Kettlebell lifting
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Kettlebell sport lifting (Russian: гиревой спорт, girevoy sport, GS) a.k.a. girya is a repetitive weight lifting sport performed with kettlebells in a given period of time.[1]
Competitive kettlebell lifting has a long history in Russia and Eastern Europe, but developed as an organised, standard sport under the name kettlebell lifting during the 1960s.[2]
Lifts
[edit]The sport consists of three main lifts: the snatch, jerk and the long cycle.[3][4][5] Jerk and Long Cycle can be performed with one bell or two kettlebells of equal weight.
- Snatch: A single kettlebell is swung using one hand from between the knees to above the head in a single motion.[6][7]
- Jerk: Two kettlebells are grasped in each hand and swung to the 'rack position' at chest level, then jerked above the head. It can be performed with one kettlebell.[8]
- Long Cycle: Two kettlebells are cleaned from knee level to chest level, then jerked to above the head. It can be performed with one kettlebell.[9]
Rules
[edit]
Classic competition format is usually composed of two to three categories; biathlon, long cycle and snatch. The lifter is given ten minutes for each event to perform as many repetitions as possible. They include:
- Biathlon involves the girevik (kettlebell lifter) performing a set of jerks for ten minutes, with at least 1 hour rest, followed by a set of snatches for ten minutes. Bells cannot be set down or the set is over. When using one bell, only one arm switch is allowed. Jerk reps receive one point. Snatch reps receive 0.5 points. Biathlon score is the combined jerk and snatch points.
- Long cycle involves the girevik performing a set of clean and jerks for ten minutes.[10] Bells cannot be set down or the set is over. When using one bell, only one arm switch is allowed. Each rep is 1 point.
- Snatch is a ten minute set with only one arm switch allowed. Bell cannot be set down or the set is over. When using one bell, only one arm switch is allowed.[11] Each rep is 1 point.
Competition kettlebell colours are 8 kg (Pink), 12 kg (Blue), 16 kg (Yellow), 20 kg (Purple), 24 kg (Green), 28 kg (Orange), 32 kg (Red).[12] Traditional competitions require the male lifter to use 1-pood (16 kg), 1.5-pood (24 kg), and 2-pood (32 kg) competition kettlebells of similar size with identifying colours.[13][14] Some competitive federations allow 8 kg, 12 kg, 16 kg, 20 kg & 24 kg for women and 16 kg, 20 kg, 24 kg, 28 kg, 32 kg, 40 kg for men.
Terminology
[edit]- KB – often used abbreviation for kettlebell.
- Pendulum – path the kettlebell takes as it moves from between the legs to either the rack or overhead position in Snatch.
- Swing—kettlebell movement that involves moving the bell in a pendulum motion from between the legs to the overhead position. Basic and start-up kettlebell exercise. Can be performed with one or two hands. There are two variations: Russian swing and American swing.[15][16]
- Backswing – the portion of the swing or snatch in which the bell is moving backward between the legs.
- Upswing – the portion of the swing or snatch in which the bell is moving forward and up towards the top of the swing or overhead position.
- Rack position – the V-position of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist on the torso where the kettlebell rests between repetitions of jerk or long cycle. Ideally the elbow rests on the top portion of the hip joint.
- Lockout – when the arm is fully extended in the overhead position---wrist over shoulder, and the knees are straight as if you are standing in an upside down handstand.
- Joint stacking – Ensuring proper alignment of joints in overhead lockout position, meaning a straight line can be drawn from wrist to elbow to shoulder to hip to knees to ankles.
- Fixation – when the lifter and kettlebell completely stop all movement at the completion of a repetition, the component of a lift that determines whether the repetition will be counted towards the competition score; also a chance to rest.
- Clean – kettlebell movement that involves moving the bell using the hips in a pendulum motion from between the legs to chest level in front of the body in the Rack position or the top of the swing position.
- Hang clean –
- Jerk – kettlebell movement that uses the triple extension (see definition below) to launch the kettlebell from the rack position to overhead position.[17] Jerk begins with a dynamic push-press (see definition below) with the heels lifting, followed by a squat under the overhead lockout and finishing with standing up with straight legs.
- OAJ – one arm jerk—using one kettlebell.
- Double Jerk, Jerk or TAJ (two arm jerk) – uses 2 kettlebells.
- Triple extension – Full extension of the hips, knees, and ankles that provides the power to launch the kettlebell overhead in the jerk movement.[18]
- Long Cycle (also called long jerk or (kettlebell) clean and jerk) – kettlebell movement that is composed of the clean, followed by the jerk, then a drop to the rack and the re-cleaned for the next jerk.
- TALC – two arm long cycle, meaning long cycle with two kettlebells
- OALC – one arm long cycle, meaning long cycle with one kettlebell
- Snatch – kettlebell movement that uses the legs and hips to move the kettlebell from the swing into the overhead position.
- Half snatch – kettlebell movement in which dropping into rack is substituted for the snatch drop.
- Black snatch – a method of training grip and endurance for snatch in which one or multiple swings are added before each snatch. Repeat for desired amount of time (or until you drop the bell).
- Olympic snatch – A style of snatch in which the backswing is eliminated and the bell moves in a straighter path up and down, often employed once the lifter's forearms have fatigued at the end of a set.
- Hang snatch.
- Switch – when the lifter changes the arm used with the kettlebell. – one switch rule (classic International Union of Kettlebell Lifting competition) or unlimited/multiple switches rule (marathon International Kettlebell Marathon Federation competition).
- Speed switch.
- Single/one hand switch.
- Two-hand switch – not allowed.
- Static/dead hang – when the lifter is just holding the Kbell without moving — not allowed in competitions.[19]
- Rebounding – not allowed.
- Push press – kettlebell movement that utilizes strength from legs to get the bell to the overhead position.
- Clean and push Press – kettlebell movement that is composed of the clean, followed by the push press.
- Press / military press – kettlebell movement that relies on the strength of the arm alone to get to the overhead position.
- Clean and press – kettlebell movement that is composed of the clean, followed by the press.[20]
- Kettlebell high pulls / kettlebell standing pull-up – kettlebell movement; kettlebell is between the feet then grabbed with both arms maintaining flat back then ascended and raised to waist followed by pulling it directly in front of the face (elbows stay high and reach eye height (handle is at chin level)).
- Windmill – kettlebell movement; stance is wider than shoulder width. Kettlebell is held above head with straight arms. If KB is held in the right hand, the body is inclining to left side in an attempt to touch floor with left hand and vice versa.
- Set – length of time a kettlebell lift is performed for.
- RPM – repetitions per minute, which is used to pace a kettlebell set.
- Kettlebell coefficient – allows comparing results achieved using kettlebells of different weights in the same weight class and in the same discipline (each KB weight has an assigned coefficient). Score is then calculated as number of repetitions x KB coefficient. Used in Ultimate Girevik Cup.
- (kettlebell) grips – regular grip, reverse grip, pinch grip, finger grip, ball grip.
- (kettlebell) holds – 1 KB/2 hands, 1 KB/1 hand, 2 KB/1 hand (holds both kettlebells), 2 KB/2 hands (each holds a kettlebell), 2 KB Squared (2 hands hold 2 kettlebells in each hand).
- one hand holds - one hand hold, horn, bottom up.
- two hand holds - two hand hold, horn squeeze, horn taffy pull, two hand bottom up, waiter, crusher, foot in handle, farmer hold.
- kettle clamp – gear that enables transformation of ordinary dumbbell into a kettlebell.
Organizations
[edit]There are two main international sanctioning bodies: the International Union of Kettlebell Lifting (IUKL) based in Riga, Latvia[21] and the World Kettlebell Sport Federation (WKSF) based in Nosate, Italy which formed in 2017.[22][23] The All-Russia Kettlebell Lifting Federation (Всероссийская федерация гиревого спорта) is a member of the International Union of Kettlebell Lifting (IUKL). A third International organisation exists, the International Girya Sport Federation (IGSF), founded in Lipetsk, Russia but currently based in Ukraine.[24] In 2006, Valery Fedorenko, a former world champion from Kyrgyzstan founded the World Kettlebell Club in the United States (WKC).[25] In 2012, The American Kettlebell Alliance (AKA) was founded to further develop and popularize kettlebell sport in the Americas.[26]
International Kettlebell Lifting Union (IUKL) is leading organisation that is recoganised by AIMS – Alliance of Independent Recognized Members of Sports,[27] also have Observer status from top multi sport organisation Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF). [28]
International Kettlebell Lifting Union (IUKL) is World Anti Doping Agency - WADA signatory. [29]
The International Kettlebell Marathon Federation (IKMF) is main organisation for marathon kettlebell lifting and also for Kettlebell Pentathlon.[30] The IKMF hosts competitions using the traditional lifts in a marathon format (One arm—jerk, snatch, half snatch, long cycle. Two arm-jerk, long cycle, half snatch) for 30 minute and 60 minute sets. "Ultra-marathons" are 2+hours. Lifters can multi-switch arms for one bell lifts. If the bell/bells are set down before the time limit NONE of the reps count.
There are organizations, besides federations, which promote sport of kettlebell lifting, educate and license coaches and determine conditions for titles of mastery in sport of kettlebell lifting; more notable ones are: IKO[31] KetAcademy, International Kettlebell and Fitness Federation, World Kettlebell Club, Girevoy Sport Union,[32] International Kettlebell Sport & Fitness Academy.
World Association of Kettlebell Sport Clubs (WAKSC) is an association of sport clubs and organizations who practice kettlebell sport as their professional occupation. It also organizes World Championships (individual and team (club affiliation)).
World Championships
[edit]International Union of Kettlebell Lifting (IUKL)
[edit]| Year | Host City | Country | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Tampere |  Finland |
IUKL World Championship 2010 |
| 2011 | Nanuet |  United States |
IUKL World Championship 2011 |
| 2012 | Šiauliai |  Lithuania |
IUKL World Championship 2011 (with TAFISA world games) |
| 2013 | Tyumen |  Russia |
IUKL World Championship 2013 |
| 2014 | Hamburg |  Germany |
IUKL World Championship 2014 |
| 2015 | Dublin |  Ireland |
IUKL World Championship 2015 |
| 2016 | Aktobe |  Kazakhstan |
IUKL World Championship 2016 |
| 2017 | Seoul |  South Korea |
IUKL World Championship 2017 |
| 2018 | Daugavpils |  Latvia |
IUKL World Championship 2018 |
| 2019 | Novi Sad |  Serbia |
IUKL World Championship 2019 |
| 2020 | Saint Petersburg | Russia |
IUKL World Championship 2020 |
| 2021 | Budapest |  Hungary |
IUKL World Championship 2021 |
| 2022 | New Delhi |  India |
IUKL World Championship 2022 |
| 2023 | Khiva |  Uzbekistan |
IUKL World Championship 2023 |
| 2023 | Daugavpils | Latvia |
IUKL World Championship 2023 |
| 2024 | Corfu |  Greece |
IUKL World Championship 2023 |
| 2024 | Cholpon-Ata |  Kyrgyzstan |
IUKL World Championship 2023 |
World Kettlebell Sport Federation (WKSF)
[edit]| Year | Host City | Country | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Milan |  Italy |
WKSF World Championship 2018 |
| 2019 | Gormanston | Ireland |
WKSF World Championship 2019 |
| 2020 |  Spain |
||
| 2021 | Milan | Italy |
WKSF World Championship 2021 |
| 2022 | Maia |  Portugal |
WKSF World Championship 2022 |
| 2023 | Hódmezővásárhely | Hungary |
WKSF World Championship 2023 |
| 2024 | Rzeszów |  Poland |
WKSF World Championship 2024 |
References
[edit]- ^ Mather, Victor (2019-08-03). "Kettlebell Lifting, Handstand Walking and a Lot of Mystery". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ ИСТОРИЯ ГИРЕВОГО СПОРТА
- ^ "Exercises: Snatch". World Kettlebell Club. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Exercises: Jerk". World Kettlebell Club. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Exercises: Long Cycle". World Kettlebell Club. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Exercises: Snatch". World Kettlebell Club. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Superhero Fit Workout Move of the Day: Kettlebell High Pull". Men's Health. 2018-08-10. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
- ^ "Exercises: Jerk". World Kettlebell Club. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Kettlebell Long Cycle". One Hour Long Cycle. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ Manocchia, Pasquale; Spierer, David K.; Lufkin, Adrienne K. S.; Minichiello, Jacqueline; Castro, Jessica (2013). "Transference of Kettlebell Training to Strength, Power, and Endurance". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 27 (2): 477–484. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825770fe. ISSN 1064-8011. PMID 22549084. S2CID 21377722.
- ^ Cooper, Edward; Hayes, Annie (2021-02-17). "11 of the Best Kettlebell Exercises to Build Muscle". Men's Health. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ "Kettlebell Sport | Kettlebell Athletica Events". Archived from the original on 2018-08-27. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
- ^ РЕГЛАМЕНТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ОФИЦИАЛЬНЫХ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ СОРЕВНОВАНИЙ МСГС ПО ГИРЕВОМУ СПОРТУ В 2011 ГОДУ Archived 2012-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ХАРАКТЕР И ПРОГРАММА СОРЕВНОВАНИЙ
- ^ McCoy, Jenny. "This Single-Leg Squat Will Strengthen Your Entire Lower Body". SELF. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
- ^ These Are *All* the Muscles You Work with a Kettlebell Swing, retrieved 2018-08-23
- ^ "Intro To Kettlebell Sport Part 6: The Jerk". Kettlebell Kings. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
- ^ C.S.C.S, Trevor Thieme (2021-09-13). "The Key Movement Pattern to Making Your Workouts More Explosive". Men's Health. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ "6 exercises to help you get better at pull-ups". British GQ. 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ Eaves, Ali (2016-10-25). "Try This Workout Next Time You 'Don't Have Time' to Exercise". Men's Health. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ International Union of Kettlebell Lifting.
- ^ "WKSF – World Kettlebell Sport Federation". Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ "1st WKSF european championship 2018 – WKSF". Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ International Girya Sport Federation
- ^ World Kettlebell Club
- ^ "AKA Sport | USA Non-profit Kettlebell Association – Exclusive USA". aka-sport.org. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
- ^ "AIMS – Alliance of Independent Recognized Members of Sports". Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ btcom. "GAISF » Observers". Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ "Code Signatories". World Anti Doping Agency. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ "Home". IKMF World (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ "Kettlebell Sport Competitions | Kettlebell Sport World League". KB World League. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ "Girevoy Sport Union – Inspire, Teach, Compete". Retrieved 2021-12-30.
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