Hutt (New Zealand electorate)

Hutt was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was one of the original electorates in 1853 and existed during two periods until 1978. It was represented by 13 Members of Parliament.

Population centres

The Representation Act 1900 had increased the membership of the House of Representatives from general electorates 70 to 76, and this was implemented through the 1902 electoral redistribution. In 1902, changes to the country quota affected the three-member electorates in the four main centres. The tolerance between electorates was increased to ±1,250 so that the Representation Commissions (since 1896, there had been separate commissions for the North and South Islands) could take greater account of communities of interest. These changes proved very disruptive to existing boundaries, and six electorates were established for the first time, and two electorates that previously existed were re-established, including Hutt.^[1]

The main population centre in the electorate was the city of Lower Hutt in the Hutt Valley.

History

The Hutt seat first existed from 1853 to 1870 as a two-member electorate.^[2]

At the opening of the 6th session of the 2nd Parliament on 10 April 1858,^[3] the speaker read out 14 resignations, including those of Dillon Bell and Samuel Revans.^[4] Bell moved to Otago and continued his political career there. On 31 July 1858, a by-election was held, and Alfred Renall and William Fitzherbert were returned.^[5]^[6]

From 1871 onwards, the electorate was a single-member constituency. Fitzherbert contested the general election on 29 December 1875 against Hutchison and obtained 178 votes, with Hutchison receiving 38.^[7] He retained the Hutt electorate until his resignation in 1879, so that he could appointed to the Legislative Council. H. Jackson won the resulting by-election against T. Mason,^[8] but Mason was successful against Jackson at the 1879 general election a few months later.^[9]

The electorate was abolished in 1893.^[2]

In 1902 the seat was recreated and was won by the Liberal leader Thomas Wilford. His party allegiance changed to the United Party, which took over from the Liberal Party by 1928. He resigned in 1929, and the ensuing by-election was won by Walter Nash. Nash became Minister of Finance and Prime Minister, who died in 1968. The seat was then held by Trevor Young, also for Labour.

When the seat was split into Eastern Hutt and Western Hutt in 1978, Young won the new Eastern Hutt seat for Labour.

Members of Parliament

Key:

Independent Conservative Liberal United Labour

1853 to 1870

From 1853 to 1870, Hutt was a two-member electorate represented by six Members of Parliament:^[2]

Election	Winners
1853 election		Edward Gibbon Wakefield	Alfred Ludlam
1855 election		Francis Dillon Bell
1856 by-election			Samuel Revans
1858 by-election		William Fitzherbert	Alfred Renall
1860 election
1866 election			Alfred Ludlam

1871 to 1893

From 1871 to 1893, the electorate was represented by a further four Members of Parliament, with Fitzherbert continuing his term:

Election	Winner
1871 election		William Fitzherbert^[6]
1875 election		William Fitzherbert^[6]
1879 by-election		Henry Jackson^[8]
1879 election		Thomas Mason^[9]^[10]
1881 election		Thomas Mason^[9]^[10]
1884 election		Henry Samuel Fitzherbert
1887 election		Henry Samuel Fitzherbert
1890 election		Alfred Newman
(Electorate abolished 1893)

1902 to 1978

From 1902 to 1978, the electorate was represented by three Members of Parliament:^[2]

Election	Winner
1902 election		Thomas Wilford
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1929 by-election		Walter Nash
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1968 by-election		Trevor Young
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
(Electorate abolished 1978; see Western Hutt and Eastern Hutt)

Election results

1975 election

1975 general election: Hutt^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Trevor Young	9,540	48.10	−7.20
	National	Brett Newell	8,521	42.96
	Social Credit	Noel Riches	985	4.96
	Values	Paul Irik	785	3.95
Majority			1,019	5.13	−12.73
Turnout			19,831	83.29	−8.53
Registered electors			23,808

1972 election

1972 general election: Hutt^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Trevor Young	10,516	55.30	+2.39
	National	Michael Fowler	7,119	37.43
	Social Credit	Annette Harvey	719	3.78
	Values	Max Overton	595	3.12
	New Democratic	Kenneth George Hurren	67	0.35
Majority			3,397	17.86	+7.27
Turnout			19,016	91.82	+2.09
Registered electors			20,709

1969 election

1969 general election: Hutt^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Trevor Young	8,861	52.91	+5.12
	National	Don Lee	7,086	42.31
	Social Credit	Graeme Constable	637	3.80
	Independent	Nick Ursin	162	0.96	−1.40
Majority			1,775	10.59	−0.56
Turnout			16,746	89.73	+21.69
Registered electors			18,661

1968 by-election

1968 Hutt by-election^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Trevor Young	5,968	47.79
	National	John Kennedy-Good	4,576	36.64	−2.24
	Social Credit	Tom Weal	1,649	5.18
	Independent	Nick Ursin	295	2.36
Majority			1,392	11.15
Turnout			12,488	68.04	−18.74
Registered electors			18,354
	Labour hold		Swing

1966 election

1966 general election: Hutt^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Sir Walter Nash	7,861	51.70	−6.91
	National	John Kennedy-Good	5,912	38.88
	Social Credit	Christina Dalglish	1,431	9.41
Majority			1,949	12.81	−11.30
Turnout			15,204	86.78	−2.47
Registered electors			17,520

1963 election

1963 general election: Hutt^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	8,865	58.61	+4.35
	National	Vere Hampson-Tinadale	5,217	34.49
	Social Credit	Donald Milne	972	6.42	−0.68
Majority			3,648	24.11	+7.37
Turnout			15,125	89.25	−0.05
Registered electors			16,945

1960 election

1960 general election: Hutt^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	7,614	54.26	−8.37
	National	George Barker	5,265	37.52
	Social Credit	Donald Milne	997	7.10	+1.47
	Independent	George Wain	115	0.81
	Communist	Ralph Hegman	40	0.28
Majority			2,349	16.74	−14.17
Turnout			14,031	89.30	−3.85
Registered electors			15,712

1957 election

1957 general election: Hutt^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	8,975	62.63	+2.37
	National	Lance Adams-Schneider	4,545	31.72
	Social Credit	Donald Milne	808	5.63
Majority			4,430	30.91	+4.41
Turnout			14,328	93.15	+4.91
Registered electors			15,381

1954 election

1954 general election: Hutt^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	8,371	60.26	+2.53
	National	Clevedon Costello	4,690	33.76
	Social Credit	Terry Maddison	829	5.96
Majority			3,681	26.50	+11.88
Turnout			13,890	88.24	−1.30
Registered electors			15,740

1951 election

1951 general election: Hutt^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	8,872	57.73	+0.05
	National	Jack Andrews	6,424	41.80
	World Socialist	Thomas Simpson	71	0.46	−0.24
Majority			2,248	14.62	−1.46
Turnout			15,367	89.54	−1.75
Registered electors			17,161

1949 election

1949 general election: Hutt^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	8,153	57.68	−0.99
	National	Horace Leonard Heatley	5,880	41.60
	World Socialist	Thomas Simpson	100	0.70	+0.34
Majority			2,273	16.08	−2.83
Turnout			14,133	91.29	−1.51
Registered electors			15,480

1946 election

1946 general election: Hutt^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	8,025	58.67	−2.20
	National	Jim Vogel	5,438	39.76
	Independent Labour	George Laing	163	1.19
	World Socialist	Thomas Simpson	50	0.36
Majority			2,587	18.91	−17.38
Turnout			13,676	92.80	−1.13
Registered electors			14,737

1943 election

1943 general election: Hutt^[15]^[16]^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	8,823	60.87	+11.97
	Real Democracy	John H. Hogan^[18]	3,563	24.58
	National	Norman Percival Croft	3,017	20.81
	Democratic Labour	Patrick Connors	437	3.01
Informal votes			178	1.22	+0.45
Majority			5,260	36.29	−10.15
Turnout			16,018	93.93	−2.00
Registered electors			17,052

1938 election

1938 general election: Hutt^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	10,687	72.84	−1.41
	National	Jack Andrews	3,873	26.39
Majority			6,814	46.44	+2.07
Informal votes			114	0.77	−0.74
Turnout			14,671	95.93	+6.05
Registered electors			15,292

1935 election

1935 general election: Hutt^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	11,873	74.25	+15.17
	Reform	Victor Jacobsen	4,116	25.74
Informal votes			243	1.51	+0.77
Majority			7,757	48.51	+30.36
Turnout			15,989	89.88	+2.90
Registered electors			17,788

1931 election

1931 general election: Hutt^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	9,187	59.08	+18.54
	United	James Kerr^{[nb 1]}	6,364	40.92	+2.09
Informal votes			116	0.74
Majority			2,823	18.15	+16.45
Turnout			15,667	86.98	+3.39
Registered electors			18,013

Table footnotes:

^ For some biographical details of James Kerr refer to his father's article.

1929 by-election

1929 Hutt by-election^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Walter Nash	5,047	40.53	−4.55
	United	James Kerr^{[mb 1]}	4,835	38.83
	Reform	Harold Johnston^{[mb 2]}	2,570	20.64
Majority			212	1.70	−8.14
Informal votes			103	0.82	−1.31
Turnout			12,555	84.27	−6.67
Registered electors			14,898

Table footnotes:

^ For some biographical details of Kerr refer to his father's article.
^ For some biographical details of Johnston refer to his father's article.

1928 election

1928 general election: Hutt^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United	Thomas Wilford	7,283	54.92	−3.21
	Labour	Walter Nash	5,978	45.08	+4.10
Informal votes			288	2.13	+1.26
Majority			1,305	9.84	−7.31
Turnout			13,549	90.95	−0.9
Registered electors			14,898

1925 election

1925 general election: Hutt^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	6,080	58.13	+16.98
	Labour	Walter Nash	4,286	40.98
Informal votes			92	0.87	+0.01
Majority			1,794	17.15	+8.25
Turnout			10,458	91.04	−0.17
Registered electors			11,487

1922 election

1922 general election: Hutt^[25]^[26]^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	3,707	41.15	−0.44
	Labour	David Pritchard	2,905	32.25	+2.87
	Reform	Henry Bennett	2,317	25.72
Informal votes			78	0.86	+0.04
Majority			802	8.90	−3.31
Turnout			9,007	91.21	+8.77
Registered electors			9,874

1919 election

1919 general election: Hutt^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	3,422	41.59	−15.13
	Labour	David Pritchard	2,417	29.38
	Reform	Percy Rishworth	2,319	28.19
Informal votes			68	0.82	−1.21
Majority			1,005	12.21	−1.24
Turnout			8,226	82.44	−0.59
Registered electors			9,983

1914 election

1914 general election: Hutt^[29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	3,977	56.72	−6.39
	United Labour	Albert Samuel	3,034	43.27
Informal votes			143	2.03	+0.69
Majority			943	13.45	−14.55
Turnout			7,011	83.03	+0.57
Registered electors			8,443

1911 election

1911 general election: Hutt, First ballot^[30]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	3,471	50.33	−11.27
	Labour	Michael Reardon	1,540	22.33
	Independent	John McEwan	911	13.21
	Reform	Richard Shortt	881	12.77	−23.66
Informal votes			93	1.34	−0.52
Majority			1,931	28.00	+2.83
Turnout			6,896	83.60	+5.15
Registered electors			8,248

1908 election

1908 general election: Hutt, First ballot^[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	3,764	61.60	+7.08
	Conservative	Richard Shortt	2,226	36.43
Informal votes			120	1.96	+1.05
Majority			1,538	25.17	+6.67
Turnout			6,110	78.45	−3.97
Registered electors			7,788

1905 election

1905 general election: Hutt^[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	3,452	57.49	+2.97
	New Liberal	George Yerex^[33]	1,540	25.64
	Independent	George London	957	15.93
Informal votes			55	0.91
Majority			1,912	31.84	+20.48
Turnout			6,004	82.42	+5.83
Registered electors			7,284

1902 election

1902 general election: Hutt^[34]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Thomas Wilford	2,115	54.52
	Independent Liberal	Frederick Pirani	1,674	43.15
	Independent	Joseph Collier	90	2.32
Majority			441	11.36
Turnout			3,879	76.59
Registered electors			5,064

1890 election

1890 general election: Hutt^[35]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Alfred Newman	680	42.63
	Liberal	George Thomas London	502	31.47
	Independent	Charles Beard Izard	413	25.89
Majority			178	11.15
Turnout			1,595	66.45
Registered electors			2,400

1858 by-election

1858 Hutt by-election^[36]^[37]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	William Fitzherbert	229	30.29	−
	Independent	Alfred Renall	228	30.16	−
	Independent	George Hart	153	20.24	−
	Independent	Peter Cheyne	146	19.31	−
Majority			75^[a]	9.92	−
Total votes			756	-	-

Table footnotes:

^ Majority is the difference between lowest winning poll (Renall: 228) and highest losing poll (Hart: 153)

1856 by-election

1856 Hutt by-election^[38]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Samuel Revans	96	80.0
	Independent	George Hart	24	20.0
Turnout			120
Majority			72

Notes

^ McRobie 1989, pp. 67f.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wilson 1985, p. 265.
^ "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NEW ZEALAND". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 4. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
^ "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 5. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
^ "Wellington". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 1, no. 48. 21 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b Hamer, David (22 June 2007). "Fitzherbert, William 1810 - 1891". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
^ "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XII, no. 154. 30 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 3. 3 July 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b "The new Parliament". Clutha Leader. Vol. VI, no. 310. 12 September 1879. p. 5. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
^ "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 62. 10 September 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Norton 1988, p. 252.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Norton 1988, pp. 251.
^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ "Results from all Electorates". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 76. 27 September 1943. p. 6. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ "City Nominations". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 61. 9 September 1943. p. 9. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ Calderwood, David (2010). Not a Fair Go: A History and Analysis of Social Credit’s Struggle for Success in New Zealand’s Electoral System (PDF) (M.A. Political Science thesis). University of Waikato. p. 28. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^ The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
^ "The Hutt Seat". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 108. 3 November 1931. p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1924. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 83f.
^ Hislop 1923, pp. 1–6.
^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ "The General Election, 1908". National Library. 1909. pp. 1–34. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ The General Election, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
^ "The New Liberal Party in Wellington". Otago Daily Times. 17 October 1905. p. 5. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^ The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ "Country Districts Election". The Wellington Independent. Vol. X, no. 1310. 4 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
^ "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
^ "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 2 May 2013.

References

Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

[22] For some biographical details of James Kerr refer to his father's article.

[24] For some biographical details of Kerr refer to his father's article.

[25] For some biographical details of Johnston refer to his father's article.

[41] Majority is the difference between lowest winning poll (Renall: 228) and highest losing poll (Hart: 153)

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198967f-1] McRobie 1989, pp. 67f.

[FOOTNOTEWilson1985265-2] Wilson 1985, p. 265.

[Governor's_speech-3] "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NEW ZEALAND". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 4. Retrieved 30 April 2010.

[resignations_10_April_1858-4] "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". Otago Witness. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 5. Retrieved 30 April 2010.

[1858_Hutt_by-election-5] "Wellington". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. 1, no. 48. 21 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2010.

[DNZB_Fitzherbert-6] Hamer, David (22 June 2007). "Fitzherbert, William 1810 - 1891". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 1 July 2010.

[1875_Hutt_election-7] "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XII, no. 154. 30 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

[1879_Hutt_by-election-8] "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 3. 3 July 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

[1879_elections-9] "The new Parliament". Clutha Leader. Vol. VI, no. 310. 12 September 1879. p. 5. Retrieved 30 June 2010.

[1879_general_election-10] "The Hutt Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XVIII, no. 62. 10 September 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988252-11] Norton 1988, p. 252.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988251-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Norton 1988, pp. 251.

[13] "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.

[14] "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.

[15] "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

[16] "Results from all Electorates". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 76. 27 September 1943. p. 6. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

[17] "City Nominations". Evening Post. Vol. CXXXVI, no. 61. 9 September 1943. p. 9. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

[18] Calderwood, David (2010). Not a Fair Go: A History and Analysis of Social Credit’s Struggle for Success in New Zealand’s Electoral System (PDF) (M.A. Political Science thesis). University of Waikato. p. 28. Retrieved 18 April 2015.

[19] "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.

[1935_election-20] The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

[1931_election-21] The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.

[1929_by-election-23] "The Hutt Seat". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 108. 3 November 1931. p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2014.

[1928_election-26] The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2014.

[27] The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.

[Year-Book_1924-28] The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1924. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2013.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198983f-29] McRobie 1989, pp. 83f.

[FOOTNOTEHislop19231–6-30] Hislop 1923, pp. 1–6.

[Year-Book_1920-31] Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.

[General_Election,_1914-32] Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

[1911_election-33] "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

[1908_election-34] "The General Election, 1908". National Library. 1909. pp. 1–34. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[1905_election-35] The General Election, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2015.

[36] "The New Liberal Party in Wellington". Otago Daily Times. 17 October 1905. p. 5. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

[1902_election-37] The General Election, 1902. National Library. 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2014.

[General_Election,_1890-38] "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

[1858_by-election-39] "Country Districts Election". The Wellington Independent. Vol. X, no. 1310. 4 August 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

[40] "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

[1856_by-election-42] "Memorial of Merchants, Tradesmen, and Others". Lyttelton Times. Vol. VI, no. 427. 6 December 1856. p. 3. Retrieved 2 May 2013.

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v t e Historical electorates of New Zealand « current electorates »
General electorates	Akaroa Albany Aoraki Arch Hill Ashburton Ashley Auckland Auckland East Auckland North Auckland Suburbs Auckland West Avon Awarua Bay of Islands Birkenhead Brooklyn Bruce Buller Caversham Chalmers Cheviot Christchurch Christchurch Country Christchurch North Christchurch South Christchurch West City of Auckland City of Christchurch City of Dunedin City of Nelson City of Wellington Clevedon Clive Clutha Clutha-Southland Coleridge Collingwood County of Hawke Courtenay Dunedin Central Dunedin Country Dunedin East Dunedin North Dunedin South Dunedin and Suburbs North Dunedin and Suburbs South Dunedin Suburbs Dunedin West Dunstan East Cape Eastern Bay of Plenty Eastern Hutt Eden Egmont Ellesmere Fendalton Far North Foxton Franklin Franklin North Franklin South Geraldine Gisborne Glenfield Gladstone Grey Grey and Bell Grey Lynn Greymouth Grey Valley Halswell Hamilton Hampden Hastings Hauraki Hawera Hawkes Bay Heathcote Helensville Henderson Heretaunga Hobson Hokitika Hokonui Horowhenua Howick Hunua Hurunui Hutt Inangahua Island Bay Kaiapoi Kaimai Kaipara Kapiti Karapiro Karori King Country Kumara Lincoln Linwood Lyttelton Mahia Manawatu Manuherikia Manukau Manukau East Maramarua Marlborough Marsden Masterton Matakana Matamata Mataura Mid-Canterbury Miramar Moeraki Mongonui Mongonui and Bay of Islands Mornington Motueka Motueka and Massacre Bay Mount Herbert Mount Ida Mount Victoria Newton Newtown Northern Division Oamaru Ohariu-Belmont Ohinemuri Omata Onehunga Onslow Oroua Otago Otago Central Otahuhu Otara Owairaka Pahiatua Palmerston Panmure Papanui Papatoetoe Pareora Parnell Patea Pencarrow Peninsula Pensioner Settlements Petone Piako Picton Ponsonby Porirua Port Chalmers Port Hills Raglan Rakaia Rangiora Rangiriri Remuera Riccarton Riverton Rodney Roskill Roslyn Ruahine St Albans St Kilda South Canterbury Southern Division Stanmore Stratford Suburbs of Auckland Suburbs of Nelson Sydenham Taranaki Tarawera Tasman Taumarunui Te Aro Te Aroha Temuka Thames Thorndon Timaru Titirangi Tongariro Totara Tuapeka Waiapu Waihemo Waikaia Waikaremoana Waikouaiti Waimarino Waimate Waimea Waimea-Picton Waimea-Sounds Waipa Waipareira Waipawa Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay Wairarapa North Wairarapa South Wairau Waitemata Waitakere Waitomo Waitotara Wakanui Wakatipu Wallace Wanganui and Rangitikei Wellington Wellington Country Wellington East Wellington-Karori Wellington North Wellington South Wellington South and Suburbs Wellington Suburbs Wellington Suburbs and Country Wellington West West Auckland West Coast Western Hutt Westland Westland North Westland South Woodville Yaldhurst
Māori electorates	Eastern Maori Hauraki Māori Northern Maori Southern Maori Tainui Te Puku O Te Whenua Te Tai Rawhiti Western Maori
Goldminers' electorates	Gold Fields Gold Field Towns Westland Boroughs