John Stewart, 1st Earl of Traquair
John Stewart | |
|---|---|
| 1st Earl of Traquair | |
 | |
| Died | 27 March 1659 Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Catherine Carnegie |
| Issue | John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Traquair Margaret Douglas, Countess of Queensberry Elizabeth Murray |
| Father | John Stewart of Traquair |
| Mother | Margaret Stewart |
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Traquair (died 27 March 1659) was a Scottish statesman who was created Baron Stewart of Traquair in 1628 and Earl of Traquair in 1633.
Life
[edit]He was the son of John Stewart, the Younger, of Traquair in Peeblesshire, of a branch, originally illegitimate, of the house of Buchan. His mother was Margaret Stewart, a daughter of Andrew, Master of Ochiltree, and Margaret Stewart.[1] She was a lady-in-waiting in the household of Anne of Denmark.[2]
He was appointed Treasurer-depute of Scotland and an Extraordinary Lord of Session in 1630. In February 1633 Traquair visited building and repair works at Linlithgow Palace, Dunfermline Palace, and Stirling Castle.[3] In 1633 Charles I was crowned in Edinburgh, and Traquair was involved in repairing the Scottish crown jewels and the royal wardrobe.[4]
Traquair is said to have given the casting vote against John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino at his trial in 1634, but afterwards obtained his pardon. From 1636 to 1641 he held the office of Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, and aided Charles I in introducing the liturgy.[5]
He endeavoured to prevent a conflict by impressing on the king the necessity of caution and the danger of extreme measures against the rioters. He was, however, compelled to publish Charles's proclamation enforcing the use of the liturgy and forbidding hostile demonstrations on pain of treason (1638). This was followed by military measures in which Traquair assisted by secretly conveying munitions of war to Dalkeith Palace. He was, however, obliged to surrender the place with the regalia to the Covenanters (March 1639).[5]
After the Treaty of Berwick he was appointed the king's commissioner to the assembly at Edinburgh (August 1639), and he assented in writing to the act abolishing episcopacy, but prevented its ratification by adjourning the opening of parliament.[5]
His apparent double-dealing made him suspected by both parties, and in 1641 the Scottish parliament issued a warrant for his arrest. In his absence he was sentenced to death, but, although the king secured the remission of this penalty, he was dismissed from his office of treasurer, and in 1644, for repairing to the court and opposing the covenant, he was declared an enemy to religion and fined 40,000 marks.[5] Stewart was accused of being a freemason.[6]
His son, Lord Linton, whom he had sent to Montrose with a troop of horse, withdrew on the eve of the Battle of Philiphaugh (September 1645) and it has been supposed that Traquair betrayed Montrose's plans to David Leslie. He was readmitted to parliament in 1646, raised cavalry for the "engagement" between the king and the Covenanters, and was captured at Preston (1648). He was released by Oliver Cromwell in 1654, and died on 27 March 1659. He was succeeded by his only son John (c. 1622–1666), whose descendants held the title until 1861, when on the death of Charles, the 8th earl, it became dormant or extinct.[5]
Family
[edit]
He married Lady Catherine Carnegie, daughter of David Carnegie, 1st Earl of Southesk and had three children:
- John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Traquair (c. 1622–1666).
- Margaret Stewart, married James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Queensberry. Parents of William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry.
- Elizabeth Stewart, married Patrick Murray, 2nd Lord Elibank.
See also
[edit]- William Armstrong, outlaw employee of the Earl.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Balfour Paul, Scots Peerage, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 402-3.
- ^ Michael Pearce, 'Anna of Denmark: Fashioning a Danish Court in Scotland', The Court Historian, 24:2 (2019) p. 148.
- ^ John Imrie & John Dunbar, Accounts of the Masters of Works, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1982), pp. xciii, 307.
- ^ HMC 9th Report: Traquair House (London, 1884), p. 252.
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Steve Murdoch (2010). "Conspiratorial Networks in the North? A Review of Jacobite and Hanoverian Freemasons in Scandinavia and Russia, 1688-1746". Politica Hermetica, 24 Sorbonne. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
References
[edit]- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Traquair, Sir John Stewart, 1st Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 214. That article references:
- Spalding, Memorialls (Spalding Club)
- Sir James Balfour, Annals (ed. Haig, 1824)
- Dict. Nat. Biog., vol. liv.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1659 deaths
- Nobility from the Scottish Borders
- Lord high treasurers of Scotland
- Earls in the Peerage of Scotland
- Peers of Scotland created by Charles I
- Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
- Extraordinary Lords of Session
- Members of the Privy Council of Scotland
- 17th-century Scottish politicians
- 17th-century Scottish peers
- Lords High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
- Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1621
- Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1625
- Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1630
- Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1639–1641
- Treasurers-depute