K. R. Vijaya filmography
Appearance
The following is the list of films in which K. R. Vijaya has performed. She has acted in almost 500 films.[1]
Filmography
[edit]This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: works should be ordered from oldest to newest per MOS:FILMOGRAPHY. (December 2023) |
2020's
[edit]Year | Title | Role | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
TBA | Randam Pranayamahayudham | Malayalam | ||
2023 | Moothakudi | Tamil | ||
2023 | Rayar Parambarai | Tamil | ||
2023 | Kodai | Roja | Tamil | |
2021 | Chakra | Chandru's grandmother | Tamil |
2010s
[edit]Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | Karinkannan | Dr. Nirmala | Malayalam | |
2017 | 143 | Tamil | ||
2017 | Maaya Mohini | Tamil | ||
2015 | Two Countries | Herself | Malayalam | Uncredited cameo/Archive footage |
2013 | Players | Rose's grandmother | Malayalam | |
2013 | Suvadugal | Tamil | ||
2012 | Virudhunagar Sandhippu | Tamil | ||
2011 | Sri Rama Rajyam | Kausalya | Telugu | |
2011 | Arabi Ponnu | Umma | Malayalam | |
2011 | Naayika | Herself | Malayalam | Archive footage/Uncredited cameo |
2011 | 100% Love | Mahalakshmi | Telugu | |
2011 | Aadu Puli | Sampoornam | Tamil | |
2010 | Simha | Srimannarayana's grandmother | Telugu |
2000s
[edit]Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | Malayali | Madhavan's mother | Malayalam | |
2009 | Munnar | Judge | Tamil | |
2008 | Dasavatharam | Megha Mukhtaar | Tamil | Cameo appearance |
2006 | Hanumanthu | Grandmother | Telugu | |
2006 | Chukkallo Chandrudu | Sravani's grandmother | Telugu | |
2005 | Nayakudu | Bharatamma | Telugu | |
2005 | Chandramukhi | Kasthuri (Senthil's mother) | Tamil | |
2004 | Shock | Manju's mother | Tamil | |
2004 | Bhadradri Ramudu | Manka | Telugu | |
2003 | Ondagona Baa | Raghu's grandmother | Kannada | |
2003 | Mr. Brahmachari | Vasumathi | Malayalam | |
2002 | Nakshathrakkannulla Rajakumaran Avanundoru Rajakumari | Bhageerathiyamma | Malayalam | |
2002 | Junior Senior | Tamil | ||
2001 | Trinetram | Goddess durga | Telugu | |
2000 | Durga | Navaneetham | Telugu | |
2000 | Pottu Amman | Navaneetham | Tamil | |
2000 | Deepavali | Kannada |
1990s
[edit]Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | Pranaya Nilavu | Lakshmi | Malayalam | |
1999 | Friends | Malayalam | ||
1999 | Mannavaru Chinnavaru | Shanmugasundaram's wife | Tamil | |
1998 | Kavalai Padathe Sagodhara | Tamil | ||
1997 | Vivasaayi Magan | Tamil | ||
1997 | Adhipathi | Kamakshi | Tamil | |
1996 | Vetri Vinayagar | Devi | Tamil | |
1996 | Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam | Kunti | Telugu | |
1996 | Jagadeka Veerudu | Telugu | ||
1996 | Vaazhga Jananayagam | Tamil | ||
1996 | Subash | Nithyananda Swamy's assistant | Tamil | |
1995 | Aanazhagan | Landlady | Tamil | |
1995 | Thirumanassu | Thampuratti | Malayalam | |
1995 | Ellame En Rasathan | Singarasu's grandmother | Tamil | |
1995 | Mutthinantha Hendathi | Kannada | ||
1995 | Kolangal | Karppagam | Tamil | |
1995 | Varraar Sandiyar | Annapoorni | Tamil | |
1995 | Miss 420 | Telugu | ||
1994 | Bhairava Dweepam | Vasundhara | Telugu | |
1994 | Raithu Bharatam | Telugu | ||
1994 | Raja Pandi | Tamil | ||
1994 | Muthal Manaivi | Rajeswari | Tamil | |
1994 | O Thandri O Koduku | Telugu | ||
1994 | Dongala Rajyam | Telugu | ||
1994 | Om Sakthi | Kannada | ||
1994 | Mahashakti Maye | Kannada | ||
1993 | Udan Pirappu | Sumathi's aunt | Tamil | |
1993 | Kunthee Puthrudu | Telugu | ||
1993 | Amma Ponnu | Bharani's mother | Tamil | |
1993 | Varam Tharum Vadivelan | Devi | Tamil | |
1993 | Kalippattam | Doctor | Malayalam | |
1993 | Yaadhavam | Prabhadevi | Malayalam | |
1992 | Champakulam Thachan | Karthyayani | Malayalam | |
1992 | Suyamariyadhai | Durga | Tamil | |
1992 | Annan Ennada Thambi Ennada | Bhavana | Tamil | |
1992 | Naalaiya Theerpu | Judge | Tamil | |
1992 | Sukravaram Mahalakshmi | Telugu | ||
1992 | Agni Paarvai | Raja's mother | Tamil | |
1992 | Karuninchina Kanaka Durga | Telugu | ||
1991 | Sri Srisaila Bhramarambika Kataksham | Raja's mother | Tamil | |
1991 | Avanikunnile Kinnarippookkal | Dr. Rajalakshmi | Malayalam | |
1991 | Kaaval Nilayam | Ravi's wife | Tamil | |
1991 | Mahaamayi | Tamil | ||
1991 | Namma Ooru Mariamma | Mariamma | Tamil | |
1990 | Appu | Mangalathe Amma | Malayalam | |
1990 | Sutradhaarulu | Yashodamma | Telugu | |
1990 | Iddaru Iddare | Lakshmi | Telugu | |
1990 | Vaigasi Poranthachu | Parvathi | Tamil | |
1990 | Anna Thammudu | Rajeswari Devi | Kannada | |
1990 | Thangaikku Oru Thalattu | Gopi's mother | Tamil | |
1990 | Pengal Veettin Kangal | Dhanalakshmi | Tamil | |
1990 | Vaazhnthu Kaattuvom | Sekhar's mother | Tamil | |
1990 | Raja Vikramarka | Queen | Telugu | |
1990 | Vishnu | Telugu |
1980s
[edit]Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1989 | Meenakshi Thiruvilayadal | Arunthathi | Tamil | |
1989 | Paattukku Oru Thalaivan | Shenbagam | Tamil | |
1989 | En Arumai Manaivi | Tamil | ||
1989 | Thaaya Thaarama | Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1989 | Valathu Kai Vaithu Vaa | Tamil | ||
1989 | Anbu Kattalai | Tamil | ||
1989 | Sutradharulu | Yashodamma | Telugu | |
1988 | Ugranethrudu | Chandramati Devi | Telugu | |
1988 | Namma Ooru Nayagan | Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1988 | Simon Peter Ninakku Vendi | Savithri | Malayalam | |
1988 | Yogi Vemana | Telugu | ||
1988 | Mile Sur Mera Tumhara | Hindi | Indian Song Video | |
1988 | Kai Koduppal Karpagambal | Tamil | ||
1988 | Veedu Manaivi Makkal | Tamil | ||
1988 | Veguchukka Pagatichukka | Telugu | ||
1987 | Thalli Godavari | Telugu | ||
1987 | Sreedharante Onnam Thirumurivu | Sarada | Malayalam | |
1987 | Majnu | Rajesh's mother | Telugu | |
1987 | Jaganmatha | Jaganmatha | Telugu | |
1987 | Pagabattina Panchali | Telugu | ||
1987 | Viswanatha Nayakudu | Viswanatha Nayak's mother | Telugu | |
1987 | Thalli Godavari | Telugu | ||
1987 | Mupperum Deviyar | Tamil | ||
1987 | Per Sollum Pillai | Rajalakshmi | Tamil | |
1987 | Thaye Neeye Thunai | Goddess Adhiparashakthi | Tamil | |
1987 | Velaikkaran | Savithri | Tamil | |
1987 | Krishnan Vandhaan | Tamil | ||
1987 | Velundu Vinaiyillai | Tamil | ||
1986 | Ukku Manishi[2] | Parvathi | Telugu | |
1986 | Ashtalakshmi Vaibhavamu | Mahalakshmi | Telugu | |
1986 | Daku Rani | Telugu | ||
1986 | Patnam Pilla Palletoori Chinnodu | Telugu | ||
1986 | Annai En Deivam | Meenakshi | Tamil | |
1986 | Dharmam | Tamil | ||
1986 | Aayiram Kannudayaal | Tamil | ||
1986 | Saadhanai | Tamil | ||
1986 | Bathil Solval Bathrakali | as jaishankar's wife | Tamil | |
1986 | Mel Maruvathoor Arpudhangal | Goddess Sakthi | Tamil | |
1986 | Jothi Malar | Tamil | ||
1986 | Machakaran | Tamil | ||
1986 | Mahasakthi Mariamman | Mariamman | Tamil | |
1985 | Sri Datta Darsanam | Renuka | Telugu | |
1985 | Mareyada Manikya | Kannada | ||
1985 | Raja Rishi | Parvathi | Tamil | |
1985 | Sri Raghavendrar | Devi Saraswathi | Tamil | |
1985 | Aval Sumangalithan | Mangalam | Tamil | |
1985 | Padikkadha Pannaiyar | Tamil | ||
1985 | Navagraha Nayagi | Amman | Tamil | |
1985 | Pudhu Yugam | Saradha | Tamil | |
1985 | Samayaburathale Satshi | Judge | Tamil | |
1985 | Bhale Thammudu | NTR's France | Telugu | |
1985 | Sri Datta Darsanam | Renuka | Telugu | |
1985 | Aazhi | Malayalam | ||
1984 | Ithiri Poove Chuvannapoove | Meenakshi | Malayalam | |
1984 | Parannu Parannu Parannu | Susan | Malayalam | |
1984 | Ezhu Swarnagal | Malayalam | ||
1984 | Vamsa Vilakku | Thaiyamma | Tamil | |
1984 | Jeevitham | Radha | Malayalam | |
1984 | Simma Soppanam | Tamil | ||
1984 | Justice Raja | Sreedevi | Malayalam | |
1984 | Vellam | Unnimaya | Malayalam | |
1984 | Anthassu | Malayalam | ||
1984 | Bhale Ramudu[3] | Savithri Devi | Telugu | |
1984 | Iru Medhaigal | Tamil | ||
1984 | Sarithira Nayagan | Tamil | ||
1984 | Tharaasu | Valli | Tamil | |
1984 | Thanga Koppai | Tamil | ||
1984 | Sri Santhoshi Matha Vrata Mahatyam | Telugu | ||
1983 | Thimingalam | Malayalam | ||
1983 | Apoorva Sahodarigal | Tamil | ||
1983 | Chinnadantha Maga | Kannada | ||
1983 | Kaman Pandigai | Tamil | ||
1983 | Abbhas | Tamil | ||
1983 | Neethibathi | Radha | Tamil | |
1983 | Miruthanga Chakravarthi | Deivanai | Tamil | |
1983 | Sumangali | Tamil | ||
1983 | Yuga Dharmam | Tamil | ||
1983 | Yamirukka Bayamen | Tamil | ||
1983 | Aadhipathyam | Amina | Malayalam | |
1983 | Siripuram Monagadu | Telugu | ||
1982 | Mukhangal | Prabha Menon | Malayalam | |
1982 | Irattimadhuram | Madhavikutty | Malayalam | |
1982 | Kaalam | Janaki | Malayalam | |
1982 | Keni | Nirmala Rajendran | Malayalam | |
1982 | Aayudham | Susheela | Malayalam | |
1982 | Aalolam | Savithri | Malayalam | |
1982 | Mylanji | Moideen's illegal wife | Malayalam | |
1982 | John Jaffer Janardhanan | Sumathy | Malayalam | |
1982 | Asthivaram | Tamil | ||
1982 | Deviyin Thiruvilaiyadal | Thengai shreenivasan's wife | Tamil | |
1982 | Oorukku Oru Pillai | Tamil | ||
1982 | Ranga | Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1982 | Hitler Umanath | Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1982 | Naan Kudithukonde Iruppen | Tamil | ||
1982 | Thaai Mookaambikai | Mookayi | Tamil | |
1982 | Oorum Uravum | Tamil | ||
1982 | Talli Kodukula Anubandham | Telugu | ||
1981 | Prema Simhasanam | Lakshmi | Telugu | |
1981 | Kolilakkam | Prabhakaran's wife | Malayalam | |
1981 | Bala Nagamma | Nagadevi | Telugu | |
1981 | Anjatha Nenjangal | Tamil | ||
1981 | Kalthoon | Tamil | ||
1981 | Sathya Sundharam | Tamil | ||
1981 | Kaalam | Tamil | ||
1981 | Tyagayya | Kamalamba | Telugu | |
1980 | Pappu | Herself | Malayalam | |
1980 | Natchathiram | Tamil | ||
1980 | Pavizha Mutthu | Sindhu | Malayalam | |
1980 | Pappu | Herself | Malayalam | |
1980 | Devi Dharisanam | Devi | Tamil | |
1980 | Mangala Nayagi | Tamil | ||
1980 | Dharma Raja | Tamil | ||
1980 | Inaindha Dhuruvangal | Tamil | ||
1980 | Pagai Thiruthal Panjali | Tamil | ||
1980 | Rishi Moolam | Gokila | Tamil |
1970s
[edit]Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | Sri Vinayaka Vijayamu | Durga Devi | Telugu | |
1979 | Maamaankam | Manka | Malayalam | |
1979 | Ezham Kadalinakkare | Malayalam | ||
1979 | Suprabadham | Tamil | ||
1979 | Aasaikku Vayasillai | Tamil | ||
1979 | Velli Ratnam | Tamil | ||
1979 | Neela Malargal | Santhi | Tamil | |
1979 | Tharangam | Saumini | Malayalam | |
1979 | Naan Vazhavaippen | Vijaya | Tamil | |
1979 | Nadagame Ullagam | Tamil | ||
1979 | Ore Vaanam Ore Bhoomi | Tamil | ||
1978 | Justice Gopinath | Radha | Tamil | |
1978 | Annapoorni | Tamil | ||
1978 | Ananda Bhairavi | Tamil | ||
1978 | Kanchi Kamakshi | Kamatchi | Tamil | |
1978 | Sati Savitri | Adi Parasakthi | Telugu | |
1978 | Melu Kolupu | Shanti Devi | Telugu | |
1978 | Bhaaryayum Kaamukiyum | Malayalam | ||
1978 | Kudumbam Namukku Sreekovil | Susheela | Malayalam | |
1978 | Nivedyam | Sulochana | Malayalam | |
1978 | Yagaswam | Sreedevi | Malayalam | |
1978 | Thacholi Ambu | Kunjitheyi | Malayalam | |
1978 | General Chakravarthi | Dr. Bharathi | Tamil | |
1978 | Shri Kanchi Kamakshi | Tamil | ||
1978 | Karunai Ullam | Tamil | ||
1978 | Varuvan Vadivelan | Tamil | ||
1977 | Deviyin Thirumanam | Tamil | ||
1977 | Naam Pirandha Mann | Deivanayanki | Tamil | |
1977 | Swarna Medal | Malayalam | ||
1977 | Santha Oru Devatha | Santha | Malayalam | |
1977 | Thunayiruppal Meenakshi | Tamil | ||
1977 | Thanikudithanam | Tamil | ||
1977 | Roudi Raakkamma | Tamil | ||
1977 | Murugan Adimai | Valliyammai | Tamil | |
1977 | Gaslight Mangamma | Tamil | ||
1977 | Banashankari | Kannada | ||
1976 | Gruhapravesam | Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1976 | Maharasi Vazhga | Tamil | ||
1976 | Dasavatharam | Yasodhai | Tamil | |
1976 | Mittai Mummy | Tamil | ||
1976 | Vayilla Poochi | Tamil | ||
1976 | Mayor Meenakshi | Tamil | ||
1976 | Aayiram Janmangal | Lakshmi | Malayalam | |
1976 | Amma | Savithri | Malayalam | |
1976 | Akka | Tamil | ||
1975 | Janaki Sabadham | Tamil | ||
1975 | Ayodhya | Lakshmi | Malayalam | |
1975 | Thai Veettu Seedhanam | Tamil | ||
1975 | Kasthuri Vijayam | Tamil | ||
1975 | Aayirathil Oruthi | Janaki | Tamil | |
1974 | Thirudi | Tamil | ||
1974 | Thanga Pathakkam | Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1974 | Dheerga Sumangali | Tamil | ||
1974 | Honeymoon | Malayalam | ||
1974 | Avalukku Nigar Avale | Tamil | ||
1974 | Engal Kula Dheivam | Tamil | ||
1974 | Maanikka Thottil | Tamil | ||
1974 | Roshakkari | Tamil | ||
1974 | Devi Shri Karumariamman | Tamil | ||
1973 | Bharatha Vilas | Gowri | Tamil | |
1973 | Malligai Poo | Tamil | ||
1973 | Nakhangal | Saraswathy | Malayalam | |
1973 | Nathayil Muthu | Chelakannu | Tamil | 100th Film |
1973 | Vayadi | Tamil | ||
1973 | Sontham | Tamil | ||
1973 | Devi Lalitamba | Devi Lalitamba | Telugu | |
1972 | Kurathi Magan | Tamil | ||
1972 | Dheivam | Valliyammai | Tamil | |
1972 | Aseervatham | Tamil | ||
1972 | Sabhash Vadina | Telugu | ||
1972 | Kodalu Pilla | Telugu | ||
1972 | Enna Muthalali Sowkiyama | Tamil | ||
1972 | Itho Enthan Deivam | Tamil | ||
1972 | Kannamma | Kannamma | Tamil | |
1972 | Itho Enthan Deivam | Tamil | ||
1972 | Naan Yen Pirandhen | Saradha | Tamil | |
1972 | Thavapudhalavan | Vasanthi | Tamil | |
1972 | Shakthi Leelai | Thangam | Tamil | |
1972 | Nalla Neram | Viji (Vijaya) | Tamil | |
1971 | Annai Abirami | Tamil | ||
1971 | Bhale Papa[4] | Kalyani | Telugu | |
1971 | Ma Ila Velpu | Devi | Telugu | |
1971 | Annai Velankanni | Kamakshi | Tamil | |
1971 | Aathi Parasakthi | Tamil | ||
1971 | Kannan Karunai | Tamil | ||
1971 | Sabatham | Sivakami | Tamil | |
1971 | Sudhattam | Tamil | ||
1970 | Sridevi | Telugu | ||
1970 | Ammayenna Sthree | Bindhu | Malayalam | |
1970 | Nishagandhi | Malayalam | ||
1970 | Lakshmi Kataksham | Rani Hemamalini | Telugu | |
1970 | Ethiroli | Vijaya | Tamil | |
1970 | Kalyana Oorvalam | Tamil | ||
1970 | Sangamam | Tamil | ||
1970 | Namma Veettu Deivam | Devi | Tamil | |
1970 | Raman Ethanai Ramanadi | Devaki | Tamil | |
1970 | Sorgam | Vimala | Tamil | |
1970 | Kanmalar | Tamil | ||
1970 | Nilave Nee Satchi | Tamil | ||
1970 | Maa Manchi Akkayya | Telugu |
1960s
[edit]Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1969 | Bhale Tammudu | Geeta | Telugu | |
1969 | Bhale Abbayilu[5] | Meena | Telugu | |
1969 | Kannula Panduga | Meenakshi | Telugu | |
1969 | Manushulu Marali | Telugu | ||
1969 | Sipayi Chinnayya | Kannamma | Telugu | |
1969 | Ekaveera | Ekaveera | Telugu | |
1969 | Akka Thangai | Vijaya | Tamil | Comeback film after marriage |
1969 | Pennai Vazha Vidungal | Amudha | Tamil | |
1969 | Kanne Pappa | Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1969 | Thirudan | Radha | Tamil | |
1969 | Avare En Deivam | Tamil | ||
1968 | Paal Manam | Tamil | ||
1968 | Thanga Valayal | Tamil | ||
1968 | Asadhyudu | Telugu | ||
1968 | Kodungallooramma | Kannaki | Malayalam | |
1968 | Ragini | Malayalam | ||
1968 | Thirumal Perumai | Aandaal | Tamil | |
1967 | Ooty Varai Uravu | Vijaya | Tamil | |
1967 | Manam Oru Kurangu | Maruthayi / Mallika Devi | Tamil | |
1967 | Seetha | Vedha | Tamil | |
1967 | Bhagyamudra | Malayalam | ||
1967 | Nenjirukkum Varai | Rajeswari | Tamil | |
1967 | Ponnana Vazhvu | Tamil | ||
1967 | Penne Nee Vaazhga | Tamil | ||
1967 | Muhoortha Naal | Tamil | ||
1967 | Anveshichu Kandethiyilla | Susamma | Malayalam | |
1967 | Sheelavathi | Sheelaavathi | Malayalam | |
1967 | Iru Malargal | Shanthi | Tamil | |
1967 | Kandan Karunai | Deivayanai | Tamil | |
1967 | Paladai | shantha | Tamil | |
1967 | Vivasayee | Vijaya | Tamil | |
1967 | Pattanathil Bhootham | Latha | Tamil | |
1967 | Ninaivil Nindraval | Prema / Radha | Tamil | |
1967 | Thangai | Leela | Tamil | |
1967 | Thiruvarutselvar | Paravai Nachiyar Sundaramoorthy | Tamil | |
1966 | Paramanandayya Sishyula Katha | Chitralekha | Telugu | |
1966 | Bhakta Pothana | Sita | Telugu | |
1966 | Saraswati Sabatham | Selvambigai | Tamil | |
1966 | Annavin Aasai | Vijaya | Tamil | |
1966 | Thattungal Thirakkappadum | Geetha | Tamil | |
1966 | Thayin Mel Aanai | Tamil | ||
1966 | Thenmazhai | Nirmala | Tamil | |
1966 | Anarkali | Anarkali / Nadira | Malayalam | |
1966 | Ramu | Lakshmi alias Seetha Lakshmi | Tamil | |
1966 | Thilothama | Thilothama | Malayalam | |
1966 | Selvam | Valli | Tamil | |
1966 | Chinnanchiru Ulagam | Tamil | ||
1966 | Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam | Rukmini | Telugu | |
1966 | Yarukaka Azhudan | Lodger | Tamil | |
1966 | Naan Aanaiyittal | Mala Kanagarathnam | Tamil | |
1965 | Idhayak Kamalam | Kamala / Vimala | Tamil | |
1965 | Kattu Rani | Rani | Tamil | |
1965 | Naanal | Jaya | Tamil | |
1965 | Kalyana Mandapam | Tamil | ||
1965 | Panchavarna Kili | Vani | Tamil | |
1965 | Thazhampoo | Kavery | Tamil | |
1965 | Oonche Log | Vimala Prabhu | Hindi | |
1965 | Odayil Ninnu | Lakshmi | Malayalam | |
1965 | Sakunthala | Sakunthala | Malayalam | |
1965 | Thaayum Magalum | Sumathi | Tamil | |
1965 | Panam Padaithavan | Shanti | Tamil | |
1964 | Thozhilali | Meena | Tamil | |
1964 | Server Sundaram | Radha | Tamil | |
1964 | Aadyakiranangal | Marykutty | Malayalam | |
1964 | Manavatti | Sheela | Malayalam | |
1964 | Deiva Thirumagal | Tamil | ||
1964 | Thozhilali | Meena | Tamil | |
1964 | Karuppu Panam | Devi | Tamil | |
1964 | Kai Koduttha Dheivam | Latha | Tamil | |
1963 | Karpagam | Karpagam | Tamil |
References
[edit]- ^ "Women's Day: From Ramya Krishnan to Nayanthara, actresses with divine presence on reel".
- ^ Balakrishna, Palli. "Ukku Manishi (1986)". Telugu Lyrics World. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
- ^ "Bhale Ramudu 1984 movie cast".
- ^ "Bhale Papa (1971)". Indiancine.ma. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ "Bhale Abbailu (1969)". Indiancine.ma. Retrieved 28 January 2024.