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Julia Cagé

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Julia Cagé
Cagé in 2017
Born (1984-02-17) 17 February 1984 (age 40)
Metz, France
EducationÉcole normale supérieure
Pantheon-Sorbonne University (BA)
Paris School of Economics (MA)
Harvard University (PhD)
Spouse
​
(m. 2014)​
Academic career
FieldEconomics
InstitutionSciences Po
InfluencesNathan Nunn, Daniel Cohen

Julia Cagé (born 17 February 1984) is a French economist specializing in development economics, political economy, and economic history.

Early life

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Julia Cagé has a twin sister, Agathe Cagé, who is a technocrat and an advisor to Najat Vallaud-Belkacem.[1]

Cagé attended prep school in letters and social sciences at Lycée Thiers in Marseille. From 2005 to 2010 she and her twin studied at the École normale supérieure of Paris.[2]

From 2010 to 2014 she was a doctoral student in economics at Harvard. She received her PhD in economics there in 2014 under Alberto Alesina, Nathan Nunn and Andrei Shleifer.[3] She also defended a thesis at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences on Essays in the Political Economy of Information and Taxation, under the direction of Daniel Cohen.[4]

Career

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Since July 2014, Julia Cagé has been an assistant professor of Economics at Sciences Po Paris.[5][6] In 2018, she became the Co-director of the Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Public Policies (LIEPP) "Evaluation of Democracy" research group.[7]

Research

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Saving the media

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In February 2015, Julia Cagé published Saving the media: Capitalism, crowdfunding and democracy in French. By the end of 2016, it had been published in 10 other languages.[8]

This book reviews existing models for funding the media, evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each, and proposes a new structure for "saving the media", which she calls a "Nonprofit Media Organization (NMO)". She argues that, the fundamental problem with existing media organizations is that they either (1) have not been self-sustaining or (2) have such inherent conflicts of interest that their coverage becomes a threat to democracy.

Her NMO is a charitable foundation but with democratic governance, limiting the power of the major donors while encouraging crowdfunding.

This book was widely reviewed in the mainstream French media: Les Échos,[9] Libération,[10] Télérama,[11] Les Inrocks,[12] La Croix,[6] Mediapart,[13] Alternatives économiques,[14] France Culture,[15] Europe 1,[16] France 24[17] and France inter.[18]

By 5 November 2016 it was available in translation into 10 other languages: English, Chinese, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Serbian, Spanish, and Turkish; it's now also available in Romanian.[19]

In this book, she proposes a new model for organizing media: a nonprofit media organization (NMO), which combines aspects of both a joint-stock company and a foundation. The goal is to allow sharing and democratic renewal of power and funding. Readers, journalists and other, "crowdfunders", would see their contributions in capital recognized by an increase in voting rights at the expense of the power of the largest shareholders. Media would thus benefit from open donations and reductions in taxes. Cagé claims these will replace the current media subsidies, which are often opaque and ineffective, with a "neutral, transparent and citizen" support system.[10] Éric Fottorino claimed that this model will not likely work well for large media, which he believes will not function well without shareholders, who will demand influence in proportion to their investment.[15]

This book is based on Cagé's analysis of the historical evolution of the media and their modes of governance and financing in Europe and the United States since the beginning of the twentieth century. This includes previous work on the impact of sometimes excessive competition between media organization, focusing especially on the experience of the regional daily press in France since 1945.[20]

This book received the 2016 prize for a book discussing research in the media by the Assises du journalisme (French journalism foundation).[21][22]

Cagé and Huet (2021) provide a detailed analysis of changes in law, especially in France, that might improve independence of the media, as recommended by Cagé's earlier work.

Globalization and financing public goods

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In a 2012 article written with Lucie Gadenne, Cagé showed that trade liberalization in developing countries generally “led to larger and longer-lived decreases in total tax revenues in developing countries since the 1970s than in rich countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The fall in total tax revenues lasts more than ten years in half the developing countries in our sample.” This led to serious reductions in the funds available for public goods indispensable for economic growth and development: education, health, infrastructure, etc.[23]

Media in Africa

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Work coauthored by Valeria Rueda studied the long-term consequences of the introduction of printing presses on the development of media in different African countries. They studied the impact of protestant missions in Africa based on their locations in 1903, some of which had their own printing presses to print bibles and educational materials. Cagé and Rueda found that “within regions close to missions, proximity to a printing press is associated with higher newspaper readership, trust, education, and political participation.” They also noted that missions without printing presses failed to show comparable improvements.[24][25] This extended her 2014 analysis of specific issues and challenges encountered in development specific to Africa, noting that this process in Africa may have been different from the comparable experience in other regions of the world.[26]

Development aid, international trade and reputations of countries

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In a series of articles written between 2009 and 2014, Cagé argued that development assistance is more effective in countries with greater transparency of information. She said that international aid organizations fail to give adequate weight to the quality of local media and democratic processes.[27][28]

In 2015 Cagé and Dorothée Rouzet documented how national brands can have a substantial impact on international trade. For this they study the coverage of different countries in the media of importing countries.[29] This work displayed a new way to understand the importance of information and credible media for economic development.[30]

Tax revenues and the fiscal cost of trade liberalization, 1792–2006

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In August 2018, Julia Cage and Lucie Gadenne wrote an article that looked on the impact of trade liberations of government revenues. They looked into how countries recovered their tax revenues that were lost by liberalizing trade via other sources of revenue. They found that trade liberalization led to larger and longer declines in tax revenues in developing countries versus today’s (19th and 20th century) rich countries. Their results implied that a decrease in trade tax affected the government’s ability to provide public services in developing countries in a negative way.[31]

Politics

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Supported François Hollande for President of France in 2012

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In the French presidential election of 2012, Cagé was one of nine economists publicly supporting the candidacy of François Hollande due to his platform, especially regarding economic growth and employment.[32]

Supported Benoît Hamon for President of France in 2017

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In January 2016, in the run-up to the presidential election in 2017, Cagé was one of eleven initiators of a call for primary on the left.[33][34] On 24 January 2017 she coauthored a call to support Benoît Hamon for the 2017 citizen's primary, entitled "For a credible and bold universal income."[35] La Tribune tweeted that these economists do not support a real universal income. Cagé replied that La Tribune was hallucinating, and "We (Saez, Chancel, Landais...) wrote a call to support a universal income."[36][37]

After the second round of the primary and the election of Benoît Hamon, Thomas Piketty provided more details behind the terms of payment of the proposal for a basic income supported by the call previously issued by him, Cagé, and others.[38] Cagé became Hamon's chief economist.[39]

Personal life

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In 2014 she married the economist Thomas Piketty.[40][41]

Other activities

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In November 2015, Cagé was named as one of five “qualified personalities” on the Board of Directors of Agence France-Presse.[42] She is also a member of the French Commission économique de la Nation (similar to the Council of Economic Advisors in the U.S.).[43] She has been a columnist for Alternatives économiques[44] and France Culture[45] and the show Le monde d'après sur France 3 [The world according to France 3].[46]

Selected bibliography

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  • Cagé, Julia (2016). Saving the media: Capitalism, crowdfunding and democracy. Harvard U. Pr. ISBN 9780674659759.
  • Cagé, Julia (19 December 2019). "Sciences Po". Sciences Po Department of Economics. Sciences Po. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  • Julia Cagé; Benoît Huet (2021). Information is a public good: Refound media ownership [L'information est un bien public: Refonder la propriété des médias] (in French). Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-148316-1. Wikidata Q117826247.

References

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  1. ^ Sophie Fay (27 May 2015). "Julia et Agathe Cagé, les sœurs douées". Le Nouvel Obs (in French). ISSN 0029-4713. Wikidata Q96951729..
  2. ^ L'annuaire, Association des anciens élèves, élèves et amis de l'école normale supérieure, 2005, retrieved 13 February 2017
  3. ^ Essays in the Political Economy of Information and Taxation, Sudoc.fr, 2013, retrieved 13 February 2017
  4. ^ Cagé, Julia (1 January 2013), Essays in the Political Economy of Information and Taxation (These de doctorat), theses.fr, retrieved 13 February 2017
  5. ^ Fay, Sophie (27 May 2015), "Julia et Agathe Cagé, les sœurs douées [Julia and Agathe Cagé, talented sisters", L'Obs, retrieved 13 February 2017. The Good Life, numéro 14, 2014. home page de Julia Cagé, février 2015. Cagé, Julia (January 2015), Julia Cagé's CV (PDF), retrieved 13 February 2017
  6. ^ a b Carasco, Aude (20 February 2015), "Julia Cagé, économiste : " L'information est un bien public " [Julia Cagé, economist: "Information is a public good"]", La Croix, retrieved 13 February 2017
  7. ^ Cagé, Julia, Julia Cagé's Homepage
  8. ^ The English translation is available as Julia Cagé (2016). Saving the Media: Capitalism, Crowdfunding, and Democracy. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65975-9. OL 30399843M. Wikidata Q54640583..
  9. ^ « Innover pour une presse de qualité », Les Échos, 5 février 2015
  10. ^ a b « Il faut considérer l'information comme un bien public », Libération, 14 février 2015 Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ « Y a-t-il un modèle économique pour sauver les médias ? », Télérama, 5 février 2015
  12. ^ « Il faut sauver les médias et se battre pour ce bien public », Les Inrocks, 6 février 2015
  13. ^ Hourdeaux, Jérôme (1 March 2015), Il faut réintroduire le temps de la qualité [We must reintroduce quality time], Mediapart, retrieved 13 February 2017
  14. ^ Alternatives économiques, mars 2015
  15. ^ a b « Faut-il réinventer les médias ? », Les matins de France culture, 5 février 2015
  16. ^ « L'information sur internet, on la survole », Europe 1 Social club, 10 février 2015
  17. ^ L'invité de l'économie, France 24, 6 février 2015
  18. ^ « À qui appartient l'information », France inter, L'instant M, 19 février 2015
  19. ^ Julia Cagé (5 February 2015), Sauver les médias. Capitalisme, financement participatif et démocratie (in French), Éditions du Seuil, Wikidata Q103081851, archived from the original on 5 November 2016.
  20. ^ Cagé, Julia (15 January 2014), Media Competition, Information Provision and Political Participation, Harvard University Economics Department, retrieved 12 February 2017
  21. ^ Les lauréats des prix des Assises 2016 - Journalisme.com [The 2016 winners of the Assises prize - Journalism.com], www.journalisme.com, 11 March 2016, archived from the original on 7 April 2016, retrieved 13 February 2017
  22. ^ Munier, Jacques (11 March 2016), "Qui fabrique l'info? [Who makes the news?]", France Culture, retrieved 13 February 2017
  23. ^ Cagé, Julia; Gadenne, Lucie (January 2014), Tax Revenues, Development, and the Fiscal Cost of Trade Liberalization, 1792-2006, Julia Cagé, retrieved 12 February 2017
  24. ^ Cagé, Julia; Rueda, Valeria (2016), "The Long-Term Effects of the Printing Press in sub-Saharan Africa", American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 8 (3): 69–99, doi:10.1257/app.20140379, retrieved 12 February 2017
  25. ^ Greenslade, Scott (20 January 2014), "Nigerian school stakes claim to have set up Africa's first printing press", The Guardian, retrieved 12 February 2017
  26. ^ Cagé, Julia (March 2014), "The Economics of the African Media", Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics, Oxford U. Pr., pp. 605–625, retrieved 13 February 2017
  27. ^ Cagé, Julia (2009), Asymmetric information, rent extraction and aid efficiency, Paris School of Economics, retrieved 13 February 2017
  28. ^ Cagé, Julia (2014), "Improving upon the World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessment: A New Performance Indicator Based on Aid Effectiveness", Journal of Globalization and Development, 5 (2): 213–233, doi:10.1515/jgd-2013-0007, S2CID 154643603, retrieved 13 February 2017
  29. ^ Cagé, Julia; Rouzet, Dorothée (2015), "Improving national brands. Reputation for quality and export promotion policies", Journal of International Economics, doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.12.013
  30. ^ Deschamps, Pascale-Marie (2 January 2012), "Apprennons à vendre français", Les Echos, retrieved 13 February 2017
  31. ^ Cage, Julia, Tax revenues and the fiscal cost of trade liberalization, 1792–2006, retrieved 23 April 2019
  32. ^ Aghion, Philippe; Aglietta, Michel; Cagé, Julia; Chalumeau, Thomas; Cohen, Daniel; Cohen, Elie; Lorenzi, Jean-Hervé; Mistral, Jacques; Piketty, Thomas (17 April 2012), "Nous, économistes, soutenons Hollande [We, economists, support Hollande]", Le Monde, retrieved 13 February 2017
  33. ^ "Pour une primaire a gauche [A primary for the Left]", Liberation, 10 January 2016, retrieved 13 February 2017
  34. ^ Notre Primaire (11 January 2016), Notre Primaire, retrieved 13 February 2017
  35. ^ Collectif (24 January 2017), "Piketty, Méda, Landais... Des économistes " pour un revenu universel crédible et audacieux " [Piketty, Méda, Landais... Economists "for a credible and bold universal income"]", Le Monde, retrieved 13 February 2017
  36. ^ Cagé, Julia (25 January 2017), Hallucinant ! Nous (Saez, Chancel, Landais...) écrivons une tribune de soutien au revenu universel & à Hamon @latribune écrit le contraire ! [Hallucination: We (Saez, Chancel, Landais, ...) wrote a call for support of a universal income, and Hamon @latribune wrote the opposite!], retrieved 13 February 2017
  37. ^ Best, Ivan (25 January 2017), "Piketty pour un revenu universel... non universel [Piketty supports a universal income .... that's not universal]", La Tribune, retrieved 13 February 2017
  38. ^ Piketty, Thomas (30 January 2017), "Notre revenu universel est-il vraiment universel? [Is our universal income truly universal?]", Le Monde, retrieved 13 February 2017
  39. ^ Manenti, Boris (12 February 2017), "Qui compose l'équipe de campagne de Benoît Hamon ? [Benoît Hamon's campaign team]", L'Obs, retrieved 13 February 2017
  40. ^ Fay, Sophie (19 November 2014), Son best-seller, "le Capital au XXIe siècle", atteindra bientôt le million d'exemplaires vendus. Et les thèses de l'économiste de 43 ans enthousiasment même le public chinois., L'Obs, retrieved 13 February 2017
  41. ^ Kochka, Boris (21 April 2014), "On Tour With Rock-Star Economist Thomas Piketty", New York Magazine, retrieved 13 February 2017
  42. ^ Julia CAGÉ appointed to the Supervisory Board of Agence France Presse (AFP), Science-Po Paris, 2015, retrieved 13 February 2017
  43. ^ Une composition et une orientation renouvelées pour la CEN [Renewed composition and orientation for the Economic Commission of the Nation (CEN)], French Treasury, 12 December 2014, archived from the original on 14 February 2015, retrieved 13 February 2017
  44. ^ Cagé, Julia (12 November 2014), "Loi Macron : et si les frondeurs avaient tout faux? [The Macron law -- and if the developers have it all wrong?]", Alternatives économiques, retrieved 13 February 2017
  45. ^ Rousset, Dominique (24 August 2015), L'Économie en questions, retrieved 13 February 2017
  46. ^ Giesbert, Franz-Olivier; Cagé, Julia, Le monde d'après, France 3, retrieved 13 February 2017
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