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Hanis language

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This article is about the language. For the Akkadian god, see Hani (god).
Hanis
Coos
há·nis
Native toUnited States
RegionCoos Bay, Oregon
EthnicityHanis people
Extinct1972, with the death of Martha Harney Johnson[1]
Revival2007
Coosan
  • Hanis
Language codes
ISO 639-3csz
Glottologcoos1249
ELPHanis
Hanis is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
[2]

Hanis, or Coos, was one of two Coosan languages of Oregon, and the better documented. It was spoken north of the Miluk around the Coos River and Coos Bay. The há·nis was the Hanis name for themselves. The last speaker of Hanis was Martha Harney Johnson, who died in 1972.[3][4] Another speaker was Annie Miner Peterson, who worked with linguist Melville Jacobs to document the language.[5]

As of 2007, classes in Hanis were offered by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians.[3] A book and CD, Hanis for Beginners, were published in 2011, and a companion website is available for tribal members at hanis.org.[6]

Phonology

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Vowels /i ɛ a u/ may be long or short; there is also a short /ə/.

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Velar Uvular Glottal
plain sibilant lateral
Plosive/
Affricate 		plain p t ts tɬ tʃ k q ʔ
aspirated pʰ tʰ tsʰ tɬʰ tʃʰ kʰ qʰ
ejective pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ
Fricative voiceless s ɬ ʃ x χ h
voiced ɣ
Sonorant m n l j w

The /p t ts tɬ tʃ k q/ series are optionally voiced. /l m n/ may be syllabic. Stress is phonemic.

Sounds /k kʰ kʼ/ may be heard as palatalized [c cʰ cʼ] when before front vowels. /k kʰ kʼ x h/ may also have labialized equivalents as [kʷ kʷʰ kʼʷ xʷ hʷ].

References

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  1. ^ Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas : Vol I: Maps. Vol II: Texts. Mühlhäusler, Peter, Tryon, Darrell T., Wurm, Stephen A. (Originally published 1996 ed.). Berlin ;New York: De Gruyter. 1996. ISBN 9783110134179. OCLC 838711368.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
  3. ^ a b Hanis language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  4. ^ Whereat, Patty (June 2001). "Hanis Tlii'iis: Hanis Coos Language: A Word List" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-04-05. Fragments of the language can be scarcely found in Martha's husbands side of the family where she passed some pieces down to her grandchildren. The family name of her husbands side was the common last name of Bennett, also residents of Oregon.
  5. ^ Whereat, Don (October 1991). "Coos Language and Ethnology" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-04-05.
  6. ^ "Hanis for Beginners" (PDF). Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
  • Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1913). Coos texts. California University contributions to anthropology (Vol. 1). New York: Columbia University Press. (Reprinted 1969 New York: AMS Press).
  • Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1922). Coos: An illustrative sketch. In Handbook of American Indian languages (Vol. 2, pp. 297–299, 305). Bulletin, 40, pt. 2. Washington:Government Print Office (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology).
  • Grant, Anthony. (1996). John Milhau's 1856 Hanis vocabularies: Coos dialectology and philology. In V. Golla (Ed.), Proceedings of the Hokan–Penutian workshop: University of Oregon, Eugene, July 1994 and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, July 1995. Survey of California and other Indian languages (No. 9). Berkeley, CA: Survey of California and Other Languages.
  • Pierce, Joe E. 1971. Hanis (Coos) phonemics. Linguistics 75. 31-42.
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