Kumki (elephant)

Kumki (Koomkie, Koonki or Kunki; known as Thāppāna in Malayalam) is a term used in India for trained captive Asian elephants used in operations to trap wild elephants, sometimes to rescue or to provide medical treatment to an injured or trapped wild elephant.^[1] Kumkis are used for capturing, calming and herding wild elephants or to lead wild elephants away in conflict situations.^[2] In such cases the training process aims at preserving some of the wild dominant character in them, so that they can control wild elephants by force if necessary. When wild elephants enter human settlements and kumkis are used to drive them away, sometimes direct physical contact might not be needed since the territorial behaviour is aided by scent and other communication between animals.

Some Koonki are particularly trained to follow the "foot commands" from their mahouts and to move silently during the entire capturing operation.^[3]

Etymology

The word is derived from Persian kumak which means "aid" and is in wide usage from Bengal to Tamil Nadu by mahouts.^[4]^[5]

Phandi commands

Following are the commands that phandis use to drive an elephant.^[6]

Agad : Go forward
Pisoo/Pichoo : Go backward.
Dhutt/Datt : Stop
Beit : Lie (on belly)
Tere : Lie (on one side)
Meile/Mut : Get up

In popular culture

Some movies related to kumki elephants have been released in the Tamil film industry, such as Kumki (2012).

References

^ Kingsley, John Sterling, ed. (1884). The standard natural history. Mammals. Volume V. Boston: S.E. Cassino and Company. p. 219.
^ Sastri, B.N., ed. (1952). "Elephant". The Wealth of India. Volume III: D-E. New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. pp. 143–149.
^ Nibha Namboodiri, ed. (July 1997). "Elephant capturing in North-Eastern India by Parbati Baruah". Practical Elephant Management - A Handbook for Mahouts. Elephant Welfare Association. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
^ Yule, Henry; Burnell, A.C. (1903). Crooke, William (ed.). Hobson-Jobson. London: John Murray. p. 251.
^ Jardine, Sir William, ed. (1854). The Naturalist's Library. Mammalia. Volume XXIV. Edinburgh: W.H. Lizars. p. 113.
^ Mitra, Naresh; Ray, Achintyarup (13 September 2009). "Caught in a trap". The Times of India. Kolkata: Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.: 13. Archived from the original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2009.

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[1] Kingsley, John Sterling, ed. (1884). The standard natural history. Mammals. Volume V. Boston: S.E. Cassino and Company. p. 219.

[2] Sastri, B.N., ed. (1952). "Elephant". The Wealth of India. Volume III: D-E. New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. pp. 143–149.

[cd-3] Nibha Namboodiri, ed. (July 1997). "Elephant capturing in North-Eastern India by Parbati Baruah". Practical Elephant Management - A Handbook for Mahouts. Elephant Welfare Association. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2009.

[4] Yule, Henry; Burnell, A.C. (1903). Crooke, William (ed.). Hobson-Jobson. London: John Murray. p. 251.

[5] Jardine, Sir William, ed. (1854). The Naturalist's Library. Mammalia. Volume XXIV. Edinburgh: W.H. Lizars. p. 113.

[xy-6] Mitra, Naresh; Ray, Achintyarup (13 September 2009). "Caught in a trap". The Times of India. Kolkata: Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.: 13. Archived from the original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2009.

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