Hoover Commission
The Hoover Commission, officially named the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, was a body appointed by President Harry S. Truman in 1947 to recommend administrative changes in the Federal Government of the United States. It took its nickname from former President Herbert Hoover, who was appointed by Truman to chair it.
Truman used the Reorganization Act of 1949 to implement the recommendations of the Hoover Commission. Reorganization plans issued under the act could be nullified by a concurrent resolution enacted by both chambers of Congress within 60 days of the date of the order. While most of the commission's program was ultimately implemented, eleven of the 41 reorganization plans issued by Truman to carry out the reorganization were nullified by Congress.
History and results
[edit]In early 1949, the Commission forwarded its findings and a total of 273 recommendations to Congress in a series of nineteen separate reports. The commission was officially terminated on June 12, 1949.
The commission issued recommendations for eliminating waste, fraud and inefficiency, consolidating agencies, and strengthening White House control of policy.[1][2]
With the impetus of the Hoover Commission, the Reorganization Act of 1949, (Public Law 109, 81st Cong., 1st sess.) was approved by Congress on June 20, 1949.[3] President Truman made a special message to Congress upon signing the act,[4] with eight reorganization plans submitted in 1949, 27 in 1950, and one each in 1951 and 1952.[5]
Much implementation continued into the Eisenhower Administration, with ten reorganization plans in 1953, two in 1954, and one each in 1957 and 1958, although not all were related to the 1949 Act.[5] A later study in 1955 concluded that 116 of the recommendations were fully implemented and that another 80 were mostly or partly implemented. In 1953, Eisenhower created the Department of Health, Education and Welfare under the orders of his Reorganization Plan No. 1.
The commission's recommended reforms of veterans affairs were not implemented, due to significant lobbying against it by the American Legion, an influential veterans lobby group.[6]
Second Hoover Commission
[edit]| External audio | |
|---|---|
 National Press Club Luncheon Speakers, Herbert Hoover, March 10, 1954, 37:23, Hoover speaks starting at 7:25 about the second reorganization commission, Library of Congress[7] |
A Second Hoover Commission was created by Congress in 1953 during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. It also was headed by Hoover (who was then almost 80 years old). The second commission sent its final report to Congress in June 1955.[8]
See also
[edit]- Presidential reorganization authority
- Public administration
- Presidential Commission (United States)
- James Farley
- Committee on Department Methods 1905
- Commission on Economy and Efficiency 1910-1913
- Brownlow Committee 1937
- Grace Commission 1982-1984
- Department of Government Efficiency
- National Partnership for Reinventing Government 1993-1998
- Project on National Security Reform 2006–present
- Little Hoover Commission (California)
References
[edit]- ^ Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man, (1984) pp 371–380.
- ^ Christopher D. McKenna, "Agents of adhocracy: management consultants and the reorganization of the executive branch, 1947-1949." Business and Economic History (1996): 101-111 online.
- ^ Ferrel Heady, The Reorganization Act of 1949, Public Administration Review, Vol. 9, No. 3, Summer, 1949
- ^ Special Message to the Congress Upon Signing the Reorganization Act
- ^ a b "US Reorganization Plans". Archived from the original on 2010-05-05. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ Burtin, Olivier (2020). "Veterans as a Social Movement: The American Legion, the First Hoover Commission, and the Making of the American Welfare State". Social Science History. 44 (2): 329–354. doi:10.1017/ssh.2020.5. ISSN 0145-5532. S2CID 218778378.
- ^ "National Press Club Luncheon Speakers, Herbert Hoover, March 10, 1954". Library of Congress. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
- ^ Storey, Robert G. (1954). "The Second Hoover Commission: Its Legal Task Force". American Bar Association Journal. 40 (6): 483–539. ISSN 0002-7596. JSTOR 25718831.
Further reading
[edit]- Arnold, Peri E. (Feb 1976), "The First Hoover Commission and the Managerial Presidency", The Journal of Politics, 38 (1), Cambridge University Press: 46–70, doi:10.2307/2128961, JSTOR 2128961, S2CID 154765095
- "Summary of Reports of the Hoover Commission", Public Administration Review, 9 (2): 73–99, 1949, doi:10.2307/972935, JSTOR 972935
External links
[edit]- National Archives: Records of the Commissions on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government (Hoover Commissions)
- Pemberton, William E., "Truman and the Hoover Commission," Whistle Stop, the Newsletter of the Harry S. Truman Library Institute, v. 19, no. 3, 1991. Archived 2018-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
- Truman Presidential Library and Museum: Hoover Commission Special Subject Guide Archived 2017-12-20 at the Wayback Machine
- Hoover Presidential Library and Museum: Commissions on the Organization of the Executive Branch (Herbert Hoover Papers)
