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Horace Rackham

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Horace H. Rackham
Horace H. Rackham, c. 1902
Born(1858-06-20)June 20, 1858
Harrison Township, Michigan, U.S.
DiedJune 12, 1933(1933-06-12) (aged 74)
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
OccupationLawyer
SpouseMary A. Horton
Parent(s)Simon Rackham and Avery Rackman[citation needed]

Horace Hatcher Rackham (June 27, 1858 – June 12, 1933)[1] was one of the original stockholders in the Ford Motor Company and a noted philanthropist.

Early life

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Rackham was born in Harrison, Michigan.[2] He graduated from high school in Leslie, Michigan, in 1878. In 1879, he moved to Detroit, Michigan, to work for Berry Brothers. In 1884, he began studying law under the employ of Adolph Sloman and was admitted to the Bar in 1885. The next year, he married Mary A. Horton (1864-1947) of Fenton, Michigan.[2]

In 1894, he partnered with John W. Anderson to open a law firm. The partnership was very successful, counting among their clients Alexander Y. Malcomson, a Detroit coal dealer.

Shareholder of Ford

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In 1903, at Malcomson's advice, Henry Ford hired Rackham and Anderson to draw up papers incorporating the Ford Motor Company.[3] Ford (and Malcomson) also convinced the partners to buy stock in the company. Rackham scraped together $5,000 by borrowing some money and selling some real estate parcels.[4] With great uncertainty and against the advice of others, (the president of the Michigan Savings Bank infamously told Rackham, "The horse is here to stay, but the automobile is only a novelty – a fad,"[5]) Rackham bought 50 shares of Ford stock (from a total of 890 shares);[6] Anderson bought another 50. In addition to Ford, Anderson, and Rackham, seven other people were awarded stock in the company, including Malcomson, James J. Couzens (future mayor of Detroit and Michigan Senator) and John Francis Dodge and Horace Elgin Dodge (who later founded the Dodge Brothers Motor Vehicle Company).[6] At the first meeting of stockholders, Rackham was elected chairman.[7]

Ford Motor Company was wildly successful, providing substantial dividends, and in 1913, Rackham quit his law practice. In 1919, Edsel Ford, acting for his father, Henry, purchased Rackham's stock for 12.5 million dollars. Rackham's acquired wealth had little effect on his and Mary's lifestyle. Because Rackham was always cautious with his finances and leery of speculative nature of the stock market, the Great Depression had little effect on his fortune. Rackham spent the rest of his life as a philanthropist, giving money to children's charities, the University of Michigan, and other causes.[3] At the time of his death, Rackham's estate was valued at an estimated $16.5 million, for which he designated his wife as trustee.[8][9]

Philanthropy

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Horace Rackham and his wife Mary supported the University of Michigan by donating his law library, sponsoring anthropological expeditions, and underwriting creative arts fellowships. Most significantly, when he died in 1933, Rackham left $100,000 in his will expressly to support graduate student loans. The Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies at the university is named after him, as is the Rackham Building, built in 1938, in which the school is housed.[10] In addition, the Horace H. Rackham Education Memorial Building in Detroit, intended for use by the Extension Service of the University of Michigan and the Engineering Society of Detroit,[11] was built in 1940 using money willed to the University.[12] The Rackhams were also the patrons of the 1938 Rackham School of Special Education on Eastern Michigan University campus in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

After the death of Mary Rackham in 1947, the Horace H. and Mary A. Rackham Fund was created. The fund was to be used expressly "for such benevolent, charitable, educational, scientific, religious and public purposes ... will promote the health, welfare, happiness, education, training and development of men, women and children, particularly the sick, aged, young, erring, poor, crippled, helpless, handicapped, unfortunate and underprivileged, regardless of race, color, religion or station."[5]

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Detroit Zoo

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From 1924 to 1928, Rackham was the first president of the Detroit Zoological Commission, which negotiated with the city for support for the zoo.[13] In 1924, Rackham purchased acres of land in what is now Huntington Woods, Michigan, near land owned by the Detroit Zoological Society.[5] Through his friend and Detroit mayor James Couzens, Rackham anonymously promised to donate the land to Detroit if voters would approve financing for the Detroit Zoo.[14] A millage was approved, and Rackham followed through by giving 22 acres (8.9 ha) of his purchase to the Zoo for use as a parking lot; the Horace H. Rackham Memorial Fountain at the zoo bears his name. The remaining acreage was given to the city of Detroit, explicitly for use as a public golf course. In 1925 the Rackham Golf Course, reportedly the first 18-hole course constructed in Michigan, opened to the public[5]

Legacy

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A species of Central American lizard, Xenosaurus rackhami, is named in his honor.[15]

Notes

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  1. ^ Genealogical data
  2. ^ a b Robert Budd Ross; George Byron Catlin; Clarence Monroe Burton (1898), Landmarks of Detroit: A History of the City, Evening News Association, p. 197
  3. ^ a b "Horace and Mary Rackham". Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  4. ^ Charles Merz (2007), And Then Came Ford, Read Books, p. 74, ISBN 978-1-4067-5193-2
  5. ^ a b c d The City of Huntington Woods, Historic District Study Committee (July 18, 2006). "Preliminary Report – Rackham Golf Course Historic District Proposal "Rackham Historic District"" (PDF). pp. 3–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  6. ^ a b John Chamberlain. "The Rise of Detroit". Staten Island Auto Echoes. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  7. ^ Ford R. Bryan (Dec 12, 2007), The Birth of Ford Motor Company, The Henry Ford Historical Association website, archived from the original on 2013-04-14, retrieved 2007-12-12
  8. ^ Brazer, Marjorie Cahn (1985). Biography of an Endowment: The Horace H. Rackham and Mary A. Rackham Fund at the University of Michigan. Michigan Historical Collections. p. 7.
  9. ^ Historic Designation Advisory Board (2018). "Final Report: Proposed Pure Word Missionary Baptist Church" (PDF). City of Detroit.
  10. ^ Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, Building History
  11. ^ Mary Johanna Byrnes (2005), The Horace H. Rackham Educational Memorial Building, The Modern
  12. ^ "Horace H. Rackham Education Memorial Building". Detroit 1701.
  13. ^ "Rackham Fountain". Detroit 1701.
  14. ^ "History". Detroit Zoological Society. Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  15. ^ Bo Beolens; Michael Watkins; Michael Grayson (2011), The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 215, ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5
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