Hubert Bradford Vickery
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Hubert Bradford Vickery (28 February 1893 – 27 September 1978) was a Canadian-American plant biochemist who conducted early experiments to determine the amino acid compositions of proteins. While serving as editor of the Journal of Biological Chemistry he standardized the use of the D (dextro) and L (laevo) prefixes to indicate optical isomerism in amino acids which was later incorporated into the IUPAC standard.
Biography
[edit]Vickery was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, the second son of Mary Katherine Dudman and Edgar Jenkins Vickery. His father, a bookshop owner, gifted him the book Fourteen weeks in chemistry by J. Dorman Steele for Christmas at the age of twelve which initiated a lifelong interest in chemistry. He then went to Dalhousie University and graduated with honours in chemistry and then taught at a high school in Halifax. This ended in December 1917 when a nearby ship exploded and damaged the school. Vickery then worked at the Imperial Oil Company as an analytical chemist. He received an MS in 1920 and then went to study organic chemistry at Yale University under Thomas B. Osborne. He studied the hydrolysis of gliadin for his PhD in 1922[1][2] and then worked at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Here his work was mainly on plant biochemistry, with work on alfalfa vitamins but this led to a study of alfalfa proteins. He then began to examine the amino acid composition of proteins and went on to examine those of haemoglobin.[3][4][5] He examined the metabolism of tobacco plants. Another major contribution was in the standardization of amino acid names under the IUPAC[6] and representations of asymmetric carbons using the prefixes d and l. He also examined the history of protein and amino acid chemistry.[7][8][9][10][11] He published an autobiographical review of his work as a plant biochemist in 1972.[12][13][14]
During World War II he worked with Edwin J. Cohn at Harvard and was invited in 1946 to witness the Bikini atoll atomic bomb test. Vickery taught protein chemistry at Yale University until his retirement in 1963.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1922). "The rate of hydrolysis of wheat Gliadin". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 53 (2): 495–512. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)85801-X.
- ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1923). "A product of mild acid hydrolysis of wheat gliadin". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 56 (2): 415–428. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)85578-8.
- ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford; Leavenworth, Charles S. (1928). "The basic amino acids of horse hemoglobin". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 79 (2): 377–388. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)79927-8.
- ^ Vickery, H. B.; Clarke, H. T. (1945-11-02). "The Amino Acid Composition of Proteins". Science. 102 (2653): 454–456. doi:10.1126/science.102.2653.454. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ Vickery, H. B.; Pucher, G. W. (1940). "Organic Acids of Plants". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 9 (1): 529–544. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.09.070140.002525. ISSN 0066-4154.
- ^ "Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides: (Recommendations 1983)". doi:10.1515/iupac.56.0042.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford.; Schmidt, Carl L. A. (1931). "The History of the Discovery of the Amino Acids". Chemical Reviews. 9 (2): 169–318. doi:10.1021/cr60033a001. ISSN 0009-2665.
- ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1950). "The Origin of the Word Protein". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 22 (5): 387–393. ISSN 0044-0086. PMC 2598953. PMID 15413335.
- ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1946). "The Early Years of the Kjeldahl Method to Determine Nitrogen". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 18 (6): 473–516. ISSN 0044-0086. PMC 2602049. PMID 20994515.
- ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford; Osborne, Thomas Burr (1928). "A review of hypotheses of the structure of proteins". Physiological Reviews. 8 (4): 393–446. doi:10.1152/physrev.1928.8.4.393. ISSN 0031-9333.
- ^ Bradford Vickery, Hubert (1972), The History of the Discovery of the Amino Acids II. A Review of Amino Acids Described Since 1931 as Components of Native Proteins, Advances in Protein Chemistry, vol. 26, Elsevier, pp. 81–171, doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60140-0, ISBN 978-0-12-034226-6, retrieved 2021-12-19
- ^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1972). "A Chemist Among Plants". Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 23 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.23.060172.000245. ISSN 0066-4294.
- ^ Kresge, Nicole; Simoni, Robert D.; Hill, Robert L. (2007). "The Determination of the Basic Amino Acids of Proteins: the Work of Hubert Vickery". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (48): e33–e34. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)54679-6.
- ^ a b Zelitch, Israel (1985). "Hubert Bradford Vickery 1893-1978" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 55: 473–504. PMID 11616087.
