Juglans sigillata
| Juglans sigillata | |
|---|---|
,_Baihualin,_Yunnan,_China_1.jpg)
| |
| Juglans sigillata nuts | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Juglandaceae |
| Genus: | Juglans |
| Section: | Juglans sect. Juglans |
| Species: | J. sigillata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Juglans sigillata | |
Juglans sigillata, also called iron walnut, a direct translation of the Chinese name (Chinese: 泡核桃)[1][2] is a species of walnut, closely related to the Persian walnut Juglans regia. It is native to the eastern Himalayas and western China. The tree has been cultivated for its edible nuts, and there are at least 80 authorised or approved cultivars produced after successful implementation of grafting technology.[3]
This tree was long known in China, but was not formally described as a species until 1906, when it was given the scientific name Juglans sigillata by the French botanist Louis-Albert Dode.[4][5] It was then largely neglected in western scientific literature until it was studied by the Chinese botanists Kuang Keren (K.Z.Kuang) and Lu Anmin (A.M.Lu) for the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae in 1979.[6][1][7]
Description
[edit]Iron walnut is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching up to 25 m tall. The leaves are 15–50 cm long, alternate, compound, with 9–11(-15) leaflets, the leaflets 6-18 cm long and 3-8 cm wide, with entire or minutely serrated margins. The nuts are globose to oval, with a pointed apex and bumps and seal-like depressions (sigillatae, from which the scientific name derives) in the very thick, hard shell (from which the vernacular name "iron walnut" derives).[6][7][2]
Uses
[edit]The tree is widely cultivated in China for walnut production, and is also used for its wood. It is commonly found in Yunnan, China's top walnut producing region in terms of acreage and yield,[8] but are also found in Guizhou, Sichuan and Xizang in China. It is sometimes grown in gardens and parks as an ornamental plant; outside of its native range, it was first cultivated at Hackfalls Arboretum in New Zealand in about 2000, and then more widely from 2005.[2]
A 536.50-Mb genome has been sequenced to provide a solid foundation for additional genomic studies in nut crops and related species, as well providing valuable resources for plant breeders. Demonstrating an estimated divergence time between J. sigillata and the more widely cultivated Juglans regia 49 million years ago.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Xian-Yun Mu, Miao Sun, Pei-Fang Yang, and Qin-Wen Lin (Oct 9, 2017). "Unveiling the Identity of Wenwan Walnuts and Phylogenetic Relationships of Asian Juglans Species Using Restriction Site-Associated DNA-Sequencing". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 1708. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01708. PMC 5641410. PMID 29067029.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Grimshaw, John; Bayton, Ross (2009). New Trees. Richmond, Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-173-0. OCLC 428774409.
- ^ Zhang, Y (2004). "Germplasm resource of walnut in Yunnan and its exploitation and utilization". J Northwest for Univ. 19 (2): 38–40.
- ^ Dode, Louis-Albert (1906). "Bulletin de la Société dendrologique de France". Société dendrologique de France. pp. 94–98. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ a b "Juglans sigillata in Flora of China @ efloras.org". eFloras.org Home. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ a b Grimshaw, John M. (2004). "Notes on the temperate species of Juglans". International Dendrology Society Yearbook. 2003: 107–130. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
- ^ "China Forestry Yearbook 2017 | China YearBooks". Retrieved 2020-03-09.
- ^ Ning, De-Lu; Wu, Tao; Xiao, Liang-Jun; Ma, Ting; Fang, Wen-Liang; Dong, Run-Quan; Cao, Fu-Liang (2020-02-01). "Chromosomal-level assembly of Juglans sigillata genome using Nanopore, BioNano, and Hi-C analysis". GigaScience. 9 (2). doi:10.1093/gigascience/giaa006. PMC 7043058. PMID 32101299.
 | This Fagales article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |