Horace Kelley
Horace Kelley | |
|---|---|
| Born | July 18, 1819 Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
| Died | December 4, 1890 (aged 71) Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
| Burial place | Lake View Cemetery |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Industrialist, philanthropist |
| Known for | Founding of the Cleveland Museum of Art |
Horace A. Kelley (July 18, 1819 – December 4, 1890) was an American industrialist and philanthropist.
Kelley was born in Cleveland, Ohio and raised on Kelleys Island after the death of his father in 1823. Inheriting a fortune of real estate as well as ownership of most of Kelleys Island from his family, Kelley held interests in limestone and lumber on the island. Upon selling these interests in 1845 and returning to Cleveland, he worked as an investor and manager of real estate properties in both Cleveland and throughout Ohio.
Through his will, Kelley left funds for acquiring land for a fire proof art gallery and an art school that would help found the Cleveland Museum of Art in 1916. He is considered to be one of the founders of the museum along with John Huntington, Hinman Hurlbut, and Jeptha Wade II.
Biography
[edit]Horace A. Kelley was born on July 18, 1819, in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, as the only child of mother Betsey Gould Kelley and father Joseph Reynolds Kelley. Kelley's father, a successful businessman, left a fortune mostly made up of real estate in Cleveland to Horace after his death in 1823.[1][2] Kelley was then raised by his uncle Thomas M. Kelley on Kelleys Island, Ohio. His uncle worked as a merchant involved in trade through Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, and later in the banking and real estate businesses.[3][4] Kelley also had another uncle, Alfred Kelley, who was a banker and prominent figure in Ohio's politics of the first half of the 19th century.[5]
Kelley was known to have attended a Cleveland classical preparatory school established by Franklin Thomas Backus upon Backus leaving Yale College in 1836.[6] Upon the death of his uncle, ownership of much of Kelleys Island was passed down to him.[3] He sold his interests in limestone and lumber on the island in 1845, and returned to Cleveland.[7] In Cleveland, he increased his wealth by investing in and managing real estate both in the city and off the shore of Lake Erie on the Isle of St. George (present-day North Bass Island).[1][8] There, he was described as a man of "habitual reserve" by the Cleveland Plain Dealer.[9]
Kelley married Fannie Miles, who was from Elyria, Ohio.[10] They did not have any children, and lived between their Cleveland residence on Wilson Avenue and a home in California.[2] He died on December 4, 1890, in Cleveland,[1] and is buried at Lake View Cemetery.[11]
Philanthropy
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Kelley's interest in art originated from his wife's passion for art. He made his first trip to Europe in 1868 for health reasons, where he was first exposed to art museums.[3] He made four more trips to Europe and collected artwork that would later become part of the Cleveland Museum of Art.[1][7]
Eight days before his death, Kelley signed a will that would leave a majority of his estate for an art gallery.[12] Through his will, an excess of half a million dollars was bequeathed to acquire land for a fire proof art gallery and an art school, part of which would help to establish the Cleveland Museum of Art.[13][14] He viewed the art gallery as a place that would attract gifts of artwork and sums of money, suggesting to name the gallery the "National Gallery of Fine Arts". He conditioned that "no work of art unless of acknowledged merit" be admitted into the gallery.[9] He named three trustees to his estate: his cousin Alfred S. Kelley, judge James M. Jones, and Henry C. Ranney, a lawyer and trustee of the estates of Cleveland Museum of Art founders Hinman Hurlbut and John Huntington.[9] These two businessmen and Kelley made their separate bequests to the museum without telling each other.[15][16]
After Kelley's death, these trustees helped to establish a nonprofit corporation that incorporated the funds of his estate and was named the Cleveland Museum of Art, in 1899.[17] The corporation was formed for the purpose of "promoting the fine arts" and establishing and maintaining an art museum.[18] The corporation faced legal difficulties due to the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, another corporation formed through the will of John Huntington, which had also independently provided funds for the purpose of establishing an art museum.[5] In 1913, the two corporations finally reached an agreement to establish a single art museum in cooperation.[19][9] Under the agreement, the name of the Kelley corporation was changed to the Horace Kelley Art Foundation, while a separate corporation responsible for the establishing the museum was formed and named the Cleveland Museum of Art.[18][20] This new corporation, under the combined resources of the Kelley and Huntington estates, commenced the construction of the museum in May 1913, and formally opened it to the public on June 6, 1916.[19]
Kelley is considered one of the founders of the Cleveland Museum of Art, along with John Huntington, Hinman Hurlbut, and Jeptha Wade II.[21]
See also
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c d Kelley, Horace 2018.
- ^ a b Kelley 1897, pp. 109–110.
- ^ a b c Cleveland Museum of Art 2012, para. 4.
- ^ Johnson 1879, p. 365.
- ^ a b Rose 1990, p. 524.
- ^ Western Reserve Historical Society 1892, p. 229.
- ^ a b Volpe 2014, para. 14.
- ^ Avery 1918, pp. 8–9.
- ^ a b c d Leedy 1991, p. 4.
- ^ Avery 1918, p. 9.
- ^ Vigil 2007.
- ^ Leedy 1991, p. 3.
- ^ Cleveland Museum of Art 2012, para. 5.
- ^ Volpe 2014, para. 16.
- ^ Morton, Marian J. (2004). Cleveland's Lake View Cemetery. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-7385-3230-1.
- ^ Rich, Bob (2013). A Touch of Cleveland History: Stories from the First 200 Years. Cleveland: Gray & Company, Publishers. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-938441-33-2.
- ^ Volpe 2014, para. 15.
- ^ a b Cleveland Museum of Art 1916, p. vi.
- ^ a b Cleveland Museum of Art 1916, p. vii.
- ^ Horace Kelley Art Foundation 2018.
- ^ Cleveland Museum of Art 2012, para. 1.
References
[edit]- Avery, Elroy McKendree (1918). A History of Cleveland and Its Environs: The Heart of New Connecticut, Volume 2. Lewis Publishing Company.
- Cleveland Museum of Art (1916). Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition June 6-September 20, 1916. Cleveland, OH: Roger Williams Press.
- "Cleveland Museum of Art: Founders". Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Museum of Art. October 22, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- "Horace Kelley Art Foundation". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
- Johnson, Crisfield (1879). History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio: In Three Parts, with Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. Cleveland, Ohio: Greater Cleveland Genealogical Society.
- Kelley, Hermon Alfred (1897). A Genealogical History of the Kelley Family: Descended from Joseph Kelley of Norwich, Connecticut. Priv. print.
- "Kelley, Horace". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- Leedy, Walter C. Jr. (1991). Zuppan, Jo; Feingold, Rachel G. (eds.). Cleveland builds an art museum: patronage, politics, and architecture, 1884-1916. Cleveland Museum of Art. ISBN 0940717093.
- Rose, William Ganson (1990). Cleveland: The Making of a City. Kent State University Press. ISBN 0873384288. OCLC 932849693.
- Vigil, Vicki Blum (2007). Cemeteries of Northeast Ohio: Stones, Symbols & Stories. Cleveland, Ohio: Gray & Company. ISBN 9781598510256.
- Volpe, Andrea (November 3, 2014). "The Rise of the Cleveland Museum of Art". Belt Magazine. Belt Media Collaborative. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- Western Reserve Historical Society (1892). The Western Reserve Historical Society: Tracts 73-84. Vol. 2. p. 229. Retrieved February 9, 2020.