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Keşan

Coordinates: 40°51′10″N 26°38′00″E / 40.85278°N 26.63333°E / 40.85278; 26.63333
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Keşan
Municipality
Keşan is located in Turkey
Keşan
Keşan
Location in Turkey
Keşan is located in Marmara
Keşan
Keşan
Keşan (Marmara)
Coordinates: 40°51′10″N 26°38′00″E / 40.85278°N 26.63333°E / 40.85278; 26.63333
CountryTurkey
ProvinceEdirne
DistrictKeşan
Government
 • MayorMehmet Özcan (CHP)
Population
 (2022)[1]
64,842
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Area code0284
Websitewww.kesan.bel.tr

Keşan (Turkish: [ˈceʃan]; Bulgarian: Кешан; Greek: Κεσσάνη; Byzantine Greek: Ρούσιον, Rusion)[2][3][4][5] is a town in Edirne Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Keşan District.[6] Its population is 64,842 (2022).[1] In the summer its population increases because of an influx of tourists. The mayor is Mehmet Özcan (CHP).[7]

Agriculture and commerce are the two most important sources of income in Keşan. Because of its proximity to Greece, there is a daily flow of tourists in and out of the district. Literacy is 98%.[citation needed] The local music includes gaida, tupan, and hora dance.

History

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Humans have lived there continuously since the 30th century BC. The first inhabitants were the Neolithic peoples and later the Thracians. Many Thracian coins of the Odrysians have been found near Keşan.[8] The city was first attested in 580 BC as part of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace and then came under the rule of the Persian Empire, the Macedonian Empire, the Roman Empire (including i.е. Byzantine Empire), the Bulgarian Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire, again the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire.[9][10] The town lay on the Via Egnatia and was thus mentioned by the geographer Claudius Ptolemy and many others.[11] Throughout its history, the town was referred to as: Zorlanis (and Zerlanis, Zorlanae, Zorlanea), Topiris (and Topir, Topiro, Topirion), Kission (and Kissos, Kissan, Kissupolis), Rusion (and Russa, Roussa, Rossion).[2][3][4][12][13] It was raided by the Kutrigurs in 538 and again in 559 under the leadership of Khan Zabergan. Bulgars and Slavs captured it in 617, 623 and 626, Tervel of Bulgaria in 705 and 717-718, Khan Krum in 813, Tzar Simeon the Great in 896, 913, 921, 922 and 923, Bulgarian rebels in 1040, Tzar Ivan Asen II in 1235-1236, Tzar Michail Shishman in 1328. Here is also the place of the remarkable Battle of Rusion, where Kaloyan of Bulgaria defeated the army of the Latin Empire in 1206.[14] The castle of Rusion is situated on the hill about 4 km southwest of the city center of Keşan and some ruins still exist around (coordinates: 40.826272N 26.679587E) the so-called "Kaletepe" (tur.- Fortress hill).[3][15]

Rusion did not easily fall to the Ottoman Turks. In 1359, the fortress was first held for a short time by Gazi Süleyman Paşa before being permanently annexed by Lala Şahin Paşa in 1362.[4][12] Under the Ottoman Empire, Rusion was renamed to Rusköy (tur. Rus village),[2][13] a name derived from the medieval fortress-town,[3] and later to Keşan (from gr. Kissos, Kissupolis).[16] Keşan belonged to the Galipoli Sanjak, and as such was part of the Rumelia Eyalet and then the Province of the Kapudan Pasha. It was a nahiya center in Enez kaza at first, later it was bound to İpsala kaza. It was transferred to the Eyalet of Edirne in 1530. According to the Ottoman population statistics of 1914, the kaza of Keşan had a total population of 30,644, consisting of 15.371 Greeks, 15.221 Muslims, 51 Armenians and 1 Jew.[17]

Keşan was invaded by the Russians in 1829 and in 1878, by the Bulgarians between 1912 and 1913 (on 14 November 1912, the Bulgarian Hayrabol detachment, commanded by colonel Petar Salabashev,[18] took the town[19] and Tzar Ferdinand resided there for a few days[4]), by the Greeks between 30 of July 1920 and 1922. It was ceded to Republic of Turkey on 19 November 1922. Keşan district reached its present borders after the separation of nahiya of Enez in 1953. A large part of the population are Bulgarian speaking Muslims, immigrants from Bulgaria and Greece, Roma, and Turkmens.[8]

Geography

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Keşan lies in the southern part of Edirne Province, at the intersection of the State roads D.550 (Edirne–Gelibolu) and D.110 (İpsala–Istanbul). The town consists of 11 quarters: Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Yenimahalle, İspatcami, Cumhuriyet, İstasyon, Yenimescit, Aşağızaferiye, Yukarızaferiye, Büyükcami, Paşayiğit and İzzetiye.[20]

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Kenneth M. Setton, Norman P. Zacour, Harry W. Hazard, A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East Wisconsin University Press 1985, p. 545
  3. ^ a b c d Hakan T. Karateke, Evliyā Çelebī’s Journey from Bursa to the Dardanelles and Edirne, From the Fifth Book of the Seyāḥatnāme, Leiden - Boston 2013, p. 197
  4. ^ a b c d Hakan Eşme, Keşan'ın Tarihçesi
  5. ^ История на българите под редакцията на Димитър Зафиров, C 2007, p.151
  6. ^ İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  7. ^ "Keşan Belediyesi / Özgeçmiş".
  8. ^ a b Keşan - Rumeli Balkan Edirne haberleri, Trakya-net.com/
  9. ^ Simeonova, Liliana V., Keşan (Russian) Ortaçağda Via Egnetia’da önemli bir kale, Keşan Sempozyumu (2003 : Keşan). - Keşan, 2006, s.: 252-255
  10. ^ Andreas Külzer, Tabula Imperii Byzantini. vol. 12 (TIB12) Ostthrakien (Eurōpē), Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna 2008, p. 620-622
  11. ^ Miller, Tabula Peutingeriana -
  12. ^ a b Mete ESİN. Keşan Bahânesiyle-1, 20.04.2006
  13. ^ a b Mete ESİN. Keşan Bahânesiyle-2, 20.04.2006
  14. ^ "Проф. дин Николай Овчаров, Цар Калоян отбива Марица заради битка". Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  15. ^ Rusion on Wikimapia
  16. ^ Walter E. Kaegi, Jr., Byzantinische forschungen, Amsterdam 2011, p. 187
  17. ^ Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 170-171
  18. ^ Симеон Радев, Това, което видях от Балканската война, C 1993
  19. ^ Красимир узунов, Генча Начев, Забравената война, 2013
  20. ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  21. ^ „Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 730.
  22. ^ „Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 818.
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