Kaipara (New Zealand electorate)

Kaipara is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate north of Auckland that existed from 1902 to 1946, and from 1978 to 1996.

Population centres

The Representation Act 1900 had increased the membership of the House of Representatives from general electorates 70 to 76, and this was implemented through the 1902 electoral redistribution. In 1902, changes to the country quota affected the three-member electorates in the four main centres. The tolerance between electorates was increased to ±1,250 so that the Representation Commissions (since 1896, there had been separate commissions for the North and South Islands) could take greater account of communities of interest. These changes proved very disruptive to existing boundaries, and six electorates were established for the first time, including Kaipara, and two electorates that previously existed were re-established.^[1]

The electorate was rural and located north of Auckland city, in the North Auckland region.

History

The electorate was created for the 1902 election, and abolished in 1946.^[2] The first representative was the independent conservative Alfred Harding.^[3] In the 1905 election, Harding stood for the breakaway New Liberal Party, but was beaten by John Stallworthy of the Liberal Party.^[4]

In the 1911 election, Stallworthy was beaten by Gordon Coates, who was Prime Minister from 1925 to 1928, and who held the electorate until he died in May 1943.^[5] As a (belated) wartime general election was to be held shortly, a by-election was postponed through the By-elections Postponement Act 1943,^[6] and Clifton Webb succeeded Coates at the general election in September 1943.^[7] When the Kaipara electorate was abolished in 1946, Webb successfully stood in the Rodney electorate.^[8]

Kaipara was recreated in 1978,^[2] and again replaced by Rodney in 1996. Lockwood Smith then transferred to Rodney, and later became the Speaker of the House.

Members of Parliament

Key

Independent	Liberal	Reform
National	Ind. National

Election	Winner
1902 election		Alfred Harding
1905 election		John Stallworthy
1908 election		John Stallworthy
1911 election		Gordon Coates
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election
1935 election
1938 election
1943 election		Clifton Webb
(electorate abolished 1946–1978, see Rodney)
1978 election		Peter Wilkinson
1981 election		Peter Wilkinson
1984 election		Lockwood Smith
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election
(electorate abolished 1996, see Rodney)

Election results

1943 election

1943 general election: Kaipara^[9]^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent National	Clifton Webb	4,950	56.77
	Labour	John Stewart	2,171	24.90
	Independent	Percy MacGregor Stewart	1,597	18.31	−21.33
Informal votes			45	0.51	−0.18
Majority			2,779	31.87
Turnout			8,718

1938 election

1938 general election: Kaipara^[11]^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Gordon Coates	5,414	57.62	+8.78
	Labour	Percy MacGregor Stewart	3,725	39.64
	Country Party	James Scott-Davidson	257	2.74
Informal votes			65	0.69	−0.74
Majority			1,689	17.98	+14.87
Turnout			9,461	92.85	+3.17
Registered electors			10,190

1935 election

1935 general election: Kaipara^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Gordon Coates	4,738	48.84	−14.30
	Independent	William Grounds	4,436	45.72
	Democrat	John Caughley	528	5.44
Informal votes			141	1.45	+1.06
Majority			302	3.11	−23.16
Turnout			9,702	89.68	+5.21
Registered electors			10,818

1931 election

1931 general election: Kaipara^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Gordon Coates	5,008	63.14	−2.52
	Country Party	Albert Edward Robinson^[15]	2,924	36.86
Majority			2,084	26.27	−5.04
Informal votes			23	0.29	−1.10
Turnout			7,955	84.47	−3.38
Registered electors			9,418

1928 election

1928 general election: Kaipara^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Gordon Coates	5,190	65.65	−14.22
	Labour	Jim Barclay	2,715	34.35
Informal votes			111	1.38	−0.10
Majority			2,475	31.31	−29.92
Turnout			8,016	87.85	−1.07
Registered electors			9,125

1925 election

1925 general election: Kaipara^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Gordon Coates	6,307	79.87	+14.42
	Labour	Bill Barnard	1,472	18.64
Informal votes			117	1.48	+0.15
Majority			4,835	61.23	+28.98
Turnout			7,896	89.82	+0.04
Registered electors			8,790

1922 election

1922 general election: Kaipara^[18]^[19]^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Gordon Coates	5,001	65.45	−13.53
	Liberal	Robert Hornblow	2,537	33.20
Informal votes			102	1.33	−2.38
Majority			2,464	32.25	−29.43
Turnout			7,640	88.88	+11.24
Registered electors			8,595

1919 election

1919 general election: Kaipara^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Gordon Coates	4,214	78.98	+19.77
	Labour	Alfred Gregory	923	17.30
Informal votes			198	3.71	+2.20
Majority			3,291	61.68	+43.28
Turnout			5,335	77.64	−8.19
Registered electors			6,871

1914 election

1914 general election: Kaipara^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	Gordon Coates	3,596	59.21	+3.52
	Liberal	Richard Hoe	2,478	40.79
Informal votes			92	1.51	1.29
Majority			1,118	18.40	+6.80
Turnout			6,074	85.83	+7.63
Registered electors			7,076

1911 election

1911 general election: Kaipara, Second ballot^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Gordon Coates	2,744	55.69	+19.32
	Liberal	John Stallworthy	2,172	44.08	−1.33
Informal votes			11	0.22	−1.26
Majority			572	11.60
Turnout			4,927	78.20	−2.22

1911 general election: Kaipara, First ballot^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	John Stallworthy	2,301	45.41
	Independent	Gordon Coates	1,843	36.37
	Reform	Edward Thurlow Field	848	16.73
Informal votes			75	1.48
Turnout			5,067	80.42
Registered electors			6,300

Notes

^ McRobie 1989, pp. 67f.
^ ^a ^b Wilson 1985, p. 265.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 202.
^ Wilson 1985, pp. 202, 236.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 189.
^ "By-elections Postponement Act 1943 (7 GEO VI 1943 No 7)". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 244.
^ Wilson 1985, pp. 244, 265.
^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. 80, no. 24713. 13 October 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXXV, no. 23181. 29 October 1938. p. 25. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1936. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
^ "Notice of Nominations received and Polling Places appointed". Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette. 25 November 1931. p. 7. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1924. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 83f.
^ Hislop 1923, pp. 1–6.
^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

References

Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198967f-1] McRobie 1989, pp. 67f.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985265-2] Wilson 1985, p. 265.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985202-3] Wilson 1985, p. 202.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985202,_236-4] Wilson 1985, pp. 202, 236.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985189-5] Wilson 1985, p. 189.

[6] "By-elections Postponement Act 1943 (7 GEO VI 1943 No 7)". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 16 May 2017.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985244-7] Wilson 1985, p. 244.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985244,_265-8] Wilson 1985, pp. 244, 265.

[9] "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

[10] "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. 80, no. 24713. 13 October 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 15 May 2017.

[1938_election-11] "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

[12] "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXXV, no. 23181. 29 October 1938. p. 25. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

[13] The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1936. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2013.

[1931_election-14] The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

[15] "Notice of Nominations received and Polling Places appointed". Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette. 25 November 1931. p. 7. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

[1928_election-16] The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 July 2015.

[17] The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.

[Year-Book_1924-18] The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1924. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2013.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198983f-19] McRobie 1989, pp. 83f.

[FOOTNOTEHislop19231–6-20] Hislop 1923, pp. 1–6.

[Year-Book_1920-21] Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.

[General_Election,_1914-22] Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

[1911_election-23] "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

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