Indonesia–South Africa relations
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Indonesia and South Africa established formal diplomatic relations on 12 August 1994.[1] The South African Embassy in Jakarta was established in January 1995, and Indonesia opened its embassy in Pretoria in 1995.[2] Both nations are members of numerous organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), Non-Aligned Movement, Indian-Ocean Rim Association, Cairns Group, CIVETS and G-20 major economies. In 2012, during a briefing on Foreign Policy initiatives for 2012, Indonesia named South Africa amongst its 14 strategic partners and Dutch colonial period East Indies overseas countries (including Dutch-speaking countries outside the Kingdom of the Netherlands).[3]
According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, Indonesians' perception of South Africa are divided between 36% a negative view, and 33% expressing a positive one, this is about the same as global average opinion on South Africa.[4]
History
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Although formal diplomatic relations were only established in the 1990s, the historical links between Indonesia and South Africa go back to the 17th century. In 1693 Sheikh Yusuf from Makassar was exiled to the Cape of Good Hope, because he assisted Banten Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa's rebellion against the Dutch. At that time, the Dutch colonized both the Cape of Good Hope (now the city of Cape Town) and the Dutch East Indies (centered in Batavia). Yusuf's arrival in Cape Town established the Malay Muslim community in South Africa, as the town served as a penal settlement for convicts and political exiles from East Indies.
During the Apartheid period, Indonesia joined the rest of the Asian countries in avoiding official relations with South Africa, however in 1968, Indonesia unofficially opened secret military and intelligence relations with South Africa through the Estado Novo regime of Portugal as well as through Israel. It was widely known that from 1968-69 onwards, Indonesia shared intelligence with South Africa and Israel through Portugal, Iran, and Turkey[5]
Indonesian-South African relations were formalized through the establishment of diplomatic relations in August 1994. The South African Embassy in Jakarta was established in January 1995 and officially opened by the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr A Nzo, on 14 July 1997. The South African Embassy in Jakarta is also accredited to ASEAN in order to maintain close interaction with the regional body, and also accredited to East Timor since 2009 on a non-residential basis.[6]
From the 23rd to 24 August 2023, Indonesian President Joko Widodo attended the 15th BRICS summit in Johannesburg.[7][8]
Trade and commerce
[edit]South Africa is Indonesia's largest trade partner in Africa which accounted for 22.18 percent of Indonesia's total trade with Africa in 2011.[9] Trade between the two countries has seen a steady increase over the past few years and has the potential to grow. Bilateral trade between the two countries reached US$2.14 billion in 2011. Indonesia's exports were valued at US$1.44 billion in 2011 while imports were around US$705.78 million, resulting in a US$730.81 million trade surplus in favour of Indonesia.[6] The South African market is one of Indonesia's key non-traditional markets, which is expected to drive future exports.
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Indonesia and South Africa as of 12 Aug. 1994". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Indonesia and South Africa". Indonesian Embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Retrieved 7 June 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "South Africa (Republic) - Diplomatic Privileges & Immunity". Foreign Law Guide. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
- ^ 2013 World Service Poll Archived 2015-10-10 at the Wayback Machine BBC
- ^ Mahomed Mahida, Ebrahim. History of Muslims in South Africa: A Chronology. South African History Online. Archived from the original on 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
- ^ a b "South African Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia". South African Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ^ Erwanti, Marlinda O. (20 August 2023). "Jokowi Akan Berkunjung ke Afrika, Pertama Kali Sejak Jadi Presiden". detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ "Presiden Jokowi Lakukan Rangkaian Kunjungan ke Afrika". Presiden Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ "Exploring Africa, Mainstreaming Indonesia's Economic Diplomacy in Non-traditional Market". Centre for Policy Analysis and Development on Asia-Pacific and African Regions, Policy Analysis and Development Agency. Ministry of Foreign Affair of the Republic of Indonesia: 80. 2012.
External links
[edit]- Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Pretoria, South Africa[permanent dead link]
- The Embassy of South Africa in Jakarta, Indonesia
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