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Kang Hye-jung (filmmaker)

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For the South Korean actress, see Kang Hye-jung.
In this Korean name, the family name is Kang.

Kang Hye-jung
강혜정
Born1970 (age 53–54)
South Korea
EducationDepartment of Home Economics Education
at Korea University
Occupation(s)Filmmaker, Producer
Years active1995–present
EmployerFilmmaker R&K
Spouse
​
(m. 1998)​
Children3
RelativesRyoo Seung-bum (Brother in law)
Korean name
Hangul
강혜정
Revised RomanizationGang Hyejeong
McCune–ReischauerKang Hyejŏng

Kang Hye-jung (Korean: 강혜정; born 1970) is a South Korean filmmaker and entertainment executive. She is the CEO of the film production house company Filmmaker R&K, which was established in 2005 with director Ryoo Seung-wan. Her notable works are mostly directed by Ryoo Seung-wan, like Veteran (2015), The Battleship Island (2017), Escape from Mogadishu (2021) and Smugglers (2023), as well as projects from other directors such as Exit (2019) and Hostage: Missing Celebrity (2021).

Early life

[edit]

Kang Hye-jung was born in 1970. Her parents had hoped she would become a teacher, so she enrolled in the Department of Home Economics Education at Korea University. During her college years, she was an student activist. She found the film club, 'Stone Light,' cumbersome as they constantly carried cameras for filming demonstration. Never interested in the film club, she never imagined that she would work in the film industry. After graduating in February 1993 and working as a teacher for a while, Kang realized that teaching was not the right path for her.[1][2][3]

Career

[edit]

Early career

[edit]

In May 1993, Kang stumbled upon a notice for a film workshop at the Independent Film Council. Intrigued, she paid the 300,000 won tuition fee and joined the 5th batch, embarking on a three-month journey into the world of filmmaking. During this time, she met Ryoo Seung-wan, a former student from the 3rd batch who was now an assistant instructor at the workshop. Their relationship evolved romantically as they collaborated on her workshop film project.[4][5][6]

Kang sought feedback from film critic Kim Young-jin, who gave harsh criticism. Kang responded with a determined attitude, saying, "We'll wait and see." At that time, Ryoo Seung-wan was a promising new talent who had been developing scenarios for a decade. Kang decided to give it a 10-year trial period and move on if it didn't succeed. Between Kang began his journey by working part-time writing movie leaflets at Core Art Hall. She also worked part time tutoring students, and even mentoring Ryoo Seung-bum during his middle school years.[3][6][7]

In 1995, she joined a film company in Chungmuro, called "Movie Room" under CEO Joo Pil-ho and started promoting foreign movies.[3] She was part of the production department for Lim Jong-jae's film Kill the Love.[1][2]

In 1996, She joined the film company Cinema Service during the production of Two Cops 3 [ko] where she worked closely with film producer Kim Mi-hee [ko].[3]

In 1996, Kang invested her own savings in director Ryoo Seung-wan's short film debut, "Transmutated Head." At that time, she was the youngest member of the production department, while director Ryoo Seung-wan was the youngest in the directing field.[3][5]

In 2000, Kang joined Good Movies Co., Ltd. led co-CEO and film producer Kim Mi-hee [ko] as the youngest member of the production department. She started as producer by working on director Byun Young-joo's film Ardor. Despite her lack of experience and young age, Kang was determined to learn the ropes of film production. Producer Kim Mi-hee encouraged her to understand the field thoroughly if she wanted to become a producer. Her initial tasks were challenging, such as picking up cigarette butts on set and managing traffic from a distance. People even mistook her actions for dancing. After long hours of work, she was rewarded with food and 30 cans of film to transport. Alone on a late-night bus ride with the heavy load, Kang reflected on the hard work and dedication required to make movies, realizing the significant human effort involved in the process.[3]

While working at the company, Kang was also involved in the marketing of director Ryoo Seung-wan's film No Blood No Tears, but she chose not to handle its promotion directly. Kang believed it was a strategic move to delegate the promotion to someone who could offer a neutral perspective.[7][8] In 2004, she served as the producer for director Byun Young-joo's film Flying Boys. This project marked her last work with the company. In 2005, Kang made the decision to resign from her position when she became pregnant with her third child.[3]

As producer and CEO of Filmmaker R&K

[edit]

In 2005, Kang and Ryoo Seung-wan used the bonus from the film Arahan as capital to establish their own film company.[9] They named the company Oeyunaegang (Korean: 외유내강; Hanja: 外柔內剛; RR: Oeyunaegang) with Filmmaker R&K as their official English name, derived from their surnames. The name was actually created when they collaborated on their first short film in 1996. The Chinese characters of the name literally translate to "soft on the outside, strong on the inside." This phrase also symbolizes that Ryoo serves as the external face of the company, while Kang takes on the role of an internal leader.[10][11] Kang has been the CEO since the company's establishment. Director Ryoo Seung-wan focused on directing films, Kang took charge of the overall production aspects.[5]

After giving birth, Kang produced Filmmaker R&K's first film, The City of Violence (2006), a South Korean action thriller film co-written and directed by Ryoo Seung-wan, who stars in the film alongside action director and longtime collaborator Jung Doo-hong.[12][13][14][15]

Kang's second film, Dachimawa Lee, was released in South Korea on August 13, 2008. The movie was based on an internet version of "Tachima and Lee" that had gained 1.2 million views in 2000. Despite the popularity of the internet version, the theatrical release in 2008 failed to attract audiences and performed poorly at the box office. By September, 2008, the film had only garnered a total of 629,591 admissions and grossed US$3,715,997.[16] Kang faced financial difficulties that made it hard to pay the office rent, resulting in the cancellation of the deposit and a threat of eviction. Kang had to remove the office furniture but couldn't afford storage. Luckily, the Yangsu-ri filming studio offered an empty room to help Kang out.[1][2]

Kang left her home in Yangsu-ri and moved with her mother and children to a large house she purchased in the secluded mountains of Toechon in Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do. Shortly afterwards, she took a part-time job at the Korea Tourism Organization. Kang was then offered a commercial project featuring Chinese actors exploring Korea, which was exclusively aired in China. The earnings from creating four of these commercial shorts were used to settle outstanding salaries for her employees. Soon, Motorola expressed interest in a cinematic promotion for their 2G phone, Classic. Kang collaborated with Ryoo Seung-wan to create a short film for this purpose.[1][2]

Meanwhile, director Ryoo Seung-wan wanted to make film again, prompting Kang to rent an office space. Kang also worked as producer in the film Troubleshooter [ko], starring Sol Kyung-gu and directed by newcomer Kwon Hyuk-jae.[1] Kwon Hyuk-jae has the experience of winning the grand prize in the action thriller category at the Mise-en-scène Film Festival for The Short Art of War and is an action fanatic who worked as an assistant director on Arahan, Crying Fist and Dachimawa Lee.[17] Kang managed to secure MoU with Daejeon City and the Daejeon Film Commission to support the production of the film.[18]

Kang's return to success with The Unjust, received critical acclaim for its gripping narrative, action scenes, social commentary, and stellar performances by Hwang Jung-min and Ryoo Seung-beom. It was a box office hit, selling over 2.7 million tickets and ranking in the top ten for year.[19][20]

Kang then produced The Berlin File, written and directed by Ryoo Seung-wan. This espionage thriller follows a North Korean spy betrayed during a weapons deal. To prepare for the film, Ryoo Seung-wan met with North Korean defectors and filmed the documentary *Spies* for Korean broadcaster MBC.[21] The film, shot in Europe, focuses on South Korean agents uncovering North Korea's secrets and explores the emotional toll of espionage. Despite becoming the highest-grossing Korean action film, attracting 13.41 million viewers. It barely broke even due to its high budget of 5.9 billion won. This experience led them to recognize the need to target younger audiences and make more cost-effective films in the future.[22][23]

In 2015, Kang served as a producer for the action film Veteran, again written and directed by Ryoo Seung-wan. The film tells the story of a ruthless third-generation business tycoon pursued by a detective investigating a truck driver's mysterious injuries. Despite its modest budget of ₩6 billion, Veteran became a huge success in the South Korean box office, with 13.3 million admissions and earning US$89.7 million. It stands as the biggest hit of Kang's career and ranks as the 5th all-time highest-grossing film in Korean cinema history.[24] The film brought Kang significant success and established her reputation as one of the leading female film producers in her 40s.[25][5]

Their next project was together The Battleship Island, set on Hashima Island, an outlying island abandoned by Japan off the coast of Nagasaki, where countless Koreans were drafted into forced labor during World War II. The film follows a group of American OSS agents and Korean independence fighters on a mission to evacuate a key Korean figure from the island.[26] The film's total production cost was 25 billion won.[8]

Initially, Filmmaker R&K primarily focused on producing director Ryoo Seung-wan's films. However, over time, the company has expanded its efforts to discover new directors.[27][28] In 2017, Filmmaker R&K established a joint production system with Film K starting with The Battleship Island. Followed by On Your Wedding Day and Svaha: The Sixth Finger.[29]

Also in 2019, filmmaker R&K released the action comedy film Exit, written and directed by Lee Sang-geun as his first feature film debut, and starring Jo Jong-suk and Im Yoon-ah.[30] Exit also marks Im Yoon-ah's first leading role in a film and is also the second film in her acting career after appearing as a supporting role in Confidential Assignment in 2017.[31] The story follows a man trying to reconnect with an old crush, but they end up fleeing from a mysterious gas threatening Seoul district. Exit first premiered in South Korea on July 31, 2019.[32] It was South Korea's third most-watched domestic film of the year, as it sold more than 9.4 million admissions domestically. It was also a worldwide box office success, earning over US$69.5 million.[33][34]

Due to commercial success of Svaha: The Sixth Finger and Exit, Kang won the 'Female Filmmaker of the Year' award at The 2019 Women's Film Festival, hosted by the Women Filmmakers Association.[35][36][37]

In 2021, director Ryoo Seung-wan's Escape from Mogadishu and Hwang Jung-min's Hostage, which were released in July and August, were released one after another at three-week intervals as works produced by Filmmaker R&K.[28] Kang produced Escape from Mogadishu, a film based on real events of the Somali Civil War in the 1990s. It depicted details of perilous escape attempt made by North and South Korean embassy personnel stranded during the conflict.[38] The film made with production cost of ₩24 billion was entirely shot in Morocco.[39] It was selected as the South Korean entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards.[40]

Personal life

[edit]

In May 1993, Kang attended a three-month filmmaking workshop at the Independent Film Council, where she met Ryoo Seung-wan, who was working as an assistant. They began dating after collaborating on a movie project. Kang was immediately drawn to Ryu's passion for movies, which stood out to her despite the challenges she faced in her life. Despite Ryu's rough exterior, his enthusiasm for filmmaking always shone through, making him special to Kang. "His genuine heart and love for movies captured me completely," Kang reminisced.[5][6]

In 1997, after four years of dating, Kang married Ryoo Seung-wan in a modest Ceremony. Kang faced opposition from her father and her boss, Kim Mi-hee, when she announced her decision to marry Ryu. They did not accept Ryu Seung-wan, a high school graduate and aspiring film director, as a suitable match for Kang at first.[3][5]

The couple now has three children. As of 2017, their eldest daughter is in the third grade of high school, while their two sons are in the second grade of middle school and the sixth grade of elementary school.[2][7]

Filmography

[edit]
For Kang's works with Filmmaker R&K, see Filmmaker R&K § Filmography.

Short

[edit]
Short film credits[41]
Year Title Director Credited as Ref.
English Korean Investor Producer Planner
1996 Sutda 섰다 - 디지털 단편 옴니버스 프로젝트 이공(異共) Kim Eui-suk — Production Department — [42]
1996 Transmutated Head 변질헤드 Ryoo Seung-wan Investor — [43]
1999 Rumble 패싸움 Investor — [44]
1999 Our Contemporaries 현대인 Investor — [45]
2000 Dachimawa Lee 다찌마와 LEE — Executive Producer — [46]
2006 Hey Man
short film from If You Were Me 2 		남자니까 아시잖아요? — Executive Producer — [47]
2009 Come Visit Korea
KTO mini-movie
  • Korean food
  • Shopping
  • Korean Wave
  • Sophisticated culture
 		한국 놀러오세요
  • 한국의 음식
  • 쇼핑
  • 한류
  • 세련된 문화
 — Executive Producer — [48]
Timeless
MotoKlassic short film 		타임리스 — Executive Producer — [49]
2011 Time
MBC Documentary 		타임 — Executive Producer — [50]
2014 One Summer Night 인생은 새옹지마 Kim Tae-yong — Planner [51]

Feature film

[edit]
Feature film credits[41]
Year Title Director Credited as Ref.
English Korean Marketing Producer Planner
1996 Kill the Love 그들만의 세상 Im Jong-jae — Production Department — [52]
1997 Blackjack [ko] 블랙잭 Chung Ji-young — Production Department — [53]
1998 Two Cops III [ko] 투캅스 3 Kim Sang-jin Other crew — [54]
1998 Too Tired to Die 투 타이어드 투 다이 Chin Won-suk Marketing — [55]
1999 The Ring Virus 링 (링 바이러스) Kim Dong-bin Marketing — [56]
1999 Rainbow Trout [ko] 송어 Park Jong-won — Production Department — [57]
2000 General Hospital, The Movie: 1000 Days [ko] 종합병원 (천일동안) Choi Youn-seok Marketing — [58]
2000 Die Bad 죽거나 혹은 나쁘거나 Ryoo Seung-wan — Planner [59]
2001 Last Present 선물 Oh Ki-wan [ko] Marketing — [60]
2001 Kick the Moon 신라의 달밤 Kim Sang-jin Marketing — [61]
2002 Ardor 밀애 Byun Young-joo — Production Department — [62]
2002 No Blood No Tears 피도 눈물도 없이 Ryoo Seung-wan Marketing — [63]
2002 Fun Movie [ko] 재밌는 영화 Jang Kyu-sung Marketing — [64]
2004 He Was Cool 그놈은 멋있었다 Lee Hwan-kyung Marketing — [65]
2004 Flying Boys 발레교습소 Byun Young-joo — Production Department — [66]
2006 The City of Violence 짝패 Ryoo Seung-wan — Executive Producer — [67]
2008 Dachimawa Lee 다찌마와 리: 악인이여 지옥행 급행열차를 타라! — Executive Producer — [68]
2010 Troubleshooter [ko] 해결사 Kwon Hyuk-jae — Executive Producer — [69]
The Unjust 부당거래 Ryoo Seung-wan — Executive Producer — [70]
2013 The Berlin File 베를린 Ryoo Seung-wan — Executive Producer Planner [71]
2015 Veteran 베테랑 Ryoo Seung-wan — Executive Producer — [72]
2016 Misbehavior 여교사 Kim Tae-yong — Executive Producer — [73]
2017 The Battleship Island 군함도 Ryoo Seung-wan — Planner [74]
2017 On Your Wedding Day 너의 결혼식 Lee Seok-geun — Executive Producer Planner [75][76]
2019 Svaha: The Sixth Finger 사바하 Jang Jae-hyun — Executive Producer — [77]
Exit 엑시트 Lee Sang Geun — Executive Producer — [78]
Start-Up 시동 Choi Jung-yeol — Executive Producer Planner [79]
2021 Escape from Mogadishu 모가디슈 Ryoo Seung-wan — Executive Producer — [80]
Hostage: Missing Celebrity 인질 Pil Kam-sung — Executive Producer Planner [81]
2023 Smugglers 밀수 Ryoo Seung-wan — Executive Producer — [82]
2024 Dr. Cheon and Lost Talisman 천박사 퇴마 연구소: 설경의 비밀 Kim Seong-sik — Executive Producer — [83]
2024 I, the Executioner 베테랑 2 Ryoo Seung-wan — Executive Producer Planner [84]

Accolades

[edit]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Award Year Category Recipient(s) Result Ref.
55th Baeksang Arts Awards 2019 Best Film Svaha: The Sixth Finger Nominated [85]
56th Baeksang Arts Awards 2020 Best Film Exit Nominated [86][87]
Bechdel Day 2024 2024 Bechdelian of the Year (Film Category) Smugglers Won [88]
40th Blue Dragon Film Awards 2019 Best Picture Exit Nominated [89]
[90]
[91]
22nd Far East Film Festival 2020 White Mulberry Award as Best First Film Won [92]
56th Grand Bell Awards Best Planning Nominated [93][94]
39th Korean Association of Film Critics Awards 2019 Critics' Top 10 Won [95]
2019 Women's Filmmaker of the Year Award Filmmaker Award Kang Hye-jeong
for Svaha: The Sixth Finger and Exit 		Won [96]

State honors

[edit]
Name of country, year given, and name of honor
Country Award Ceremony Year Honor Ref.
South Korea 7th Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards[note 1] 2017 Prime Minister's Commendation [97][98]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Honors are given at the Korean Content Awards (대한민국 콘텐츠 대상) arranged by the Korea Creative Content Agency and hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The 2022 Korea Content Awards Ceremony , which started in 2009 and celebrated its 14th this year, aims to inspire pride in the content industry and develop the Korean cultural content industry by discovering and awarding contributors and excellent content that have contributed to the development of the content industry in 2022. It is a place to promote. The winners (works) of honor, which are recommended through the website of the Korea Creative Content Agency (www.kocca.kr) and announced through careful examination by experts and three-step verification, play a leading role in shining the Korean content industry in the world.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "강혜정 외유내강 대표" [Kang Hye-jung, CEO of Filmmaker R&K]. Dong-A Ilbo via Naver (in Korean). Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e "강혜정 외유내강 대표" [Kang Hye-jung, CEO of Oe-yu-nae-gang]. Woman DongA (in Korean). August 24, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Choi, Sung-yeol (March 22, 2013). "[강혜정] 믿음, 소망, 사랑 그중 제일은 영화" [[Kang Hye-jung] Faith, hope, love, the best movie among them]. Cine21 via Naver (in Korean). Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  4. ^ "국민대학교 웹진 uniK[vol.32] :: [멘토데이트II] 영화사 외유내강 대표, 베를린 제작 영화제작자 강혜정" [Kookmin University Webzine uniK[vol.32] :: [Mento Date II] CEO of the film company Oeyu Nae Kang, filmmaker Kang Hye-jung, producer in Berlin]. webzine.kookmin.ac.kr (in Korean). Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Kang Min-jung. "최동훈·안수현, 류승완·강혜정..'암살'·'베테랑'이 터트린 부부의 잭팟" [Choi Dong-hoon, Ahn Soo-hyun, Ryu Seung-wan, Kang Hye-jung..' The couple's jackpot exploded by the 'Assassination' and 'Veteran']. entertain.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c "외유내강! 우리는 영원한 '짝패'부부^^" [Oe-yu-nae-gang! We are a 'partner' couple forever^^]. Sports Korea (in Korean). May 17, 2006. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c Kim, Si-kyun (August 2, 2017). ""영화로 자주 다퉈도 서로에게 버팀목 아이가 셋이라 각방 쓸 공간 없어요"" ["Even if we often arressed about movies, there is no room for each room because there are three children who support each other."]. entertain.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  8. ^ a b Kim, Hee-sun (August 15, 2017). "올여름 스크린 주름잡는 여성 영화제작자 3인방" [Three female filmmakers wreaping screens this summer]. m.entertain.naver.com. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  9. ^ "[인터뷰] '군함도' 류승완 감독♥강혜정 제작사 대표, 그들이 부부로 사는 법". 스포츠동아 (in Korean). August 7, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  10. ^ Kim, Jin-sun (September 20, 2015). "[M+영화愛人] 외유내강 강혜정 대표 "영화요? 가장 사랑하는 일이자 직업이죠"" [[M+Movie lover] Kang Hye-jung, CEO of Oeyunaegang, "A movie? It's my favourite job and job."]. entertain.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved February 14, 2024.
  11. ^ Kwon, Nam-young (December 24, 2019). "올해 빛낸 외유내강 강혜정 대표 "조건에 굴하지 않는 삶" [인터뷰]" [Kang Hye-jung, CEO of the Filmmaker R&K that shined this year, "A life that does not give in to conditions" [Interview]]. entertain.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved February 14, 2024.
  12. ^ "시사회 - PRESS SCREENING: 짝패 (The City of Violence)". Twitch Film. May 10, 2006. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  13. ^ Lee, Hoo-nam; Lee, Min-a (May 15, 2006). "Film noir showcases duo's martial arts skills". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  14. ^ "A Trip Inside The City of Violence: Ryu Seung-Wan and Jung Doo-Hong Talk 짝패". Twitch Film. May 27, 2006. Archived from the original on March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  15. ^ Kim, Kyu Hyun (February 5, 2008). "City of Violence: Lean and Mean". OhmyNews International. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  16. ^ "South Korea Box Office September 12–14, 2008". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
  17. ^ "오로지 앞만 보고 빠르게 달려가는 액션영화". 씨네21 (in Korean). September 8, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  18. ^ 조성민 (March 11, 2010). "대전시, '외유내강' 영화사와 제작지원 협약". 연합뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  19. ^ Lee, Ji-hye (November 18, 2010). "INTERVIEW: Director Ryoo Seung-wan - Part 1". 10Asia. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  20. ^ Lee, Ji-hye (November 18, 2010). "INTERVIEW: Director Ryoo Seung-wan - Part 2". 10Asia. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  21. ^ Ju, Sung-chul (November 9, 2011). "Four leading Korean directors working on overseas projects". Korea Cinema Today. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  22. ^ "The Berlin File Becomes Korea's Top Action Movie". The Chosun Ilbo. March 5, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  23. ^ Frater, Patrick (October 2, 2015). "Busan: Ryoo Seung-wan Lines up Sequels to Veteran and The Berlin File". Variety. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  24. ^ "Veteran Keeps Setting New Records". The Chosun Ilbo. October 5, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  25. ^ "[천만 '베테랑'] 안수현 강혜정 김무령 이유진 심보경...2세대 여성제작자 시대". 스포츠Q(큐) (in Korean). August 29, 2015. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  26. ^ Lim, Jeong-yeo (September 30, 2015). "Gunhamdo, director Ryoo's next film, to begin shooting next summer". The Korea Herald. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  27. ^ "강혜정 외유내강 대표, "'내 영화가 특별하다'는 거품은 완전히 빠졌다"" [Kang Hye-jeong, CEO of Oeyunaekang, “The bubble of ‘my movie is special’ has completely disappeared.”]. 씨네21 (in Korean). April 25, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  28. ^ a b Kang, Ae-ran (August 31, 2021). "강혜정 대표 "'모가디슈'·'인질' 어렵게 개봉…코끝이 찡해요"" [CEO Kang Hye-jeong "The difficult release of 'Mogadishu' and 'Hostage'... It makes my nose tingle."]. 연합뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  29. ^ "강혜정 외유내강 대표, "'내 영화가 특별하다'는 거품은 완전히 빠졌다"" [Kang Hye-jung, CEO of Oeyu, "The bubble of 'my movie is special' has completely disappeared"]. 씨네21 (in Korean). April 25, 2019. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  30. ^ "Movie Review: Cho Jung-Seok & Yoona Try To Outrun Poison Gas In Entertaining Action-Comedy Exit". TODAYonline. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  31. ^ "Yoo Hae-jin, Yoona, Hyun Bin to star in action movie". The Korea Times. November 16, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  32. ^ "JO Jung-suk and Yoon-a Look for an EXIT". Korean Film Biz Zone. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  33. ^ Noh, Jean (February 19, 2020). "Korea's box office broke records in 2019, but was also more skewed towards big movies". Screen. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
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