Karl Johnson (virologist)
Karl Johnson |
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Karl M Johnson (14 May 1929 – 10 October 2023) was an American virologist, known for discovering Machupo virus, Hantaan virus, and Ebola virus. He has held key positions in the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.[1][2][3][4][5]
Education and career
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Johnson studied medicine at the University of Rochester, and earned an M.D. and completed his medical residency at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He then worked at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) with respiratory cold viruses.
Johnson moved to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) field laboratory in the Panama Canal Zone, studying hemorrhagic fever agents. His time at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) subsequently the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, led to field work in Africa and Korea, where he established the first completely suited Level-4 laboratory of “special pathogens” for the safe study of viruses capable of infection by the respiratory route. While at the CDC, Johnson’s team isolated and named Ebola virus in Zaire and was instrumental in the discovery of Hantaan virus in Korea, as well as serving as Chief of the Special Pathogens Branch, Virology Division. He has heavily contributed to the tropical virology field.
In 1981, he left the CDC to work for the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases as the Program Director of Hazardous Viruses.
He has also served as an adjunct professor of Medicine and biology at the University of New Mexico, where his energy is focused on hantaviral disease and ecology.
Naming the viruses
[edit]Johnson is credited with naming the Ebola virus. In an attempt to avoid stigmatization of communities, he sought alternate names that would give geographical relations, but would not directly name specific communities. He named the Ebola virus after a river near the Yambuku community in Northern Zaire, in which the virus was originally found - the Ebola river.[6]
Awards and honors
[edit]In 2005 he received the Walter Reed Medal from the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.[7] Johnson was the 2011 recipient of the Ed Nowakowski Senior Memorial Clinical Virology Award.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Pioneer in Zoonotic Virology to be 2011 CVMBS Pfizer Distinguished Lecturer".
- ^ "How Ebola's discovery was wrongly credited to one researcher". 14 July 2016.
- ^ Garrett, Laurie (18 August 2015). "Ebola's Lessons". Foreign Affairs. 94 (September/October 2015) – via www.foreignaffairs.com.
- ^ "Ebola Was Seen For The First Time 38 Years Ago". 13 October 2014.
- ^ "Dr. Karl Mckibben Johnson - View Obituary & Service Information". Dr. Karl Mckibben Johnson Obituary. Retrieved 2024-04-02.
- ^ Haglage, Abby (14 September 2014). "The Original Ebola Hunter". The Daily Beast.
- ^ "ASTMH - Walter Reed Medal". www.astmh.org. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ^ http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.pascv.org/resource/resmgr/Clinical_Virology_Awards/2011_Karl_M._Johnson.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- Zoonotic Diseases—An Interview with Karl M. Johnson, M.D.[1]
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- ^ Johnson, K. M. (2001). "Zoonotic Diseases—An Interview with Karl M. Johnson, M.D." Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 1 (3): 243–248. doi:10.1089/153036601753552611. PMID 12653153.