Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows
| Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows | |
|---|---|
 Grand cross of the order. | |
Awarded by the  Spanish State | |
| Type | State/military order |
| Established | 1 October 1937 |
| Motto | To Caesar what is Caesar's and to God what is God's (Al César lo que es del César y a Dios lo que es de Dios) |
| Status | Abolished in 2022 |
| Founder | Francisco Franco |
| Grades | Grand Collar Grand Cross Commendation with Plaque Commendation Medal |
| Statistics | |
| First induction | 1937 |
| Last induction | 1976 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | None, highest |
 Ribbon of the order | |
The Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows (Spanish: Orden Imperial del Yugo y las Flechas) was a Spanish state and military order. It was established in 1937 under the dictatorship of Caudillo Francisco Franco and discontinued in 1976 following Franco's death and during the Spanish transition to democracy.[1][2][3] The order was formally abolished in October 2022 under the Democratic Memory Law.[4] The order came in five grades.[3][5][6]
History
[edit]The Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows was established on 1 October 1937 by Francisco Franco during the second year of the Spanish Civil War.[2] The symbol of the yoke and arrows, known in Spanish as the yugo and flechas, was a symbol of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain during the late 15th and early 16th century, but was also used as a symbol of Falangism.[1] The motto of the order was "To Caesar what is Caesar's and to God what is God's," in reference to Jesus' saying from Chapter 22 in the Gospel of Matthew.[2][3] On 27 January 1943, a decree established that the award would be one of the leaders of the Falangist movement in Francoist Spain.[2][6] The award was discontinued in 1976 during the Spanish transition to democracy but was not formally abolished until 2022.[3][4]
Notable recipients
[edit]Spanish recipients
[edit]
Juan Cabanas, 19 May 1939 (Commendation)[7]
Francisco Javier Conde, 18 July 1952 (Commendation with Plaque)[8]- Francisco Corbellini Obregón, 18 July 1952 (Commendation)[8]
- Manuel Díez-Alegría, 18 July 1969 (Grand Cross)[9]
- Francisco Franco, 1 October 1937 (Grand Collar)[1]
- Cristóbal González-Aller y Balseyro, 18 July 1952 (Commendation with Plaque)[8]
- Leonardo López Fernández, 18 July 1952 (Commendation)[8]
- José Martínez Maza, 18 July 1952 (Commendation with Plaque)[8]
- Aurelio Morazo Palomino, 18 July 1952 (Commendation)[8]
- Francisco Priede González, 18 July 1952 (Medal)[8]
- Manuel María Rincón, 19 March 1940 (Commendation)[10]
- Adolfo Suárez, 4 July 1975 (Grand Cross)[11]
- Theo Roger, 19 March 1940 (Commendation)[10]
- Luis Vilches, 18 July 1952 (Medal)[8]
Foreign recipients
[edit]
Arturo Bocchini, 19 May 1939 (Grand Cross)[7]
Óscar Carmona, 19 May 1939 (Grand Collar)[7]- Francisco Craveiro Lopes, 14 May 1953 (Grand Collar)[12]
Faisal II of Iraq, 18 May 1956 (Grand Cross)[13]
Heinrich Himmler, 19 May 1939 (Grand Cross)[7]- Adolf Hitler, 4 October 1937 (Grand Collar)[1]
- Georg Kolbe, 19 May 1939 (Commendation with Plaque)[7]
- Hans Lammers, 9 February 1941 (Medal)[14][15]
- Giandomenico De Marchis, 19 May 1939 (Commendation)[7]
Mohammed V of Morocco, 3 April 1956 (Grand Collar)[16]- Eugenio Morelli, 7 May 1940 (Commendation)[10]
- Benito Mussolini, 4 October 1937 (Grand Collar)[1][17][18]
- Ettore Muti, 3 June 1940 (Grand Cross)[10]
Hugh Pollard, 4 October 1937 (Grand Cross)[2]
Claro M. Recto, 19 March 1940 (Commendation)[10]- Joachim von Ribbentrop, 28 May 1940 (Grand Collar)[10]
José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, 9 October 1941 (Grand Cross)[19]- Nuri al-Said, 1 April 1952 (Grand Cross)[20]
Saud of Saudi Arabia, 1 April 1952 (Grand Cross)[21]
Sami Solh, 1 April 1952 (Grand Cross)[22]- Victor Emmanuel III, 4 October 1937 (Grand Collar)[1]
Gallery
[edit]-
Coat of arms of Francisco Franco with the award -
Medal of the award
.svg)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "Gobierno del Estado" [Government of the State] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 4 October 1937. pp. 349–350. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "Breast Badge of the Order of the Yoke and Arrows, Spain Breast Badge Orden Imperial del Yugo y las Flechas, España". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d Victor de Miguel (20 March 2018). "España – La Orden Imperial del Yugo y las Flechas (1937–1976)" [Spain – The Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows (1937–1976)]. V.F.M.R Orders&Medals (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ a b s. 41(2) "Ley 20/2022, de 19 de octubre, de Memoria Democrática". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 21 October 2022. pp. 142367–142421.
- ^ "Spain (1938–1975, Spanish State dictatorship)". Traces of War. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Gobierno de la Nación" [Government of the Nation] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 29 January 1943. p. 974. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Jefatura del Estado" [Leadership of the State] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 19 May 1939. p. 2,719. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Gobierno de la Nación" [Government of the Nation] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 18 July 1952. p. 3,316. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Decreto 1494/1969, de 18 de julio, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden Imperial del Yugo y las Flechas a don Manuel Díez-Alegría Gutiérrez" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (171). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado: 11399. 18 July 1969. ISSN 0212-033X.
- ^ a b c d e f "Jefatura del Estado" [Leadership of the State] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 28 May 1940. p. 3,997. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Otras Disposiciones" [Other Provisions] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 5 July 1975. p. 14,649. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Jefatura del Estado" [Leadership of the State] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 15 May 1953. p. 2,804. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Gobierno de la Nación" [Government of the Nation] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 20 May 1956. p. 3,282. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Lammers, Hans Heinrich". Traces of War. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Orden Imperial del Yugo y las Flechas Medalla" [Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows Medal]. Traces of War. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Gobierno de la Nación" [Government of the Nation] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 4 April 1956. p. 2,274. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Mussolini, Benito Amilcare Andrea". Traces of War. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Orden Imperial del Yugo y las Flechas Gran Cruz" [Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows Grand Cross]. Traces of War. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "FRA-JRAO. SERIE: Diplomas, homenajes, constancias y condecoraciones" (PDF). Archivo Histórico Riva Agüero (in Spanish). Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. 8 August 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Gobierno de la Nación" [Government of the Nation] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 19 April 1952. p. 1,767. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Gobierno del Estado" [Government of the State] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 22 April 1952. p. 1,862. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Jefatura del Estado" [Leadership of the State] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (PFD) (in Spanish). 1 April 1952. p. 1,534. Retrieved 3 February 2021.