Jump to content

IRAS 04125+2902 b

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
IRAS 04125+2902 b
Artist's impression of the IRAS 04125+2902 system.
Discovery[1]
Discovered byMadyson Barber et al.
Discovery dateNovember 20, 2024
Transit
Designations
TIDYE-1b
Orbital characteristics[2]
8.83 days
StarIRAS 04125+2902
Physical characteristics[2]
0.96 RJ
Mass<90 M🜨
(<0.3 MJ)

IRAS 04125+2902 b (TIDYE-1 b) is an extrasolar planet orbiting a young protostar. It is the youngest transiting exoplanet so far discovered, with an age of just three million years.

Characteristics

[edit]

The planet has a mass less than 0.3 Jupiter masses (90 Earth masses) and a radius nearly equal to that of Jupiter, just 4% smaller, or the same as 10.8 Earth radii.[2] It is still enshourded in an hydrogen envelope, and will shed its outer layers during its evolution, shrinking to a radius between two to four R🜨 and becoming either a super-Earth or a mini-Neptune. The planet's large radius and low mass make it a potential candidate for follow-up observations with the James Webb Space Telescope.[3]

It has a compact orbit around its host star, completing an orbit every just 8.8 days. Its short orbit and high mass mean that it likely formed at a larger distance and then migrated to inner regions, as regions so close to the host star don't have sufficient mass to form large planets.[3]

With an age of just three million years, IRAS 04125+2902 b is the youngest transiting exoplanet so far discovered,[3][4][1] and also one of the youngest exoplanets, only a couple of younger <13 MJ objects are listed in the NASA Exoplanet Archive.[5]

Discovery

[edit]
How the transit method works.

IRAS 04125+2902 b was detected using the transit method, which consists of observing small, regular dips in the brightness of the host star. These dips are planetary transits and happen when the planet passes through its host star as viewed from an observer.[6] Data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite was analysed by the astronomer Madyson Barber and colleagues, allowing the planet detection.[1] Its discovery and confirmation was published in November 20, 2024, in the journal Nature.[2]

The planet has also the nickname TIDYE-1 b, derived from the TESS Investigation – Demographics of Young Exoplanets (TIDYE) project.[3]

Host star

[edit]
IRAS 04125+2902

IRAS 04125+2902 (blue star in the middle) and its companion (yellow star below)
Credit: Pan-STARRS & Meli_thev
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Taurus[7]
Right ascension 04h 15m 42.7871s[8]
Declination +29° 09′ 59.832″[8]
Apparent magnitude (V) 15.487±0.003[9]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Protostar[2]
Spectral type M1.25±0.25[9]
Variable type T Tauri[10]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)13.35±0.39[8] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +21.811 mas/yr[8]
Dec.: −18.145 mas/yr[8]
Parallax (π)6.2474 ± 0.0270 mas[8]
Distance522 ± 2 ly
(160.1 ± 0.7 pc)
Details[9]
Primary
Mass0.6[2] M☉
Radius1.5±0.1 R☉
Luminosity0.40±0.06 L☉
Temperature3,720±70 K
Companion
Mass<50 MJup
Other designations
TIC 56658270, IRAS IRAS 04125+2902, 2MASS J04154278+2909597, WISE J041542.77+290959.5
Database references
SIMBADdata

IRAS 04125+2902 is a M-type star and a T Tauri variable[10] located in the Taurus Molecular Cloud, 160 parsecs (520 light-years) from Earth.[1] This young protostar has 70% of the Sun's mass,[2] 1.5 times the Sun's radius and an effective temperature of 3,720 K (3,450 °C; 6,240 °F).[9] It is surrounded by a transitional disk, inclined at 30° relative to Earth, and has a wide companion at a projected distance of 635 astronomical units (9.50×1010 km).[2] The companion was discovered in 2009. It is 4 arcseconds distant from IRAS 04125+2902 and is called 2MASS J04154269+2909558. It does not show any infrared excess.[11] Gaia astrometry is similar between 2MASS J04154269+2909558 and IRAS 04125+2902.[8] A spectrum of the companion was taken in 2009 with the Hobby–Eberly Telescope and published in 2017, showing a spectral type of M6.5.[12]

The companions and the host star's equator are aligned, but the disk is not, and the reason for the misaligment of the disk is unclear.[2] It could be due to planetary migration in the past which misaligned the orbit of IRAS 04125+2902 b's orbit, but such hypothesis require the existence of another planet in the system, which has not been detected. Another hypothesis suggest that rains of infalling material from the surrounding Taurus Molecular Cloud could be the cause of this misaligment, as those places are densely packed.[4]

A 2015 study found that the dust disk around the star is truncated, which could be caused by disk evolution or by a eccentric companion. It is unlikely that the wide companion is the responsible for the disk truncation, as its projected distance is much larger than the dust disk's outer limit, but given that the orbital eccentricity of the companion is unknown, this remains plausible.[9]

The IRAS 04125+2902 planetary system[9][2]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b <0.3 MJ — 8.83 — — 0.98 RJ
Wall/Inner edge <18 AU 20° —
Dust disk 20–60 AU <30° —

See also

[edit]
  • V830 Tauri – Similar to IRAS 04125+2902 and has an unconfirmed planet

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d https://phys.org/news/2024-11-young-planet-discovery-insight-formation.html
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barber, Madyson G.; Mann, Andrew W.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Krolikowski, Daniel; Kraus, Adam; Ansdell, Megan; Pearce, Logan; Mace, Gregory N.; Andrews, Sean M.; Boyle, Andrew W.; Collins, Karen A.; De Furio, Matthew; Dragomir, Diana; Espaillat, Catherine; Feinstein, Adina D. (November 2024). "A giant planet transiting a 3-Myr protostar with a misaligned disk". Nature. 635 (8039): 574–577. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08123-3. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 39567788.
  3. ^ a b c d Wenz, John (2024-11-20). "Young, shrouded super-Neptune could help teach us how such worlds form". Astronomy Magazine. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  4. ^ a b "Discovery Alert: A Rare Glimpse of a Newborn Planet - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  5. ^ "NASA Exoplanet Archive". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  6. ^ Feehly, Conor (2024-11-20). "Scientists find extremely young exoplanet orbiting star with a wonky disk". Space.com. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  7. ^ "Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates". djm.cc. 2 August 2008. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Espaillat, C.; Andrews, S.; Powell, D.; Feldman, D.; Qi, C.; Wilner, D.; D’Alessio, P. (2015-07-09). "The Transitional Disk Around Iras 04125+2902". The Astrophysical Journal. 807 (2): 156. arXiv:1506.01007. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807..156E. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/807/2/156. ISSN 1538-4357.
  10. ^ a b "IRAS 04125+2902". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
  11. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Mamajek, E. E.; Allen, P. R.; Cruz, K. L. (2009-09-01). "An Infrared/X-Ray Survey for New Members of the Taurus Star-Forming Region". The Astrophysical Journal. 703 (1): 399–419. arXiv:0911.5451. Bibcode:2009ApJ...703..399L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/399. ISSN 0004-637X.
  12. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Mamajek, E. E.; Shukla, S. J.; Loutrel, N. P. (2017-01-01). "A Survey for New Members of the Taurus Star-forming Region with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (1): 46. arXiv:1610.09412. Bibcode:2017AJ....153...46L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/46. ISSN 0004-6256.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRAS_04125%2B2902_b&oldid=1258737366"