Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette
Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Louis Jean-Baptiste de Thomas de la Valette |
| Born | 27 October 1753 Paris (France) |
| Died | 28 July 1794 (aged 40) guillotined Paris (France) |
| Allegiance |  France |
| Rank | Brigadier general |
| Unit | French National Guard (17th division) |
Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette or Louis Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette or Louis Jean-Baptiste de Thomas de la Valette, Count of la Valette, was a former noble turned Robespierrist.
He was elected lieutenant colonel commanding the Lombards battalion in September 1792. He served as commanding officer, leader of popular society, military governor, and lieutenant colonel.
He was guillotined on 10 Thermidor Year II (28 July 1794) in the wake of Thermidorian Reaction, as a Hanriot assistant and a Robespierrist,[3]
Early life
[edit]Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette was born in Paris on 27 October 1753 from Joseph François de Thomas de la Valette (1729-1765) and Marie d'Alencé.[4] He has two brothers and one sister:
- François Louis Clair de Thomas de la Valette (1750-1836), emigrated in 1789;[5]
- François Joseph Elisabeth de Thomas de la Valette, guillotined in 1794;[6]
- Marie Louise de Thomas de la Valette, emigrated with her family.[7]
Garde de la Marine in 1769, Jean-Baptiste de Lavalette was on 1 June 1772 a second lieutenant in the 7th Cuirassier Regiment called then Royal-Etranger Cavalry Regiment. He gave up his army career in 1774[3] and married Henriette Élisabeth von Thurn und Taxis in Saint-Max on 12 November 1778 and had three children.[8]
French Revolutionary Wars
[edit]Firstly commanding officer of the National Guard in Nancy, he settled in Paris in September 1790. He was required by the municipality to gather volunteers for the revolutionary Lombards section in Paris. He became commandant of the Oratoire Battalion then of an armed section of the Gardes Françaises on 12 August 1792.
In September 1792, he was elected lieutenant colonel commanding the Lombards battalion, took part in the Argonne campaign[9] then followed Durnouriez in Belgium.[10]
Temporary commandant in Brussels during the French occupation, he was one of the leaders of the popular society. When the Belgian Primary Assemblies were convened concerning the decision to attach Belgium to France, he went to Ghent on 22 February 1793 to assist the Commissioner Courtois.[11] As a result of their action, 2,000 Ghent citizens wished to attach Belgium to France.
He was assigned in Lille by Blaise Duval on 31 March 1793, appointed National Commissioner in Cambrai on 18 April to rally and retrain the troops from Belgium, then appointed temporary commandant of Cambrai by Dampierre in place of Claude Aubert (fr).
On 25 April 1793, he was appointed military governor of Lille. Promoted brigadier general in the Army of the Coasts of Brest on 15 May 1793, the Executive Council (fr) ordered him to stay in Lille to assist Favart (fr) in "operations having defence implications for this town by an officer who was already familiar with it, as a civic, energetic and militarily well-qualified partner".[12][note 1]
Dismissed for a first time by Duhem and Lesage-Senault because of a dispute with the general Lamarlière, he was imprisoned for indiscipline. But Robespierre himself took the Lavalette case to the National Convention and the general was freed of the charges on 24 July.[13]
Reinstated on 3 August, he reorganized the revolutionary army in Lille headed by Dufresse (fr). But on 9 December 1793 Bourdon de l'Oise criticized him before the National Convention for marrying a German emigrated princess and for denouncing patriots.[12]
The two representatives on mission Hentz et Florent-Guiot (fr) wound up his army and placed Lavalette under provisional arrest. Then, on 18 December 1793, on request of Duhem, the Convention adopted a decree which ordered that he had to be transferred to Paris.[3]
Thanks to Robespierre, on 23 Floréal (12 May 1794), the Committee of Public Safety adopted a decree which ordered his release and his reinstatement.
Lavalette asked to serve under Hanriot as a commander of a battalion of the French National Guard and joined the 17th division on 24 May 1794.
Notes
[edit]- ^ "toutes les opérations relatives à la défense de cette place par un officier qui la connaissait déjà, et sur le civisme, l'activité et les talents militaires duquel on pouvait compter"
References
[edit]- ^ Jean-Baptiste-Pierre-Jullien Courcelles (chevalier de) (1822). Histoire genealogique et heraldique des Pairs de France, des grands dignitaires de la couronne des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princieres de l'Europe, precedee de la genealogie de la maison de France. - Paris, Chez l'auteur 1822-1833. Chez L'Auteur. pp. 7–.
- ^ Relation du siège de Grave, en 1674, et de celui de Mayence, en 1689. Jombert. 1783. pp. 11–.
- ^ a b c Charles-Louis Chassin, Léon Clément Hennet, Les Volontaires nationaux pendant la révolution, vol. 2 : Historique militaire et états de services du 9e bataillon de Paris (Saint-Laurent) au 18e (bataillon des Lombards), levés en 1792, L. Cerf, 1902, p. 767-768, on Gallica
- ^ François Alexandre Aubert de la Chesnaye-Desbois (1764). Calendrier des princes et de la noblesse de France pour l'année 1764. p. 336.
- ^ Casimir François Henri Barjavel (1841). Dictionnaire historique, biographique et bibliographique du département de Vaucluse: ou, Recherches pour servir à l'histoire scientifique, littéraire et artistique, ainsi qu'à l'histoire religieuse, civile et militaire des villes et arrondissements d'Avignon, de Carpentras, d'Apt et d'Orange. L. Devillario. pp. 487–.
- ^ Alcide Hyacinthe Du Bois de Beauchesne; Elizabeth Philippine Mary Helen (princess of France.) (1870). La vie de madame Élisabeth sœur de Louis xvi. pp. 392–.
- ^ Nicolas Viton de Saint Allais (1815). Nobiliare universel de France, ou recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume. pp. 13–.
- ^ "Louis Jean Baptiste de THOMAS de La VALETTE - Généalogie WAILLY - Geneanet".
- ^ Arthur Chuquet (1792). Les guerres de la Révolution. Léon Chailley. p. 47.
- ^ Revue du nord. Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines. 1919.
- ^ Émile Auguste Nicolas Jules Bégin (1829). Biographie de la Moselle: ou, Histoire par ordre alphab́etique de toutes les personnes nées dans ce département, qui se sont fait remarquer par leurs actions, leurs talens, leurs écrits, leurs vertus, ou leurs crimes. Verronnais. pp. 299–.
- ^ a b Arthur Chuquet (1894). "Valenciennes (1793)" (in French). American Libraries.
- ^ Ernest Hamel (1867). Histoire de Robespierre d'après des papiers de famille: La Montagne. 1867. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven & Cie. pp. 74.