Kurdujin Khatun
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| Kurdujin Khatun | |
|---|---|
| Ruler of Kirman | |
| Reign | June/July 1295 – November 1295 |
| Predecessor | Padishah Khatun |
| Successor | Muzaffar al-Din Mohammad |
| Ruler of Shiraz | |
| Reign | 1319 – 1338 |
| Predecessor | Abish Khatun |
| Successor | Sultan Khatun |
| Born | After 1273 |
| Died | 1338 |
| Spouse | Suyurghatmish Chupan |
| House | Borjigin by birth Qutluqkhanid by marriage Chobanids by marriage |
| Father | Möngke Temür |
| Mother | Abish Khatun |
Kurdujin Khatun (prior to 1273–1338) was an Ilkhanid princess who ruled Kerman from 1295 to 1296, and Shiraz from 1319 to 1338.
Life
[edit]Kurdujin Khatun was born to Abish Khatun and Möngke Temür, the son of Hulagu Khan.
First Marriage
[edit]Kurdujin's marriage to Suyurgatmish of Kerman, a Khitan ruler, helped her new husband gain many allies, including Suqunjaq Noyan (governor of Iraq), Khuzestan, and Qutui Khatun, the mother of Tekuder. Suyurgatmish was confirmed as the new ruler of Kerman by Tekuder in 1282.[citation needed]
Kurdujin further extended her influence when she inherited her mother's estate in 1286. However, after Gaykhatu's coronation, the political climate suddenly changed, and Padishah Khatun, who became the ruler of Kerman, imprisoned Suyurgatmish. Kurdujin helped her husband to escape, but he was captured and executed on August 21, 1294.[citation needed]
Struggle against Padishah Khatun
[edit]Kurdujin Khatun got revenge when Baydu, the son-in-law of Suyurgatmish, ascended to the throne. Baydu demanded that Padishah Khatun come to his coronation ceremony. After gathering allies, Kurdujin invaded Kerman and besieged the city. Around the same time, some of Padishah Khatun's emirs changed loyalties to Kurdujin. These included Emir Timur, Emir Shadi, Emir Mubarek, and her nephew, Nasrat al-Din Yulukshah.[citation needed]
Padishah Khatun finally surrendered the city and sent the keys to Kurdujin. Padishah was imprisoned and later accused of treason. Kurdujin Khatun obtained the order to execute Padishah Khatun from Baydu, thanks to her stepdaughter, Shah Alam. Padishah was executed near Kushk-e Zar in June or July 1295.[1]
After her victorious entrance, Kurdujin Khatun ruled Kerman briefly in 1295.[2] However, she was soon replaced by Muzaffar al-Din Mohammad, Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj's son, in 1295, on order of Ghazan, the new Ilkhan.[3]
Later life
[edit]Khatun lived a quiet life in Shiraz for some time.[citation needed]
She gave refuge to her stepson Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan in 1306, when he was depraved of ruling Kerman by Öljeitü.[citation needed]
In 1319, she ruled Shiraz in her own right on the order of Abu Said. She died in 1338 and was succeeded by her niece, Sultan Khatun, in Shiraz. However, their rule was limited to the city and symbolic.[4][5]
Marriages
[edit]Khatun married 4 times in her life:
- Suyurgatmish (ended in 1294): Ruler of Kerman
- Amir Taj al-Din Satilmish, formerly a supporter of Kutlugh Turkan.
- Toghai, a basqaq who was Satilmish's nephew, arrived at Fars in 1320.
- Amir Chupan (died in 1327), with whom she had three sons:
- Siukshah
- Yagi Basti
- Nowruz
Abu Said promised to marry her to Ghiyath-uddin ibn Rukn-uddin, the Kartid ruler of Herat, but Baghdad Khatun prevented this move.[6]
Legacy
[edit]She was mentioned in the works of the historian Wassaf, who praised her for being charitable.[4] She also founded the Madrasa-i Shahi (Royal College) in Shiraz.[7]
Ancestors
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References
[edit]- ^ "PĀDŠĀH ḴĀTUN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
- ^ Arjomand, Saïd Amir (2019-05-02). Revolution: Structure and Meaning in World History. University of Chicago Press. p. 309. ISBN 9780226026848.
Princess Kürdüjin governed Kerman briefly as the widow of the local ruler, Soyurghātmish, around 1295
- ^ Minorsky, Vladimir (1980). The Encyclopaedia of Islam // Kutlugh-Khanids. Brill Archive. p. 553. ISBN 9004064710.
- ^ a b Lambton, Ann K. S. (1988-01-01). Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia. SUNY Press. p. 275. ISBN 9780887061332.
- ^ Nicola, Bruno De (2017-03-08). Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206-1335. Edinburgh University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-4744-1548-4.
- ^ Broadbridge, Anne F. (2018-07-18). Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108424899.
- ^ Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz (2005). "Odes of a Poet-Princess: The Ghazals of Jahān-Malik Khātūn". Iran. 43: 173–195. doi:10.2307/4300688. JSTOR 4300688.