Kuna Crest Granodiorite
| Kuna Crest Granodiorite | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: 91 Ma | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Granodiorite |
| Location | |
| Region | Yosemite National Park |
| Country | United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Kuna Crest |
 A geologic map of Yosemite National Park | |
Kuna Crest Granodiorite (also called Granodiorite of Glen Aulin),[1] is found, in Yosemite National Park, United States. The granodiorite forms part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (aka Tuolumne Batholith), one of the four major intrusive suites within the Sierra Nevada. Of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, it is the oldest and darkest rock.[2]
Kuna Crest granodiorite forms most of the outer part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, on the edges.[3]
Name
[edit]The word Kuna probably derives from a Shoshonean word, with a meaning "fire," appearing in the Mono dialect of the area, with meaning of firewood.[4][5] The rocks on Kuna Peak can be a red color[6] and Kuna Peak is the highest point on Kuna Crest. Kuna Crest granodiorite was first identified on Kuna Crest, from which Kuna Peak rises.[7][8]
Geology
[edit]Kuna Crest Granodiorite makes up most of the outer part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite. Of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, it is the most melanocratic of the granodiorites containing many mafic microgranular enclaves. It is fine- to medium-grained (0.1–4 mm). The mafic minerals are generally oriented and define a foliation.
Plagioclase is its most abundant mineral and is generally in euhedral crystals with rare inclusions. Thus plagioclase is viewed the first phase to crystallize from the magma.
The cores of some crystals are irregularly shaped, and have more sodium than outer parts. There is evidence that magma producing Kuna Crest Granodiorite mixed with other magmas.
Magnetite crystals and those of titanite in the Kuna Crest granodiorite are usually euhedral, and occur in aggregates. So, they are interpreted to be early phases (primocrysts), who crystallized together. The magnetite crystals are smaller (~0.1–0.5 mm) than those of titanite (~0.5–3 mm). The titanite crystals commonly display compositional zoning. The biotite crystals are 1–3 mm across, being more or less euhedral; but they contain small inclusions of titanite and magnetite, indicating that biotite crystallization began after them.
The distinguishing feature of the Kuna Crest granodiorite is the presence of anhedral crystals of hornblende abounding in inclusions of the other minerals. So hornblende might have been the last mafic primocryst mineral to have finished growing.
Between the other crystals, the last minerals to crystallize were K-feldspar and quartz. So the quartz is denoted interstitial quartz. These have all axes of the same length (1–3 mm), and are anhedral, and show no evidence of significant post-crystallization strain.
Apatite and zircon are common accessory minerals, and occur as relatively euhedral crystals. Because none of the mafic minerals are fractured or bent and the interstitial quartz keeps all axes the same length, the strong orientation shown by the euhedral minerals and the hornblende is viewed to be a magmatic foliation. The absence of well-balanced, 120° facial angles between the minerals indicates that no major readjustment of the grain boundaries took place after the magma had crystallized.[3]
Estimates from petrographic observation of average mineral proportion of non-layered rocks of Kuna Crest granodiorite follows:
| Mineral | Its percentage |
|---|---|
| Plagioclase | 40% |
| Quartz | 20% |
| Biotite | 15% |
| K-feldspar | 9% |
| Hornblende | 15% |
| Titanite | 0.5% |
| Magnetite | 0.5% |
Of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, in Kuna Crest granodiorite, the proportion of the mafic minerals is greatest, at 21%. The abundance of light rare earth elements (the cerium group of elements) is similar in Half Dome Granodiorite and Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, but is lowest in Kuna Crest granodiorite.[3]
Where it is found
[edit]Kuna Crest granodiorite is tied to Kuna Peak, also in Yosemite, and Kuna Crest, being first identified on Kuna Crest, from which Kuna Peak rises.[8][7]
It is exposed at Glacier Point, and is found, on the east end of Yosemite Valley. [9][2] It is also found on the west side of the pluton and near Tioga Pass on the east side of the Sierra Nevada batholith.[10] It is found, on Kuna Crest.[7]
It is also found near May Lake, though till covers it.[11]
Its age
[edit]It is about 91 million years old, the oldest granodiorite of the Tuolumne Meadows area.[2]
See also
[edit]- Cathedral Peak Granodiorite
- El Capitan Granite
- Geology of the Yosemite area
- Half Dome Granodiorite
- Johnson Granite Porphyry
- Kuna Crest
- Sentinel granodiorite
- Tuolumne Intrusive Suite
References
[edit]- ^ Petsche, Joseph M. (2008). Structure of the Sentinel Granodiorite, Yosemite National Park, California (MS). San Jose State University. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ a b c The Geologic Story of Yosemite National Park (1987), "Rocks, the building materials," by N. King Huber: the oldest and darkest rock in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, accessdate: 7 March 2017
- ^ a b c Solgadi, F.; Sawyer, E. W. (2008). "Formation of Igneous Layering in Granodiorite by Gravity Flow: a Field, Microstructure and Geochemical Study of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite at Sawmill Canyon, California". Journal of Petrology. 49 (11): 2009–2042. Bibcode:2008JPet...49.2009S. doi:10.1093/petrology/egn056.
- ^ Farquhar, Francis P. (1926). "Place Names of the High Sierra". yosemite.ca.us. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ Kroeber, A.L. (2007). "California place names of Indian origin". Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ Attractions in Kuna Peak: Attractions in Kuna Peak, accessdate: 10 March 2017
- ^ a b c George Wuerthner (1994). Yosemite: A Visitor's Companion. Stackpole Books. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-0-8117-2598-9.
- ^ a b Kuna Peak : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost: Kuna Peak : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost, accessdate: 11 March 2017
- ^ Glazner, Allen F.; Greg M. Stock (2010). Geology Underfoot in Yosemite. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-375-72626-2.
- ^ Cathedral Peak Granodiorite: Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, accessdate: 12 March 2017
- ^ Glazner, Allen F.; Greg M. Stock (2010). Geology Underfoot in Yosemite. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-375-72626-2.
- Paterson, SR; Okaya, D; Memeti, V; Economos, R; Miller, RB (2011). "Magma addition and flux calculations of incrementally constructed magma chambers in continental margin arcs: Combined field, geochronologic, and thermal modeling studies". Geosphere. 7 (6): 1439–1468. Bibcode:2011Geosp...7.1439P. doi:10.1130/GES00696.1.
- Glazner and Stock (2010). Geology Underfoot in Yosemite National Park. Yosemite National Park: Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87842-568-6.