Iku-Shamagan

Iku-Shamagan
𒄿𒆪𒀭𒊭𒈠𒃶
Iku-Shamagan; 𒄿𒆪𒀭𒊭𒈠𒃶
King of Mari
	Statue of Iku-Shamagan, Temple of Ninni-Zaza, Mari. National Museum of Damascus
Reign	c. 2500 BC Middle Chronology
Predecessor	Ikun-Shamash
Successor	Ishqi-Mari
King of Mari

Mari

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Location of Mari, where Ikun-Shamash ruled.

Iku-Shamagan (𒄿𒆪𒀭𒊭𒈠𒃶, i-ku-^Dsha-ma-gan)^[3]^[4] was a King of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2500 BCE. He is one of three Mari kings known from archaeology, Ikun-Shamash probably being the oldest one.^[5] Another king was Ishqi-Mari, also known from an inscribed statue.^[6]^[7]^[8]

In their inscriptions, these Mari kings used the Akkadian language, whereas their contemporaries to the south used the Sumerian language.^[5]

Vase

A vase mentioning Iku-Shamagan "in an early semitic dialect" is also known:^[9]^[10]

"For Iku-Shamagan, king of Mari, Shuweda the cup-bearer, son of ... the merchant, dedicated this vessel to the river god and Ishtarat"
— Vessel inscription.^[10]^[11]

Statue

Iku-Shamagan is known from a statue with inscription, discovered by André Parrot in 1952.^[5]^[12]^[13] The statue, in the National Museum of Damascus, was restored by the Louvre Museum in 2011.^[14]

Iku-Shamagan's votive statue was dedicated through an inscription on the back of the statue:^[14]

𒄿𒆪𒀭𒊭𒈠𒃶 / 𒈗𒈠𒌷𒆠 / 𒀋 / 𒊕𒂅 / 𒊨𒋤 / 𒀭𒈹𒍝𒍝 / 𒊕𒄸𒁺

i-ku-^Dsha-ma-gan / lugal ma-ri2^ki / abba2 / sa12du5 / dul3su3 / ^DMUSZ3xZA.ZA / sa12rig9

"Of Iku-Shamagan, king of Mari, his surveyor has dedicated the statue to Ninni-zaza"
— Inscription on the statue of Iku-Shamagan^[4]^[15]

The statue was discovered in Mari, in the Temple Ninni-zaza.^[14]

The statue was heavily damaged during the conquest by the armies of the Empire of Akkad circa 2300 BCE.^[14]^[16]

Asma al-Assad and Marisa Leticia looking at the statue of Iku-Shamagan in the National Museum of Damascus
Statue of Iku-Shamagan with votive inscription on the back of the right shoulder.^[17]^[18] National Museum of Damascus
Iku-Shamagan (detail)

Regnal titles
King Iku-Shamagan of Mari
Preceded by Ikun-Shamash	King of Mari 2500 BCE	Succeeded by (...) Ishqi-Mari

Citations

^ Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. pp. 87–89. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^ Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. 30 (3/4): 196–221. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4196708.
^ "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.
^ ^a ^b LAMBERT, Maurice (1970). "Les inscriptions des temples d'Ishtarat et de Ninni-zaza". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 64 (2): 168–171. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23283417.
^ ^a ^b ^c Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 86. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
^ Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 88. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^ Alfred Haldar (1971). Who Were the Amorites. p. 16.
^ Margueron, Jean-Claude (2018). Akh Purattim 2 (in French). MOM Éditions. p. 86. ISBN 978-2-35668-183-6.
^ ^a ^b Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
^ "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.
^ Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari. Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. Archéologie, Art et Histoire. 30 (3): 196–221. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901.
^ Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. 30 (3/4): Plates XXI-XXII. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4196708.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Louvre Recherche Scientifique" (PDF). 2011: 180–181. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-04-07. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.
^ Statue of Iku-Shamagan at time of discovery "Mission Archéologique de Mari. Volume III only : Les Temples D'Ishtarat et de Ninni-Zaza by PARROT André on Meretseger Books". Meretseger Books.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. pp. 87–89. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^ Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. 30 (3/4): 196–221. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4196708.

[1] Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. pp. 87–89. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[2] Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. 30 (3/4): 196–221. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4196708.

[3] "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.

[ML-4] LAMBERT, Maurice (1970). "Les inscriptions des temples d'Ishtarat et de Ninni-zaza". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 64 (2): 168–171. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23283417.

[AS-5] Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 86. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[6] Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.

[7] Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 88. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[Hamblin-8] Alfred Haldar (1971). Who Were the Amorites. p. 16.

[9] Margueron, Jean-Claude (2018). Akh Purattim 2 (in French). MOM Éditions. p. 86. ISBN 978-2-35668-183-6.

[AFC-10] Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.

[11] "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.

[12] Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari. Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. Archéologie, Art et Histoire. 30 (3): 196–221. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901.

[13] Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. 30 (3/4): Plates XXI-XXII. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4196708.

[Louvre-14] "Louvre Recherche Scientifique" (PDF). 2011: 180–181. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-04-07. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[15] "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.

[16] Statue of Iku-Shamagan at time of discovery "Mission Archéologique de Mari. Volume III only : Les Temples D'Ishtarat et de Ninni-Zaza by PARROT André on Meretseger Books". Meretseger Books.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[17] Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. pp. 87–89. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[18] Parrot, André (1953). "Les fouilles de Mari Huitième campagne (automne 1952)". Syria. 30 (3/4): 196–221. doi:10.3406/syria.1953.4901. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4196708.

[19] Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.

[20] Hallo, W.; Simpson, W. (1971). The Ancient Near East. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.

[21] "Rulers of Mesopotamia". cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.

[22] Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.

[23] Roux, Georges (1992). Ancient Iraq. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables). ISBN 978-0-14-193825-7.

[SKL-24] Per Sumerian King List

[25] Unger, Merrill F. (2014). Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-62564-606-4.

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