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Kamaria Ahir

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kamaria (or Kamariya, Kumheria, kamariha, कमरिया) also known as Yaduvanshi Thakur[1], is a subdivison of Ahirs[2][3][4][5][6][7][8](Abhira[9]) or Yadav[10] Caste in India, Prominently found in the Uttar Pradesh State. The Kamaria Clan includes several (over 100+) Gotras in it.[11] Kamaria is the second most dominant Ahir subdivision in Western Uttar Pradesh after the Ghosi subdivision.[12] They are well known for their Political Dominance over Uttar Pradesh.

Ahir
Regions with significant populations
Uttar Pradesh, Braj
Languages
Braj Bhasha, Hindi
Religion
Hindu
[13]

Origin

[edit]
Lord Krishna, the professed ancestors of Kamaria Ahirs.

Locally in Braj region of Uttar Pradesh, Which includes Mathura, Shikohabad, Jalesar, Agra, Hathras, Aligarh, Etah, Firozabad, Mainpuri, Etawah and Farrukhabad districts of Uttar Pradesh.[14]

Kamarias profess to be descendants from Yaduvansha (Yadav Vansha of Krishna vansh[15][16][17])Lineage.

The Kamaria clan claims descent from Kamalnayan, an Ahir king from the Mahabharata era. In the Braj region, the Kamaria and other subdivisions of Ahirs were gradually absorbed into the Nandvanshi category of landlords and into the Yaduvanshi subdivision as a consequence of British so-called "official" ethnographies and racial theories.[18][8]

Family Goddesses and God

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The Kuladevata of Kamaria Ahirs are

History

[edit]

Thakur Hargayan Singh Yadav, thakur of a ruling chief, Khalthaun, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Was born in year 1864, and succeeded to the throne(gaddi) in 1883. The area of the State was 5 square miles; its population was about 8000, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur maintained a military force of 15 cavalry and 50 infantry.[19] He was likely from Kamaria clan, as the Kamaria Yadav of Gwalior has the title of Thakur[1]

There is a fair held on Sundays in a village of Mainpuri(now in Firozabad, Jasrana Tehsil, Uttar Pradesh), named Paindhat (now Pairhat), where the Kamaria branch have a festival that is held in the light fortnight of Asarh and Magh and offering of coconut and money are made to a temple for an Ahir named Jagaiya(or Jakhai or Jakhaiya) and for a Brahman hero having the same name as the village as they fought in the battle between Prithviraj Chauhan and Jaychandra. Also there is a raised platform(chabutra) for a nameless Dhanuk before whose platform young pigs are sacrificed.The yearly offering taken by the zamindars were estimated at Rs. 5000.[20][21][22][23][24]

The Ahir Para of Mathura, i.e. the Sadar Bazaar is said to be established by two families originally from Kannauj, Chaudhari Parivar (the Head Family) and Dudh Parivar (the Milk Family). The Milk Family belonged to Tulsi Ram, a Sepoy of Deshwar gotra of the Kamaria clan.[25] This family as of today owns the Mahadev Ghat Akhara.[26][27]

The Statistical Data of Mainpuri and Farrukhabad resulted in the discovery that in a large number of villages belonging to the Ahirs of Kamaria and Ghosi stocks the proportion of girls to the total minor population was smaller even that among the Rajputs, and the statistics indicated a widespread prevalence of the crime among the Ahirs.[28][29][30][31]

A famous idiom among the Ahirs of Braj is, "Ghosiya ghosat rahe kamariya byah le gayo"[32] (घोसिया सोचता ही रहा, कमरिया ब्याह ले गया)[33] “The Ghosi kept shouting while the Kamaria married the bride”, The story behind this idiom is rooted in a traditional tale. According to the legend, a father accidentally arranged his daughter’s marriage to two men of Ahir caste but from different Subclans—a Kamaria and a Ghosi. On the wedding day, both grooms arrived at the bride's home. In an attempt to resolve the situation, the father placed an obstacle in the path of the wedding procession(Baraat), declaring that the first groom to reach the wedding altar (mandap) would marry his daughter. While the Ghosi groom stood still, pondering and shouting what to do, the Kamaria groom quickly removed the obstacle and raced ahead, reaching the mandap first and marrying the girl.[34] This story is said to be the origin of the idiom, which reflects the idea that hesitation or indecision can lead to missed opportunities, while prompt action may lead to success.

Notable figures

[edit]
Mulayam Singh Yadav, a Kamaria Ahir (standing at right)

Estate, Zamindaris & village holding

[edit]
  • Kamaria Ahirs of Bhaujīka gotra have cherished a memory of their ancestors that they ruled the Karauli State, but after losing political dominance they migrated and spread across Gwalior city [17][46]
  • Kamaria Ahir used to have Zamindari in Jaurasi, a village in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.[47][48]
  • Kamaria Ahir were Chiefly Zamindars in Paindhat, Mustafabad, Mainpuri,(that is now in Jasrana Tehsil of Firozabad) Uttar Pradesh[49][50][51]
  • The Ghosis(including Phatak) and Kamaria branches of Ahir had several Chief Families. e.g. Ghosis had Bharaul, Urawar in Mainpuri, Rupdhani in Etah etc. and The Kamarias had Gurha and Harganpur in Mainpuri; Paindhat in Mustafabad; Gopalpur and Balampur in Kuraoli, Mainpuri; etc.[52][53][54]
  • Ch. Natthu Singh Yadav, was a Zamindar of Etawah.
  • Ch. Komal Singh Yadav (of Semarfula Gotra) of Ramnagar house, Ramnagar, Etah was a Zamindar and the first IPS officer of Yadav Caste during the british rule in India.
  • Kamaria Ahirs hold 46+11 Villages in Mainpuri and Mustafabad group of villages (pargana) (some villages recently got added to the Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh). [55][56][57]
  • Kamaria Ahirs hold 21 Villages in Eta district, Uttar Pradesh.[58]
  • Kamaria Ahirs hold 3 villages in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh.[59]

Distribution

[edit]

Kamaria Ahirs are mostly found in Western Uttar Pradesh and in some parts of Madhya Pradesh, which includes Mathura, Agra, Etawah (most numerous in Etawah[60][61]), Mainpuri, Etah, Firozabad,[14] Jhansi, Gwalior, Bhind, Shivpuri, Jabalpur,[62][63] etc.

Synonyms, Titles, and Gotras

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
  • The word 'Kamaria' literally means Kambal, a blanket.[5]
  • The king from Mahabharata era, Kamalnayan.
  • Some claims that 'Kamaria', is derived from Kamli, one of the other names for the lord Krishna.[76]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mutatkar, Ramchandra Keshav (1978). Caste Dimensions in a Village. Shubhada-Saraswat.
  2. ^ Gupta, Dipankar (2004-12-08). Caste in Question: Identity Or Hierarchy?. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-3324-3.
  3. ^ Survavanshi, Bhagwansingh (1962). Abhiras Their History And Culture.
  4. ^ Matthew Atmore Sherring (1872). Hindu Tribes and Castes. Oxford University. Trubner and co.; [etc ., etc.]
  5. ^ a b Russell, R.V. Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India vol.1. Macmillan and Co., London.
  6. ^ Crooke, William (1896). The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh. Government printing.
  7. ^ Elliot, Sir Henry Miers (1869). Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India: Being an Amplified Edition of the Original Supplemental Glossary of Indian Terms. Trübner & Company.
  8. ^ a b Michelutti, Lucia (2002). Sons of Krishna: The politics of Yadav community formation in a north Indian town (phd thesis). London School of Economics and Political Science.
  9. ^ Majeed, Akhtar (2000). Coalition Politics and Power Sharing. Manak Publications Pvt. Limited. ISBN 978-81-86562-96-3.
  10. ^ Majeed, Akhtar (2000). Coalition Politics and Power Sharing. Manak Publications Pvt. Limited. ISBN 978-81-86562-96-3.
  11. ^ Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Ed. ... by Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson. 1876.
  12. ^ a b "यादवों के गढ़ में गोत्र से तय होगी मुलायम की जीत-हार!". Dainik Bhaskar (दैनिक भास्कर).
  13. ^ Lucia Michelutti (2008). The Vernacularisation of Democracy: Politics, Caste, and Religion in India Volume 1 of Exploring the political in South Asia. Routledge, Original from the University of California. p. 101. ISBN 9780415467322.
  14. ^ a b Gupta, Dipankar (2004-12-08). Caste in Question: Identity Or Hierarchy?. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-3324-3.
  15. ^ Singh, Kumar Suresh (1998). People of India: India's communities. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
  16. ^ Mutatkar, Ramchandra Keshav (1978). Caste Dimensions in a Village. Shubhada-Saraswat.
  17. ^ a b c Kiśora, Sītā (1996). Gvāliyara saṃbhāga meṃ vyavahyata bolī-rūpoṃ kā bhāshā-vaijñānika adhyayana (in Hindi). Ārādhanā Bradarsa.
  18. ^ Michelutti, Lucia (2020-11-29). The Vernacularisation of Democracy: Politics, Caste and Religion in India. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-08400-9.
  19. ^ Lethbridge, Roper (1893). The golden book of India, a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes, chiefs, nobles, and other personages, titled or decorated, of the Indian empire. Robarts - University of Toronto. London Macmillan.
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  22. ^ Census of the N.W. Provinces, 1865. Government Press, North-Western Provinces. 1867.
  23. ^ Neave, E. R. (1910). Mainpuri - A Gazetteer.
  24. ^ Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Agra division part 1. North-Western Provinces Government. 1876.
  25. ^ Michelutti, Lucia (2020-11-29). The Vernacularisation of Democracy: Politics, Caste and Religion in India. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-08400-9.
  26. ^ Price, Pamela; Ruud, Arild Engelsen (2012-07-26). Power and Influence in India: Bosses, Lords and Captains. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-19799-4.
  27. ^ Michelutti, Lucia (2020-11-29). The Vernacularisation of Democracy: Politics, Caste and Religion in India. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-08400-9.
  28. ^ Oudh (India), United Provinces of Agra and (1911). District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.
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  40. ^ "Mulayam singh yadav biography in Hindi: मुलायम सिंह यादव की बायोग्राफी, क्या था गोत्र, खुद को मानते थे भगवान कृष्ण के वंशज". Zee News Hindi (in Hindi). 2022-10-10. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
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  57. ^ Sherring, Matthew Atmore (1872). Hindu Tribes and Castes. Thacker, Spink & Company.
  58. ^ Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Ed. ... by Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson. 1876.
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  67. ^ Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Ed. ... by Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson. 1876.
  68. ^ Crooke, William (1896). The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh. Government printing.
  69. ^ Neave E. R. (1911). District Gazetteer Of The United Provinces Vol-xii Etah.
  70. ^ Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Ed. ... by Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson. 1876.
  71. ^ Cultural Geography of Ahir's in Uttar Pradesh (Thesis).
  72. ^ Mutatkar, Ramchandra Keshav (1978). Caste Dimensions in a Village. Shubhada-Saraswat.
  73. ^ Statistical Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Ed. ... by Edwin [Felix] Thomas Atkinson. 1876.
  74. ^ Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
  75. ^ Neave E. R. (1911). District Gazetteer Of The United Provinces Vol-xii Etah.
  76. ^ Marga, Bhakti (2023-03-01). Atma Bhog: Bhajans with Chords and Translations. Bhakti Marga Publications. ISBN 978-3-96343-074-9.
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