Hyllus ignotus
| Hyllus ignotus | |
|---|---|
| |
| A related species, Hyllus argyrotoxus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | Hyllus |
| Species: | H. ignotus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hyllus ignotus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2022
| |
Hyllus ignotus is a species of jumping spider in the genus Hyllus that is endemic to Ivory Coast. The female of the species was first described in 2022 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith. The male has not been identified. It is large, with a carapace typically 3.7 mm (0.15 in) long and a abdomen 5.3 mm (0.21 in) long. The spider is brown and with a white pattern on the back of the abdomen. Its epigyne has two pockets that stretch down the middle of its length and copulatory openings that are close together.
Taxonomy
[edit]Hyllus ignotus is a jumping spider that was first described by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2022.[1] It is one of over 500 species identified by the Polish arachnologist Wesołowska.[2] The species name is a Latin word that means unknown.[3] It was allocated to the genus Hyllus, first raised by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846. The genus is similar to Evarcha, differing in size.[4] Molecular analysis confirms that they are related but the precise relationship between the genera is unknown and species from one genus are sometimes misidentified as members of the other.[5][6] The genus is found throughout Africa and contains one of the largest jumping spiders discovered.[7]
In Wayne Maddison's 2015 study of spider phylogenetic classification, the genus Hyllus was placed in the clade Saltafresia.[8] He considered that it a member of the subtribe Plexippina in the tribe Plexippini.[9] Two years later, in 2017, Jerzy Prószyński grouped the genus with nine other genera of jumping spiders under the name Hyllines, which was named after the genus. He used the shape of the embolus as a distinguishing sign for the group.[10] Hyllines was itself tentatively placed within a supergroup named Hylloida, again named after the genus.[11]
Description
[edit]The spider is large. The female has a round brown cephalothorax that is typically 3.7 mm (0.15 in) long and 3.0 mm (0.12 in) wide. It has a large dark brown carapace that has long brown bristles alongside the eyes and two thin white lines beneath the eyes. The chelicerae are brown. The abdomen is more swollen in shape and lighter brown, typically 5.3 mm (0.21 in) long and 3.0 mm (0.12 in) wide. It has a white streak in the middle on the top and bristles around the edges. The underside is dark brown. The legs are black and hairy. The spinnerets are blackish.[12] The epigyne has two pockets that stretch down the middle of its length. The copulatory openings are close together and lead to simple spermathecae.[13] The male has not been described.[1]
Distribution
[edit]Hyllus ignotus is endemic to Ivory Coast.[1] The male holotype was found in Lamto in Bandama Forest in 1975.[3]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c World Spider Catalog (2023). "Hyllus ignotus Wesolowska & Russell-Smith, 2022". World Spider Catalog. 24.0. Bern: Natural History Museum. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
- ^ Wiśniewski 2020, p. 6.
- ^ a b Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2022, p. 32.
- ^ Maddison 2015, p. 250.
- ^ Maddison & Hedin 2003, p. 540.
- ^ Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2011, pp. 570.
- ^ Wesołowska & Cumming 2004, p. 579.
- ^ Maddison 2015, p. 246.
- ^ Maddison 2015, p. 280.
- ^ Prószyński 2017, p. 35.
- ^ Prószyński 2017, p. 31.
- ^ Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2022, pp. 32–33.
- ^ Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2022, p. 34.
Bibliography
[edit]- Maddison, Wayne P. (2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". The Journal of Arachnology. 43 (3): 231–292. doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292. S2CID 85680279.
- Maddison, Wayne P.; Hedin, Marshal C. (2003). "Jumping spider phylogeny (Araneae: Salticidae)". Invertebrate Systematics. 17 (4): 529–549. doi:10.1071/IS02044.
- Prószyński, Jerzy (2017). "Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae)". Ecologica Montenegrina. 12: 1–133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1.
- Wesołowska, Wanda; Cumming, Meg S. (2004). "A redescription and natural history of Hyllus treleaveni Peckham et Peckham, 1902, the largest jumping spider in Africa (Araneae: Salticidae)". Annales Zoologici, Warszawa. 54: 579–586.
- Wesołowska, Wanda; Russell-Smith, Anthony (2011). "Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Southern Nigeria". Annales Zoologici. 63 (3): 553–561. doi:10.3161/000345411X603409. S2CID 83517018.
- Wesołowska, Wanda; Russell-Smith, Anthony (2022). "Jumping spiders from Ivory Coast collected by J.-C. Ledoux (Araneae, Salticidae)". European Journal of Taxonomy. 841: 1–143. doi:10.5852/ejt.2022.841.1943.
- Wiśniewski, Konrad (2020). "Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska". Zootaxa. 4899 (1): 5–14. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.3. PMID 33756825. S2CID 232337200.