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Huanchaca street scandal

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Coordinates: 23°38′27″S 70°23′32″W / 23.64083°S 70.39222°W / -23.64083; -70.39222
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Huanchaca street scandal
DateJune 15, 1969 (1969-06-15)
Time3:00
Location352 Huanchaca Street, Antofagasta
Coordinates23°38′27″S 70°23′32″W / 23.64083°S 70.39222°W / -23.64083; -70.39222
Also known as«Huanchacazo», «Escándalo de la calle Huanchaca»
TypePolice raid
MotiveTransvestite party

The Huanchaca street scandal, also known as the Huanchacazo, was a raid that occurred on 15 June 1969 in the Chilean city of Antofagasta.[1] On the occasion, a party was taking place in which 24 homosexuals were arrested, including 9 men who were transvestites, who suffered various abuses and mistreatment by the police.[2][3][4]

History

[edit]

According to the press at the time, around 50 people would have gathered on the night of Saturday, 14 June 1969 for a birthday party in a house with a continuous façade located at 352 Huanchaca street.[5][6] There was some posters alluding to the party and the sexual orientation of the attendees, which had legends such as "To the fight: we are not men, but we are many" («A la lucha: no somos hombres, pero somos muchas»), "You look like a villager, wham!" («Te encuentro como de pueblo, ¡zas!») "From the fact to the bed there is little stretch" («Del hecho al lecho hay poco trecho») and "Happy birthday wishes you SOLOCH" («Feliz cumpleaños te desea SOLOCH»; the acronym would correspond to "Sociedad Locas de Chile", a term coined by the Chilean tabloid press in the 1950s to refer to homosexuals).[7][8]

After complaints of annoying noises, made by the residents of the sector, Carabineros personnel —commanded by Lieutenant Sergio Canales Ponce, Deputy First Orlando Ramírez, Cabo Luis Núñez Leiva and Carabinero Mario Ángel—[7] went to the place around at 10:00 p.m. to request to reduce the volume of the music, and later at about 3:00 a.m. on Sunday, 15 June, they returned to the place, accompanied by a patrol commanded by Second Sergeant Manuel Aracena and Cabo Rosalindo González,[7] where they proceeded to arrest and beat the partygoers when several of them were surprised dressed as women;[1] it is also noted that two of the attendees were found naked.[9] Of the approximately 50 partygoers, around half of them fled through the roofs and patios of the adjoining houses, resulting in the final arrest of 24 people;[7] among the attendees was Marcia Torres, who in 1973 became famous when she was the first person in Chile to undergo sex reassignment surgery,[10] and who fled from the police raid in Huanchaca escaping through the roofs of the houses located on the block.[11]

The press reports indicate that elements had also been found that would indicate supposed participation of the assistants in activities of the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR),[6][12] since in the house were some portraits of Che Guevara and a sketchbook containing the expressions «Latin American Colony Antofagasta 69» («Colonia latinoamericana Antofagasta 69») and «For a great Latin American homeland» («Por una gran patria latinoamericana»).[7]

The 24 detainees were taken to the Sixth Police Station on Baquedano street, where they remained all day Sunday without being allowed to change their clothes.[7][13] At 8:30 on 16 June, the 24 detainees were transferred from the police station to the First Criminal Court of Antofagasta to be formalized; on that occasion, the only woman in the group was released —Rita López Muñoz, who had indicated that she only arrived at the scene to hand over four wigs—; at 1:00 p.m. the judge allowed the 9 detainees who were dressed in women's clothes to change their costumes, and at 1:30 p.m. of the same day the 23 detainees were transferred to the city jail.[1] About 1,500 (according to El Mercurio de Antofagasta) and more than 3,000 (according to La Estrella del Norte) crowded outside the courts to observe and insult the detainees; a caravan of approximately 30 vehicles followed the police van that was taking the detainees to the prison, honking their horns.[14][15]

During the afternoon of 16 June, 2 detainees were released for lack of merit, while another 12 were released on the morning of the following day.[16] Finally, the 9 homosexuals who were still detained, and who were the ones who had been caught dressed dressed in feminine clothes, were accused of offenses against morality and good customs and declared criminals,[17] remaining in the Antofagasta Public Prison until 2 July, the date on which the Court of Appeals granted them conditional release on bail, upon payment of 450 escudos, after the allegations made by the lawyer Hugo Soto.[18][19] After their release, the detainees indicated that during the period in which they were arrested they suffered various abuses and ill-treatment.[9][20]

Reactions

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Given the taboo existing in society at the time, many of the relatives of the detainees only found out at that time about the homosexuality of those close to them who had been arrested.[21] The situation generated a series of comments in the press regarding homosexuality: local newspapers devoted ample space to presenting the opinions of psychiatrists, professors, and lawyers, among others.[22][23][24]

The media at the time characterized the police raid as a "scandal": the Antofagasta newspaper La Estrella del Norte, a sensationalist evening paper, headlined its 16 June front page "The greens muddied a crazy, crazy party" («Los verdes embarraron una fiesta loca, loca») with the down "Two danced naked and nine dressed like women" («Dos bailaban piluchitos y nueve vestían como mujeres») and accompanied by a photograph of some of the detainees.[5][25] El Mercurio de Antofagasta headlined on its inside pages on June 16 "24 detained in sinister orgy of depraved young people" («24 detenidos en siniestra orgía de jóvenes depravados»),[13] while the newspaper La Provincia from Ovalle headlined "50 "maricuecas" guerrillas made their revolution naked" («50 guerrilleros "maricuecas" hacían su revolución desnudos»), emphasizing the alleged link of the detainees with MIR activities.[6] The news transcended the borders of Chile and was published in the French newspaper Le Monde.[26]

The commotion generated in Antofagasta by the Huanchaca street scandal caused the councilor Luis Franco (at that time president of the Municipality's Culture Commission) to ask Judge Juan Sinn Bruno of the Second Court to prohibit the performance of the Blue Ballet drag queen group that would be performed that day at the Latorre Theater for constituting an alleged crime of outrage against good customs; the magistrate denied the request but authorized the Carabineros to monitor the absence of minors under 21 years of age in the aforementioned show.[27][28]

Cultural references

[edit]

On 24 October 2008, the play titled El escándalo de la calle Huanchaca premiered, directed by the Antofagasta journalist and playwright Pedro Arturo Zlatar and with Teresa Ramos as theatrical director, Jorge Wittwer as costume manager, Marko Franasovic in the set designs, Alex Zarricueta in charge of the choreography and the music made by the Merkén group.[29][30] The work had the support and sponsorship of Amnesty International and the Movement for Homosexual Integration and Liberation (Movilh) in addition to financing through the National Fund for Cultural Development and the Arts (Fondart).[31]

The Huanchaca street scandal is narrated in detail by Eric Goles in his novel El zapato perdido de la Marilyn, published in 2008.[32]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Castro Orozco, Cristian (23 June 2019). "Huanchaca N° 352: El mayor escarnio a la comunidad gay". El Mercurio de Antofagasta, suplemento Domingo (in Spanish). p. 5. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  2. ^ Argandoña Astudillo, Claudia (14 February 2008). "Escándalo de calle Huanchaca llega a las tablas". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  3. ^ Downing Espinoza, Alyn (12 June 2020). "Mes del Orgullo LGTB+: «Chile aún es homofóbico, aún existe discriminación»". Regionalista.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  4. ^ Tapia Sánchez, Bastián (2019). "Mariconeando en dictadura: experiencias de vida travestis y homoeróticas durante la dictadura militar en Chile: Arica 1973-1990" (in Spanish). Arica: Universidad de Tarapacá. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  5. ^ a b Opazo, Cristián (August 2015). "OBREROS, POLIZONTES, PUPILOS. Dramaturgias chilenas de cien años (Notas en progreso)" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  6. ^ a b c La Provincia (17 June 1969). "50 guerrilleros "maricuecas" hacían su revolución desnudos". Facebook (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "¡Escandalosa bacanal!". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 16 June 1969. p. 5.
  8. ^ Catejo Chacón, Cristóbal Eduardo (2017). "PRENSA AMARILLA Y PERIODISMO ESCRITO: EL DISCURSO SOCIAL, POLÍTICO Y SENSACIONALISTA EN LAS NOTICIAS GRÁFICAS, SANTIAGO DE CHILE, 1944-1963" (PDF) (in Spanish). Chillán: Universidad del Biobío. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  9. ^ a b Coordinadora por la defensa del Barrio Estación (19 October 2020). "El escándalo de la calle Huanchaca". Facebook (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  10. ^ Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos. "Marcia Alejandra Torres" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  11. ^ "La revolución de Marcia Alejandra". La Tercera (in Spanish). 13 April 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  12. ^ Carvajal Edwards, Fernanda (December 2016). "Sexopolítica en los inicios de la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet: el "cambio de sexo" de Marcia Alejandra en los discursos de la prensa". Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad (in Spanish). Río de Janeiro. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  13. ^ a b "24 detenidos en siniestra orgía de jóvenes depravados". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 16 June 1969. p. 2.
  14. ^ "Conmoción por el caso de calle Huanchaca". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 17 June 1969. p. 1.
  15. ^ "¡23 incomunicados!". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 16 June 1969.
  16. ^ "¿Tres delitos en el escándalo?". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 17 June 1969. p. 3.
  17. ^ "¡Zas! Declarados reos los chicos de Huanchaca". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 24 June 1969. p. 3.
  18. ^ "En libertad condicional los nueve detenidos en caso calle Huanchaca". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 3 July 1969. p. 2.
  19. ^ "Libres los huanchaqueros". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 2 July 1969.
  20. ^ "El escándalo de la calle Huanchaca se presenta en Antofagasta". Unión Mejillones por la Diversidad Sexual (in Spanish). 12 April 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  21. ^ Pereira Molina, Lorena (6 March 2008). "Que duerman tranquilos..." (PDF). La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  22. ^ "El siquiatra Dr. Carlos Andreu analiza caso de calle Huanchaca". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 18 June 1969. p. 2.
  23. ^ "Siete juicios para una orgía". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 17 June 1969. p. 4.
  24. ^ "El ojo de la ley se asoma a la fiesta de Huanchaca". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 17 June 1969. p. 5.
  25. ^ Ancapan Quilape, Claudia (29 June 2021). "Reflexiones en el mes del orgullo". Chile Diverso (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  26. ^ "Caso de calle Huanchaca publicado por matutino "Le Monde" de París". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 26 June 1969. p. 2.
  27. ^ "A los tribunales el Blue Ballet". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 18 July 1969. p. 1.
  28. ^ "Huanchaqueros con patente se exhiben en Antofagasta". La Estrella del Norte (in Spanish). 18 July 1969. p. 5.
  29. ^ "Gran Estreno Gran: "El Escándalo de la Calle Huanchaca"". El Nortero (in Spanish). 24 October 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Merkén y Pedroband en la Sala Agustín Siré". Universidad de Chile (in Spanish). 18 December 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  31. ^ Movimiento de Integración y Liberación Homosexual (2008). "VII Informe Anual de Derechos Humanos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  32. ^ El zapato perdido de la Marilyn (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones. 2008. ISBN 9789560000170. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
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