Kansai Collegiate American Football League
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Founded | 1941 |
---|---|
Sports fielded |
|
No. of teams | 53 |
Region | Kansai, Japan |
Official website | www |
The Kansai Collegiate American Football League (関西学生アメリカンフットボール連盟) is an American college football league made up of fifty-three colleges and universities in the Kansai region of Japan.
Overview
[edit]The Kansai League is a major college football league in West Japan. The league is divided into three divisions.
The winner of the league receives an automatic bid to the college football playoffs.
Member Schools
[edit]Source:[1]
Division 1
[edit]Division 1 is the highest level in the Kansai league. The winner from Division 1 goes on to play for the West Japan title.
Block A
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ritsumeikan University | 立命館大学 | Kyoto, Kyoto | 1900 | Private | 35,855[2] | Panthers[3] | Maroon and White |
Kobe University | 神戸大学 | Kobe, Japan | 1949 | National | 16,080[4] | Ravens[5] | Red and Black |
Kindai University | 近畿大学 | Higashiosaka, Osaka | 1925 | Private | 34,497[6] | Big Blue, Devils[7] | Navy & White |
Momoyama Gakuin University | 桃山学院大学 | Izumi, Osaka | 1884 | Private | ~7,000[8] | Thundering Legion Lions[9] |
Royal blue & White |
B Block
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kwansei Gakuin University | 関西学院大学 | Nishinomiya, Hyōgo | 1889 | Private | 25,505[10] | Fighters[11] | Blue, White & Yellow |
Kansai University | 関西大学 | Suita, Osaka | 1886 | Private | 29,593[12] | Kaisers[13] | Blue & Gold |
Kyoto University | 京都大学 | Kyoto, Kyoto | 1897 | Public | 22,615[14] | Gangsters[15] | Green and White |
Doshisha University | 同志社大学 | Kyoto, Kyoto | 1875 | Private | 28,016[16] | Wild Rover[17] | White and Purple |
Division 2
[edit]A Block
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ryukoku University | 龍谷大学 | Kyoto, Kyoto | 1639 | Private | 20,377[18] | Seahorse | Purple & Black |
Kobe Gakuin University | 神戸学院大学 | Kobe, Hyogo | 1966 | Private | 2,702[19] | Navy Seals[20] | Navy & Gold |
Osaka Kyoiku University | 大阪教育大学 | Kashiwara, Osaka | 1949 | National | 4,359[21] | Dragons[22] | Maroon & White |
University of Hyogo | 兵庫県立大学 | Chuo-ku, Kobe | 2004 | Public | 6,542[23] | Trail Blazers[24] | Navy & White |
B Block
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Konan University | 甲南大学 | Higashinada-ku, Kobe | 1951 | Private | 8,889[25] | Red Gang[26] | Red & White |
Kyoto Sangyo University | 京都産業大学 | Kita-ku, Kyoto | 1965 | Private | 14,511[27] | Sagittarius[28] | Blue & White |
Osaka University | 大阪大学 | Suita, Osaka | 1724 | Public | 23,226[29] | Tridents | Blue |
Osaka Prefecture University | 大阪府立大学 | Sakai, Osaka | 1883 | Public | 7,705[30] | Shrikes[31] | Blue & White |
Division 3
[edit]A Block
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osaka Sangyo University | 大阪産業大学 | Daito, Osaka | 1923 | Private | 10,238 | Lions | |
University of Tokushima | 徳島大学 | Tokushima, Tokushima | 1949 | National | Pirates | ||
Tottori University | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | Tottori, Tottori | 1949 | National | 6,354 | Rakers |
B Block
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kyoto Tech | 京都工芸繊維大学 | Kyoto, Kyoto | 1949 | National | Cougars | ||
Okayama University | 岡山大学 | Okayama, Okayama | 1870 | National | 14,035 | Badgers | |
Otemon Gakuin University | 追手門学院大学 | Ibaraki, Osaka | 1888 | Private | Soldiers |
C Block
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | 大阪体育大学 | Kumatori, Osaka | 1965 | Private | Spartans | ||
Hannan University | 阪南大学 | Matsubara, Osaka | 1965 | Private | 5,116 | Fighting Bears | |
Wakayama University | 和歌山大学 | Wakayama, Wakayama | 1949 | National | 4,090 | Blind Sharks |
D Block
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shiga University | 滋賀大学 | Ōtsu, Shiga | 1949 | National | 4,114 | Gladiators | |
Osaka City University | 大阪市立大学 | Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka | 1880 | Public | 8,616 | Golden Cedars | |
Osaka University of Economics | 大阪経済大学 | Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka | 1932 | Private | 7,549 | Bombers |
Division 4
[edit]Block A
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kansai Gaidai | 関西外国語大学 | Hirakata, Osaka | 1945 | Private | 14,000 | Lynx | |
Bukkyo University | 佛教大学 | Kita-ku, Kyoto | 1912 | Private | Hawks | ||
University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences | 流通科学大学 | Kobe, Hyōgo | 1988 | Private | Voyagers |
Block B
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Setsunan University | 摂南大学 | Neyagawa, Osaka | 1922 | Private | Blue Crush | ||
Osaka Electro-Communication University | 大阪電気通信大学 | Neyagawa, Osaka | 1924 | Private | Black Angels | ||
Osaka Gakuin University | 大阪学院大学 | Suita, Osaka | 1963 | Private | Phoenix |
Open
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kyoto Pharmaceutical University | 京都薬科大学 | Kyoto, Kyoto | 1884 | Private | Scarlet Knights |
Six Player
[edit]Block A
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tenri University | 天理大学 | Tenri, Nara | 1925 | Private (Tenrikyo) |
Crushing Orcs | ||
Osaka University of Economics and Law | 大阪経済法科大学 | Yao, Osaka | 1971 | Private | Blue Thunder | ||
Kyoto Prefectural University | 京都府立大学 | Sakyō-ku, Kyoto | 1895 | Public | Wyverns |
Block B
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Otani University | 大谷大学 | Kita-ku, Kyoto | 1901 | Private (Buddhist) |
Bandits | ||
Osaka Tech | 大阪工業大学 | Asahi-ku, Osaka | 1922 | Private | Rowdies | ||
Kyoto Gakuen University | 京都学園大学 | Kameoka, Kyoto | 1925 | Private | Dare Devils |
Open
[edit]Institution | 日本語 | Location | Founded | Type | Enrollment | Nickname | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kyoto University of Education | 京都教育大学 | Kyoto, Kyoto | 1949 | National | Grampus | ||
Tezukayama University | 帝塚山大学 | Nara, Nara | 1941 | Private | 4,609 | Bisons |
Year-by-Year Standings
[edit]Division 1
[edit]Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1941 | Kansai | Kwansei Gakuin | Doshisha | Kansai OB | ||||
1942 | Kansai | Doshisha | Kwansei Gakuin | |||||
1943 | DID NOT PLAY | |||||||
1944 | DID NOT PLAY | |||||||
1945 | DID NOT PLAY | |||||||
1946 | Doshisha | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | |||||
1947 | Kansai | Doshisha | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | ||||
1948 | Kansai Kwansei Gakuin |
Doshisha | Kyoto | |||||
1949 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Kansai | Doshisha | ||||
1950 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Doshisha | Kyoto | ||||
1951 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Doshisha | Kyoto | ||||
1952 | Kwansei Gakuin | Doshisha | Kansai | Kyoto | ||||
1953 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | ||||
1954 | Kwansei Gakuin | Doshisha | Kansai | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | |||
1955 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | |||
1956 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Doshisha | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Konan | ||
1957 | Kwansei Gakuin | Doshisha | Kansai | Konan | Ritsumeikan | |||
1958 | Kwansei Gakuin | Doshisha | Konan | Kansai | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | ||
1959 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Konan | Doshisha | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | ||
1960 | Kwansei Gakuin | Konan | Doshisha | Kansai | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | ||
1961 | Kwansei Gakuin | Konan | Doshisha | Kansai | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | ||
1962 | Kwansei Gakuin | Konan | Kansai | Kyoto | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | ||
1963 | Kwansei Gakuin | Konan | Doshisha | Kyoto | Kansai | Ritsumeikan | ||
1964 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Konan | Kyoto | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | ||
1965 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Konan | Kyoto | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | ||
1966 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Kyoto | Konan | Ritsumeikan | Doshisha | ||
1967 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Kyoto | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | Konan | Kinki | |
1968 | Kwansei Gakuin | Doshisha | Kansai | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Konan | Kinki | |
1969 | Kwansei Gakuin | Doshisha | Kansai | Kyoto | Konan | Kinki | Ritsumeikan | |
1970 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Kansai | Momoyama Gakuin | Kinki | Konan | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan |
1971 | Kwansei Gakuin | Konan | Kyoto | Kansai | Otemon Gakuin | Momoyama Gakuin | Kinki | Doshisha |
1972 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Konan | Kansai | Kinki | Osaka | Momoyama Gakuin | Otemon Gakuin |
1973 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Kansai | Osaka | Momoyama Gakuin | Konan | Kinki | Otemon Gakuin |
1974 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Kinki | Konan | Osaka | Momoyama Gakuin | Kansai | Otemon Gakuin |
1975 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Kansai | Kinki | Konan | Momoyama Gakuin | Otemon Gakuin | Osaka |
1976 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Kansai | Kinki | Otemon Gakuin | Konan | Momoyama Gakuin | Osaka |
1977 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Doshisha | Kinki | Kansai | Momoyama Gakuin | Konan | Otemon Gakuin |
1978 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Kinki | Kansai | Doshisha | Osaka University of Economics | Konan | Momoyama Gakuin |
1979 | Kwansei Gakuin Doshisha |
Kansai | Kyoto | Kinki | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Osaka University of Economics | Kobe Gakuin | |
1980 | Kwansei Gakuin Kinki |
Kyoto | Doshisha | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kansai | Ritsumeikan | Kobe | |
1981 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kinki | Kobe | Doshisha | Kansai | Ritsumeikan |
1982 | Kyoto | Kwansei Gakuin | Kinki | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kobe | Doshisha | Okayama | Kansai |
1983 | Kyoto | Kwansei Gakuin | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Doshisha | Kinki | Osaka City | Kobe | Ritsumeikan |
1984 | Kwansei Gakuin Kinki |
Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kyoto | Kobe | Ritsumeikan | Doshisha | Osaka City | |
1985 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kinki | Kobe | Chukyo | Doshisha |
1986 | Kyoto | Kwansei Gakuin | Kinki | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | Kobe | Osaka |
1987 | Kyoto | Kwansei Gakuin | Kinki | Doshisha | Ritsumeikan | Konan | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kansai |
1988 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Doshisha | Kinki | Kobe | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Konan |
1989 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kinki | Ritsumeikan | Doshisha | Kyoto | Kobe | Kyoto Sangyo | Konan |
1990 | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Kobe | Doshisha | Kinki | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Kyoto Sangyo |
1991 | Kwansei Gakuin Kyoto |
Ritsumeikan | Doshisha | Kobe | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kansai | Kinki | |
1992 | Kyoto | Kwansei Gakuin | Kobe | Ritsumeikan | Doshisha | Kansai | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kyoto Sangyo |
1993 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Kobe | Kinki | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences | Kansai | Doshisha |
1994 | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | Kwansei Gakuin | Kinki | Konan | Kyoto Sangyo | Kobe | Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences |
1995 | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Kwansei Gakuin | Konan | Kinki | Kansai | Doshisha | Kyoto Sangyo |
1996 | Kyoto Ritsumeikan Kwansei Gakuin |
Kinki | Konan | Osaka Sangyo | Doshisha | Kansai | ||
1997 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | Kinki | Kobe | Osaka Sangyo | Konan | Kansai |
1998 | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | Kwansei Gakuin | Kinki | Kansai | Kobe | Osaka Sangyo | Doshisha |
1999 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | Konan | Kobe | Kinki | Osaka Sangyo | Kansai |
2000 | Kwansei Gakuin | Kyoto | Ritsumeikan | Konan | Kobe | Doshisha | Kinki | Osaka Sangyo |
2001 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | Kinki | Kobe | Konan | Doshisha | Osaka Sangyo |
2002 | Ritsumeikan | Kwansei Gakuin | Kinki | Kyoto | Kobe | Konan | Doshisha | Osaka Sangyo |
2003 | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | Kinki | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Doshisha | Kobe | Konan |
2004 | Ritsumeikan Kwansei Gakuin |
Kansai | Kyoto | Kobe | Ryukoku | Kinki | Doshisha | |
2005 | Ritsumeikan | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Doshisha | Kyoto | Kinki | Kobe | Ryukoku |
2006 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kyoto | Kansai | Kobe | Doshisha | Kinki | Osaka Sangyo |
2007 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kansai | Kyoto | Kinki | Kobe | Ryukoku | Doshisha |
2008 | Ritsumeikan | Kwansei Gakuin | Kobe | Kyoto | Kansai | Konan | Kinki | Doshisha |
2009 | Kansai | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Doshisha | Konan | Kyoto | Kobe | Kinki |
2010 | Ritsumeikan Kwansei Gakuin Kansai |
Kyoto | Kobe | Konan | Doshisha | Kinki | ||
2011 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kansai | Kyoto | Ryukoku | Kobe | Doshisha | Konan |
2012 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kansai | Kyoto | Kobe | Kinki | Ryukoku | Doshisha |
2013 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kansai | Kyoto | Ryukoku | Kinki | Kobe | Osaka Kyoiku |
2014 | Kwansei Gakuin | Ritsumeikan | Kansai | Kinki | Kobe | Ryukoku | Kyoto | Doshisha |
2015 | Ritsumeikan | Kwansei Gakuin | Kansai | Kyoto | Kobe | Ryukoku | Kinki | Momoyama Gakuin |
Conference championships
[edit]Division 1 champions
[edit]Season | Champion |
---|---|
1946 | Doshisha |
1947 | Kansai |
1948 | Kansai |
Kwansei Gakuin | |
1949 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1950 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1951 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1952 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1953 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1954 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1955 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1956 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1957 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1958 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1959 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1960 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1961 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1962 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1963 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1964 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1965 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1966 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1967 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1968 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1969 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1970 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1971 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1972 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1973 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1974 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1975 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1976 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1977 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1978 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1979 | Kwansei Gakuin |
Doshisha | |
1980 | Kwansei Gakuin |
Kinki | |
1981 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1982 | Kyoto |
1983 | Kyoto |
1984 | Kwansei Gakuin |
Kinki | |
1985 | Kinki |
1986 | Kyoto |
1987 | Kyoto |
1988 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1989 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1990 | Kyoto |
1991 | Kwansei Gakuin |
Kyoto | |
1992 | Kyoto |
1993 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1994 | Ritsumeikan |
1995 | Kyoto |
1996 | Kwansei Gakuin |
Kyoto | |
Ritsumeikan | |
1997 | Kwansei Gakuin |
1998 | Ritsumeikan |
1999 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2000 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2001 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2002 | Ritsumeikan |
2003 | Ritsumeikan |
2004 | Kwansei Gakuin |
Ritsumeikan | |
2005 | Ritsumeikan |
2006 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2007 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2008 | Ritsumeikan |
2009 | Kansai |
2010 | Kwansei Gakuin |
Kansai | |
Ritsumeikan | |
2011 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2012 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2013 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2014 | Kwansei Gakuin |
2015 | Ritsumeikan |
Relegation
[edit]At the end of every season, there are two relegation games. The two worst teams of Division 1 play the top two teams of Division 2. If the Division 1 team wins their game, they remain in Division 1. However, if they lose, they will be realigned to Division 2 and the team that beat them will be realigned to Division one for the following season.
2013
[edit]Date | Division 1 | Division 2 | Relegation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 12, 2013 | Kobe | 42 | Ōsaka Prefecture | 0 | No relegation |
December 12, 2013 | Ōsaka Kyoiku | 9 | Doshisha | 24 | Doshisha --> Division 1 Ōsaka Kyoiku --> Division 2 |
2014
[edit]Date | Division 1 | Division 2 | Outcome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 7, 2014 | Kyoto | 52 | Ōtemon Gakuin | 0 | No relegation |
December 7, 2014 | Doshisha | 14 | Momoyama Gakuin | 31 | Doshisha --> Division 2 Momoyama --> Division 1 |
2015
[edit]Date | Division 1 | Division 2 | Outcome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 6, 2015 | Kinki | 17 | Doshisha | 21 | Doshisha --> Division 1 Kinki --> Division 2 |
December 6, 2015 | Momoyama Gakuin | 3 | Konan | 9 | Konan --> Division 1 Momoyama Gakuin --> Division 2 |
References
[edit]- ^ "Kansai Collegiate American Football League". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "2019 General Data - Facts and Figures - The Ritsumeikan Trust".
- ^ "Ritsumeikan Panthers Football".
- ^ Facts and Figures / KOBE UNIVERSITY
- ^ "Kobe University American Football Team".
- ^ "Total Number - KINDAI Facts - Kindai University". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "KINDAI BIG BLUE".
- ^ "Message from the University President". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "St.Andrews University Thundering Legion Lions".
- ^ "Overview of Kwansei Gakuin". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "KG Fighters Football".
- ^ "在籍学生数". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Kansai Kaisers".
- ^ https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sites/default/files/inline-files/3.facts_and_figures2021_2022-5918a4ad800ba53fb6c5516d028aef19.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Gangsters Football".
- ^ "Number of students / faculty". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Wildrover Football".
- ^ "Facts & Figures". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Student Data - Kobe Gakuin University". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Navy Seals".
- ^ "Number of Students - Osaka Kyoiku University". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Osaka Kyoiku Dragons Football".
- ^ "Student capacity table - University of Hyogo". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "TRAILBLAZERS".
- ^ The number of students enrolled in 2020
- ^ "Red Gang Football".
- ^ "Capacity and Enrollment Information" (PDF).
- ^ "Kyoto Sangyo University American Football Club".
- ^ "大阪大学プロフィール" (PDF) (in Japanese). 大阪大学 企画部 広報課. 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Statistics - Overview - About OPU". Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "OPU American Football".