are the two centres of London's financial industry, which is a major user of the airport. The airport was developed by the engineering company Mowlem between 1986 and 1987. In 2016 it was bought by a Canadian-led consortium of AIMCo, OMERS, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Wren House Infrastructure Management of the Kuwait Investment Authority.[4]

London City Airport has a single 1,508-metre-long (4,948 ft) runway, and a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P728) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers; this licence also allows training flights, but only for the purpose of training pilots to operate at this specific airport.[5] Only multi-engine, fixed-wing aircraft up to Embraer E195-E2, Airbus A220[6] and A318[7] size with special aircrew and aircraft certification to fly 5.5° approaches, the strict noise limitations and further restrictions are allowed to conduct operations at London City Airport.[8] As of 2020, the airport is about 60 hectares (150 acres) in size.[9]

London City had over 5.1 million passenger movements in 2019.[10] It is the fifth-busiest airport by passengers and aircraft movements serving the London area—after Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton—and was the 14th-busiest in the UK in 2017.[1]

History

[edit]

Proposal and construction

[edit]

The airport was first proposed in 1981 by Reg Ward, who was Chief Executive of the newly formed London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) that was responsible for the regeneration of the area. He in turn discussed the proposal with chairman of John Mowlem & Co Sir Philip Beck and the idea of an airport for Docklands was born. By November of that year Mowlem and Bill Bryce of Brymon Airways had submitted an outline proposal to the LDDC for a Docklands STOLport city centre gateway.[11]

Plaque commemorating the landing by Captain Harry Gee at Heron Quays DLR station in 1982

On 27 June 1982 Brymon's Captain Harry Gee landed a de Havilland Canada Dash 7 turboprop aircraft on Heron Quays, in the nearby West India Docks, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the STOLport project. Later that year the LDDC published a feasibility study, an opinion poll amongst local residents showed a majority in favour of the development of the airport, and Mowlem submitted an application for planning permission.[11]

A 63-day planning inquiry started on 6 June 1983. By the middle of the following year, Nicholas Ridley the Secretary of State for Transport had indicated that he was "disposed to agree the application", but asked for further details. The Greater London Council brought an action in the High Court of Justice to reopen the inquiry. After the High Court dismissed the action in March 1985,[11] outline planning permission was granted in May of that year, followed by the grant of detailed planning permission in early 1986.[11] The airport site had an initial footprint of 37 hectares (92 acres) in area.[12]

Construction began on the site shortly after permission was granted, with Charles, Prince of Wales laying the foundation stone of the terminal building, designed by R Seifert and Partners, on 2 May 1986. The first aircraft landed on 31 May 1987, with the first commercial services operating from 26 October 1987. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened London City Airport in November of the same year.[11]

Opening and runway extension

[edit]

In 1988, the first full year of operation, the airport handled 133,000 passengers. The earliest scheduled flights were operated to and from Plymouth, Paris, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. With a runway of only 1,080 m (3,543 ft) in length, and a slope of the glidepath of 7.5° (for noise abatement reasons), the airport could only be used by a very limited number of aircraft types, principally the Dash 7 and the smaller Dornier 228. In 1989, the airport submitted a planning application to extend the runway, allowing the use of a larger number of aircraft types.[11][13]

In 1990, the airport handled 230,000 passengers, but the figures fell drastically after the Gulf War and did not recover until 1993, when 245,000 passengers were carried. By this time the extended runway had been approved and opened (on 5 March 1992). At the same time the glide path was reduced to 5.5°, still steep for a European airport (the slope of an airport glide path is normally 3.0°), but sufficient to allow a larger range of aircraft, including the BAe 146 regional jet liner and Airbus A318, to serve the airport.[11]

By 1995, passenger numbers reached half a million, and Mowlem sold the airport to Irish businessman Dermot Desmond. Five years later passenger numbers had climbed to 1,580,000, and over 30,000 flights were operated. In 2002, a jet centre catering to corporate aviation was opened, as well as additional aircraft stands at the western end of the apron. In 2003, a new ground holding point was established at the eastern end of the runway, enabling aircraft awaiting takeoff to hold there whilst other aircraft landed.[11]

Further expansion

[edit]
de Havilland Canada Dash 7 making its steep approach to LCY from the west as a London City Airways DHC-7 prepares to depart to Amsterdam (1988)

On 2 December 2005, London City Airport DLR station opened on a branch of the Docklands Light Railway, providing rail access to the airport for the first time, and providing fast rail links to Canary Wharf and the City of London. By 2006, more than 2.3 million passengers used London City Airport.

In October 2006, the airport was purchased from Dermot Desmond by a consortium comprising insurer AIG Financial Products and Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP). In the final quarter of 2008 GIP increased its stake in the airport to 75%, the remaining 25% belonging to Highstar Capital.[14]

London City Airport was granted planning permission to construct an extended apron with four additional aircraft parking stands and four new gates to the east of the terminal in 2001; they became operational on 30 May 2008. They are carried on piles above the water of the King George V Dock.[15]

British Airways commenced the first scheduled transatlantic flights from the airport in September 2009, with a twice a day service to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport via Shannon using a specially configured Airbus A318 aircraft. The A318 is the smallest airliner to operate transatlantic since BA's corporate predecessor, BOAC, began transatlantic jet flights on 4 October 1958, with the De Havilland Comet 4.

The first day of the service, one week after Willie Walsh of British Airways pledged to the United Nations that aviation would deliver deep cuts in carbon emissions, was disrupted by activists from Plane Stupid and Fight the Flights dressed up in business suits.[16][17][18]

London Olympics 2012

[edit]
Terminal building
Terminal interior
Apron view

Before the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, it was reported that over £7 million (in 2011) was invested in the terminal to extend the Central Search area and adding other improvements.[19] During the Games, however, the airport was only open for a few hours and there were strict restrictions (for security), and the low capacity ramp and short runway excluded most long-range arrivals. However, it was the closest airport to Olympic Park, with normal scheduled travel by road of 15 minutes.[20]

Current expansion

[edit]

In early 2013, work was expected to start on a £15 million investment programme to refurbish the western pier with new departure gates and improved lounges and to redevelop the international arrivals hall and baggage handling areas.[21] In response to the UK government white paper The Future of Air Transport, the airport operators have produced a master plan outlining their vision for growth up to 2030. The plan was subject to public consultation during spring 2006, and has been republished incorporating comments from this consultation. The master plan shows a phased expansion of the airport, giving the capability of handling 8 million passengers per annum by 2030. It does not propose the addition of a second runway, or significant expansion of the airport boundaries.[22] Phase 1 of this development would be undertaken by 2015. It would include the in-progress construction of the eastern apron extension and provision of a finger pier to the south of this apron to provide passenger access to aircraft using the new parking stands. The terminal building would also be extended to use the triangle of land between it and the railway station. The existing jet centre serving corporate aviation would be extended, a new hangar built to allow aircraft maintenance, and a replacement fire station provided.[23]

Phases 2 and 3 would be undertaken between 2015 and 2030. Further aircraft parking stands would be built to the east of the terminal, and a taxiway would be constructed alongside and to the south of the runway, to avoid the need for aircraft to back-track on the runway. Both these developments would involve further reduction in the water area of the King George V Dock. The existing fuel farm would be relocated to a site at the east of the airport, where it could be supplied by barge, and linked to a hydrant based supply system, thus eliminating both road tanker deliveries and on-airport fuel bowser movements. The existing surface car park would be replaced by a multi-storey car park, allowing extension of the vehicle drop-off and pick up area. The jet centre and hangar facilities would be further extended. Finally the existing terminal building would be replaced.[23]

In line with phase 1 of the master plan, London City Airport made a planning application to the London Borough of Newham in August 2007. This would allow it to increase the number of flights per year from 80,000 to 120,000 by 2010.[24] In July 2008, the Planning Officer for Newham Council produced a report on the Planning Application, recommending that planning permission be granted.[25] The decision was deferred by the council's Development Control Committee at their meeting on 30 July 2008, following a request from Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London, that the decision be delayed until after a study by the National Air Traffic Services (NATS) has been published.[26]

Over 10,000 local residents were consulted by Newham Council over the plan of which 1,109 replied, 801 with objections and 308 in support.[25] The 801 objections mainly concerned increase in noise, increase in air pollution, surface transport, socio-economics and regeneration. The 308 supporters mainly concerned the reduction of air pollution, an alternative London and 2012 Olympic gateway, additional jobs, and benefiting to the local economy.[25] The residents campaign group HACAN East (formerly Fight the Flights) is opposed to expansion due to noise and pollution issues.[26]

On 29 September 2009, Fight the Flights took Newham Council to court in order to challenge their decision to allow a 50% increase from 76,000 to 120,000 flights.[27] On 20 January 2010, the challenge was dismissed, and a deadline of 14 days to appeal was set.[28] The plan was given the go-ahead in February 2015.[29] However this was overturned by Boris Johnson in March 2015.[30] On 27 July 2016 London City Airport was given approval by authorities for their £344 million expansion plan.[31]

Recent developments

[edit]

In October 2015, Global Infrastructure Partners which owned 75% of the facility, put it up for sale, with the agreement of Oaktree Capital Management which holds the remaining 25%.[32] A sale to a Canadian-led consortium of Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo), OMERS, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Wren House Infrastructure Management of the Kuwait Investment Authority for £2 billion was confirmed in February 2016.[4] The sale was completed on 10 March 2016.[33]

In September 2016, British Airways announced the termination of one of its two daily long-haul all-business class services from the airport to New York City, citing economic reasons.[34]

Green Party candidate for the 2016 London mayoral election and member of the London Assembly Siân Berry has been vocal in calling for the closure of London City Airport and subsequent redevelopment of the area it occupies.[citation needed] Caroline Russell, the leader of the Green Party on the London Assembly and Scott Ainslie, former Green MEP for London and councillor on Lambeth Council have both called for its closure.[35]

In March 2020, British Airways suspended its daily service to New York due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2020, the airline confirmed the service would not return.[36]

In January 2021, after a delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the airport became the first major airport controlled by a remote air traffic control tower.[37] The airport had previously decided to relocate the control tower to a site 80 miles (130 km) away at Swanwick, Hampshire, utilising three cable links providing live video to air traffic controllers.[38]

In April 2023, London City became the first major UK airport to drop its 100-millilitre liquid rule. Passengers travelling through London City are now able to carry liquids of up to 2 litres in their carry-on luggage for the first time since the liquid rule was implemented in the UK in 2006.[39]

Plans were approved to increase the passenger cap at London City Airport from 6.5 million to 9 million passengers with the number of morning flights increasing between 06:00 to 09:00.[40]

Operations

[edit]
The airport during the night, with Canary Wharf visible in the background
Apron and runway overview, with The O2 dome in the distance

Served destinations

[edit]

Owing to London City Airport's proximity to London's Docklands and financial district, the airport's primary users are business travellers with destinations such as Luxembourg and Frankfurt, although the number of leisure destinations served like Palma de Mallorca, Málaga or Chambéry has increased in recent years. London City is at its busiest during the winter months, when a number of airlines, most notably British Airways and Swiss International Air Lines, fly to ski resort gateway destinations. Zürich, Geneva, and Milan are among the destinations popular among winter sports enthusiasts.[41]

In July 2020, British Airways announced the termination of its all-business-class flights between City and New York-JFK, which had been operated since 2009.[42]

Facilities and utilized aircraft

[edit]

Due to the airport's proximity to Central London, it has stringent rules imposed to limit the noise impact from aircraft operations. This, together with the physical dimensions of the 1,508-metre-long (4,948 ft) runway and the steep glideslope, limits the aircraft types that can use London City Airport. The size and layout of the airport and overall complexity caused by the lack of taxiways mean that the airport gets very busy during peak hours. The air traffic controllers have to deal with over 38 flights per hour on a runway which, prior to the opening of the full length taxiway at the end of 2020, required a lengthy backtrack for each aircraft needing to depart from runway 27 or land on runway 09. Operations are restricted to 06:30 to 22:30 Monday to Friday, 06:30 to 13:00 on Saturdays and 12:30 to 22:30 on Sundays. These restrictions are related to noise.[2] On 19 December 2022, the airport applied for the restriction on Saturday afternoon to be removed.[43] This application was rejected by Newham Council on 10 July 2023, citing "continued concerns over the noise and environmental impact of the airport on those living nearby."[44]

Mid-range airliners seen at London City include the ATR 42 (both −300 and −500 variants), ATR 72, Airbus A318, Bombardier Dash 8 Q400, BAe 146/Avro RJ, Dornier 328, Embraer ERJ 135, Embraer 170,[45] Embraer 190 and Fokker 50. On 30 January 2009, trials were completed successfully with the ATR 72–500, leading to its approval for use at the airport.[46] The Embraer 190SR underwent trials from 28 March 2009, and thereafter gained approval.[46] The Fokker 70, BAe Jetstream 41, Saab 340 and Saab 2000 also have approval for scheduled operations at the airport. A number of airlines including Swiss and Odyssey have ordered the Airbus A220 with the intention of operating it from London City once delivered and approved. A220-100 operations for Swiss from City commenced in late 2017.[47][48]

On 22–23 March 2017, the A220-100 completed tests for the 5.5-degree approach in Wichita and Salina, Kansas.[49] The A220-100 was certified for the steep approach landing for London City in April 2017.[8] In 2023, Airbus confirmed working on certifying the larger A220-300 for operation at the airport.[50] Corporate aircraft such as the Beechcraft Super King Air, Cessna CitationJet series, Hawker 400, Hawker 800, Piaggio Avanti and variants of the Dassault Falcon business jets are increasingly common. The airport is not available for use by single-engine aircraft or helicopters; recreational flights and single-pilot operations are also not permitted.[5]

The size of the airport, constrained by the water-filled Royal Albert and King George V docks to the north and south respectively, also means that there are no covered maintenance facilities for aircraft. In the late 2000s, AirSea Lines envisaged using the airport as a seaplane base.[51]

Terminal

[edit]

With space limited in East London, and comparatively low passenger volumes, London City Airport is small compared with several other airports serving London, such as Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Southend and Luton. The airport has a single, two-storey passenger terminal building with 18 gates, all hardstands. The ground floor contains the check-in desks and some service facilities as well as a staircase leading to the security control on the upper level, after which the airside waiting area and several more shops can be found.[52] The waiting area is connected to piers on both sides where corridors on the upper floor lead to the departure gates on the ground level. As the airport has no jet bridges, walk-boarding is used on all stands.

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

The following airlines operate regular services to and from London City Airport:[53]

AirlinesDestinations
Air Dolomiti Frankfurt[54]
Aurigny Guernsey[55]
British Airways Amsterdam,[56] Barcelona,[56] Belfast–City,[56] Berlin,[56] Billund,[57] Dublin,[56] Edinburgh,[56] Florence, Frankfurt,[56] Glasgow,[58] Ibiza,[56] Málaga, Palma de Mallorca, Rotterdam/The Hague, San Sebastián, Zürich
Seasonal: Bergerac,[56] Chambéry,[59] Faro, Geneva, Milan–Linate,[60][61] Mykonos,[56] Nice,[56] Prague, Skiathos,[56] Split,[56] Thessaloniki[56]
ITA Airways Milan–Linate, Rome–Fiumicino[62]
KLM Amsterdam[63]
Loganair Isle of Man[64]
LOT Polish Airlines Vilnius
Lufthansa Frankfurt[65]
Luxair Luxembourg
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich[66]
Seasonal: Geneva

Statistics

[edit]

Passengers

[edit]

Passenger numbers at London City Airport saw rapid growth between 2003 and 2008, doubling from around 1.5 million per year to over 3 million. Totals declined in 2009 and 2010, but have since recovered and in 2019 over 5.1 million passengers passed through London City.[1] In 2020, passenger numbers sharply dropped to below 1 million annually during the COVID-19 pandemic.

London City Airport passenger totals. See Wikidata query.
Number of
passengers[67] 		Number of
movements[68]
1997 1,161,116 34,605
1998 1,360,187 39,078
1999 1,385,965 44,376
2000 1,583,843 52,643
2001 1,618,833 57,361
2002 1,602,335 56,291
2003 1,470,576 52,856
2004 1,674,807 61,029
2005 1,996,397 71,105
2006 2,377,318 79,436
2007 2,928,820 91,177
2008 3,271,716 94,516
2009 2,802,296 76,861
2010 2,793,813 68,640
2011 3,009,783 68,792
2012 3,030,005 70,781
2013 3,390,264 74,006
2014 3,702,032 76,260
2015 4,319,749 84,753
2016 4,526,059 85,169
2017 4,511,107 80,490
2018 4,800,190 78,036[1]
2019 5,100,025[69] 80,751
2020 905,326 18,850
2021 713,969 12,921
2022 2,990,201 44,731
2023 3,412,122
Source: UK Civil Aviation Authority[1][70]

Routes

[edit]
Busiest routes to and from London City (2022)[71]
Rank Airport Total
passengers		 Change
2020/2021
1 Amsterdam 393,748 Increase 381.6%
2 Edinburgh 304,035 Increase 234.3%
3 Zurich 293,822 Increase 495.8%
4 Frankfurt 226,711 Increase 471.9%
5 Dublin 206,945 Increase 287.2%
6 Luxembourg 181,670 Increase 669.9%
7 Glasgow 176,763 Increase 204.1%
8 Berlin 136,281 Increase 428.8%
9 Belfast–City 121,502 Increase 61.4%
10 Düsseldorf 118,997 Increase 431.6%

Ground transport

[edit]

Docklands Light Railway

[edit]
London City Airport DLR station (2006)

London City Airport is served by London City Airport DLR station, which is an elevated station adjoining the terminal building. The station is on a branch of the Docklands Light Railway, which links the airport to Canary Wharf and the City of London as well as to Stratford International and Woolwich Arsenal stations with interchanges to London Underground, London Overground, Elizabeth line, Greater Anglia, c2c, Thameslink and Southeastern High Speed train services.[72]

Elizabeth line

[edit]
The route of the Elizabeth line passes very close to the airport but no station serves it (2018 diagram)

Until 2006, Silvertown railway station on the North London line served the airport, but it was closed during the construction of Crossrail. The Elizabeth line, which opened in May 2022,[73] passes around 300 m to the south of the airport,[74] but does not stop there. Proposals were put forward that a new station should be opened on the Elizabeth line to serve the airport, but a London City Airport station was not included in TfL's Crossrail plans.[75][76][77][78]

Road access

[edit]

The airport is served by the A1020 road and the A112 road. These give fast links to Canning Town, the City of London and Stratford, as well as connecting to the A13 and the North Circular Road, London (A406). Also the A13 provides easy access to the M25 motorway, as with the A406 connecting to the M11 motorway. The airport has both a short-term and a long-term car park, both within walking distance of the terminal and a taxi rank outside the terminal door.

Local buses

[edit]

The airport is served by London Buses services:

The express shuttle buses, which formerly ran to various destinations, were withdrawn after the DLR line was built.

Riverboat

[edit]

Thames Clippers services call at a new pier at the nearby residential development Royal Wharf, allowing travel into Central London using an Oyster card or contactless smart card.[79]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On 13 February 2009, BA CityFlyer Flight 8456 (an Avro RJ100, registered G-BXAR, flying from Amsterdam) suffered a nose-gear collapse while landing at London City. None of the 67 passengers or five crew members were seriously injured in the incident, but three passengers suffered minor injuries; two of them were kept in hospital overnight.[80] The aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair, and was written off by insurers in May 2009.[81]
  • On 21 October 2016, 27 people were injured, two of them seriously, when a tear gas substance was released in London City Airport. Hundreds of other passengers reported experiencing temporary blindness and itching. Many flights were cancelled, leaving thousands stranded and causing major disruption around Europe. A few days later, police arrested a suspect under 'terror offences' and the media referred to the incident as a terror attack. Police later confirmed that tear gas bottles had deliberately been placed to 'cause harm or disruption'. Security was increased at the airport in the days following the attack.[82]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Annual airport data 2022 | Civil Aviation Authority". www.caa.co.uk.
  2. ^ a b "London/City – EGLC". Nats-uk.ead-it.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  3. ^ "CITY". World Aero Data. WorldAeroData.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ a b "London City Airport bought for £2bn by Canadian-led group". BBC News. 26 February 2016. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  5. ^ a b "The UK Integrated Aeronautical Information Package (IAIP) – London/City (EGLC)". Nats-uk.ead-it.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  6. ^ New generation aircraft London City Airport
  7. ^ Wallsworth, Dave (7 November 2017). "Airbus A318 at London City Airport". Captain Dave. Archived from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Certification requirements for London City Airport" (PDF). Isle of Man Aircraft Registry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  9. ^ "1.2 The airport site: An international airport in London's Royal Docks" (PDF). London City Airport master plan 2020. London City Airport (Report). 4 December 2020. p. 17. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  10. ^ Discover the data behind LCY London City Airport
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h "Airport History". London City Airport Consultative Committee. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  12. ^ Warden, Anne (18 November 1986). "Traffic jams today, transport tomorrow". Focus: London Docklands: A special report. The Times. No. 62618. London, England, UK. p. 20. ISSN 0140-0460.
  13. ^ "Constructing the Airport". London City Airport Consultative Committee. Archived from the original on 28 October 2007. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  14. ^ "London City Airport: Corporate Information". Archived from the original on 22 August 2010.
  15. ^ "London City Airport Master Plan" (PDF). London City Airport. November 2006. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  16. ^ "BA aims to launch London City–JFK A318 service in Oct". Flightglobal.com. 27 May 2009. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  17. ^ "Can 'son of Concorde' succeed?". The Independent. UK. 26 September 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  18. ^ "Green groups slam BA over new business class-only flights". The Guardian. 29 September 2009. Archived from the original on 25 October 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  19. ^ "London City Airport expects Olympics boost". Candm.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  20. ^ Jason Hayward (16 January 2012). "6 Important Tips for Successful 2012 London Olympic Games Planning". Universalweather.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  21. ^ "London City Airport", Airliner World: 7, February 2013
  22. ^ "London City Airport Master Plan". London City Airport. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  23. ^ a b "London City Airport Master Plan" (PDF). London City Airport. November 2006. pp. 24–26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  24. ^ "London City Airport Planning Application". London City Airport. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  25. ^ a b c "Planning Officer's report on Planning Application". London Borough of Newham. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
  26. ^ a b "City flights decision is delayed". BBC. 30 July 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
  27. ^ "Council sued on City flights rise". BBC. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
  28. ^ "Residents lose City Airport flights court battle". BBC News. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  29. ^ "Plan agreed for London City Airport despite objections". BBC News. 7 February 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  30. ^ "London City Airport: Mayor rejects expansion plan". BBC News. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  31. ^ Tovey, Alan (13 August 2020). "London City airport puts expansion on hold". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  32. ^ "City Airport on the Market". Airliner World: 6. October 2015.
  33. ^ "Global Infrastructure Partners Announces The Sale of London City Airport" (PDF). Global Infrastructure Partners. 26 February 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  34. ^ "British Airways cancels one of its London City to New York all-business class services". Businesstraveller.com. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  35. ^ "News from Caroline Russell: London no place for expanded City Airport". Greater London Authority. 9 July 2018.
  36. ^ "British Airways confirms end of all business class LCY-JFK service". Business Traveller. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  37. ^ "London City Becomes First Major Airport Controlled by Remote Digital Tower - Travel Radar". Travel Radar - Aviation News. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  38. ^ "London City first UK airport to get remote digital air traffic control". BBC News. 19 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  39. ^ "London City Airport Becomes First Major UK Airport to Drop Liquid Carry-on Rule". www.travelmarketreport.com. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  40. ^ "London City Airport passenger cap to rise from 6.5 to 9m". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  41. ^ "History of London City Airport". Flightsnetwork.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  42. ^ aero.de (German) 31 July 2020
  43. ^ Orban, André (23 December 2022). "London City Airport requests authorisation of Saturday flights and increase of passenger cap".
  44. ^ "Airport's bid to extend flying times is rejected". Newham Recorder. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  45. ^ "ERJ 170 Approved for LCY". Aviation Today. 22 June 2007. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2008.
  46. ^ a b Kaminski-Morrow, David (10 February 2009). "Authorities clear ATR 72 for London City operations". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  47. ^ Ghim-Lay Yeo (2 June 2013). "Bombardier appears to name Odyssey as CSeries customer". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  48. ^ Ghim-Lay Yeo (17 June 2013). "Odyssey confirmed as CSeries customer". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  49. ^ Kraft, Melanie (28 March 2017). "Airlive". Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  50. ^ Boynton, Christine. "Air Baltic orders 30 A220-300 as Airbus works on LCY certification". Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Seaplanes to fly once more". 22 April 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  52. ^ "Terminal Map". www.london-city-airport-guide.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  53. ^ [1] retrieved 5 October 2024
  54. ^ "Lufthansa/Air Dolomiti NS24 European network/frequency changes – 21Jan24". 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  55. ^ "Flights to London City relaunched by Aurigny". BBC News. 22 February 2024.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "BA CityFlyer NS23 Network Adjustment – 25DEC22". Aeroroutes.com. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  57. ^ "British Airways Relaunches London City – Billund". London Air Travel. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  58. ^ "British Airways July 2022 London Intra-Europe Service Update - 03JUL22". Aeroroutes.com. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  59. ^ "BA CityFlyer Adds London Gatwick – Chambery in NW24". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  60. ^ "British Airways - Information Page".
  61. ^ "UK NW23 Network Additions/Removals Summary – 29OCT23".
  62. ^ "ITA Airways aprira' Londra City non stop anche da Roma". 11 December 2023.
  63. ^ "KLM NS24 European Service Changes – 21JAN24". Aeroroutes.
  64. ^ Liu, Jim. "Loganair Restores Isle of Man – London Link in April 2022". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  65. ^ "Air Dolomiti Expands Lufthansa Codeshare in NW24".
  66. ^ "SWISS NW24 Europe Frequency Changes – 27OCT24". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  67. ^ Number of passengers including both domestic and international.
  68. ^ Number of movements represents total aircraft takeoffs and landings during that year.
  69. ^ "More than 5m passengers traveled through London City Airport in 2019". CityAM. 10 January 2020.
  70. ^ "London City Airport Facts and Figures". London City Airport. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  71. ^ "Annual airport data 2021". UK Civil Aviation Authority. 21 March 2023. Tables 12.1 (CSV) and 12.2 (CSV). Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  72. ^ Simons, Graham; Bowman, Martin W. (2011). London's Airports. Casemate Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 9781848843943. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  73. ^ "Phased Opening". Crossrail. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  74. ^ Smale, Katherine (21 May 2019). "London City Airport in talks with TfL about Crossrail station". New Civil Engineer. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  75. ^ "Transforming East London Together 2013–2023" (PDF). London City Airport. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  76. ^ Broadbent, Giles (31 May 2016). "Why is TfL so hostile to a Crossrail station at LCY?". The Wharf. InYourArea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  77. ^ "Regeneration". Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  78. ^ Silvertown Station - Crossrail Proposals Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine - Crossrail Ltd. January 2012
  79. ^ "Work begins on new riverboat stop near London City Airport". Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  80. ^ "Air Accidents Investigation: Avro 146-RJ100, G-BXAR". Aaib.gov.uk. 13 February 2009. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  81. ^ "BA jobs go after plane write-off". BBC News. 25 May 2009. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  82. ^ "Chemical attack at London City Airport 'was terror incident'". The Independent. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_City_Airport&oldid=1255136614"