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Holmestrand Municipality

Coordinates: 59°29′43″N 10°14′55″E / 59.49528°N 10.24861°E / 59.49528; 10.24861
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Holmestrand Municipality
Holmestrand kommune
Municipality
Coat of arms of Holmestrand Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestfold within Norway
Vestfold within Norway
Holmestrand within Vestfold
Holmestrand within Vestfold
Coordinates: 59°29′43″N 10°14′55″E / 59.49528°N 10.24861°E / 59.49528; 10.24861
CountryNorway
CountyVestfold
DistrictJarlsberg
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreHolmestrand
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Alf Johan Svele (H)
Area
 • Total432.35 km2 (166.93 sq mi)
 • Land411.81 km2 (159.00 sq mi)
 • Water20.54 km2 (7.93 sq mi)  4.8%
 • Rank#228 in Norway
Population
 (2024)
 • Total26,872
 • Rank#45 in Norway
 • Density62.2/km2 (161/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +19%
DemonymHolmestranding[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3903[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Holmestrandⓘ is a municipality in Vestfold, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Jarlsberg. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Holmestrand. Some of the notable villages in Holmestrand include Eidsfoss, Eikeberg, Gullhaug, Hof, Klever, Sande, Selvik, and Sundbyfoss.[4]

The 432-square-kilometre (167 sq mi) municipality is the 228th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Holmestrand is the 45th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 26,872. The municipality's population density is 62.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (161/sq mi) and its population has increased by 19% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

General information

[edit]
Kaldåkeråsen
Sandebukta, the head of the fjord near Sande i Vestfold

The kjøpstad of Holmestrand was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In 1942, an area of neighboring Botne Municipality (population: 148) was transferred into the growing town of Holmestrand. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the neighboring Botne Municipality (population: 4,656) was merged into Holmestrand Municipality (population: 1,956). Prior to 1964, the Holmestrand Municipality consisted of only the 0.63 square kilometres (0.24 sq mi) town of Holmestrand, and after the merger, the municipality was 84.25 square kilometres (32.53 sq mi) with a population of 6,612 residents.[7][8]

On 1 January 2018, the neighboring Hof Municipality (population: 3,176) was merged into Holmestrand Municipality.[9] On 1 January 2020, the neighboring Sande Municipality (population: 9,904) was merged into Holmestrand Municipality.[10] On the same date, the 690-decare (0.69 km2; 170-acre) coastal and island areas of Re Municipality were transferred to Holmestrand when that municipality was dissolved and merged into Tønsberg Municipality.[11]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the town) is named Holmestrand (Old Norse: Holmastrand). The first element is the genitive case of the word holmi which means "rocky islet". The last element is strand which means "shore" or "beach". This is likely referring to three small islets that were located just offshore where the town is now located. The islets are no longer visible due to infilled land reclamation efforts.[4]

Coat of arms

[edit]
Arms (1898-2020)
Arms (since 2020)

The first coat of arms for Holmestrand was granted on 14 November 1898 and in use until 1 January 2020. The official blazon is "Gules, an eagle displayed argent holding in dexter an anchor Or and in sinister a rod of Aesculapius also Or and in an inescutcheon azure a frigate argent" (Norwegian: På rød bunn en sølv, flakt ørn som i høyre klo holder et gull anker og i venstre en gull æskulapstav. I blått hjerteskjold en sølv fregatt.). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is an eagle. The eagle has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The eagle in the arms is derived from the arms of the merchant Johan Heinrich Tordenskiold, who, in 1819, donated all his fortune to built a school in Holmestrand. The shield on the eagle shows his frigate Hvide Ørn ("White Eagle"), pictured in silver on a field of blue. The right claw of the eagle holds a golden anchor which symbolises that Holmestrand is a centuries-old maritime town. The eagle holds in its left claw a golden rod of Asclepius, symbolizing the Greek god of medicine. The snake rod represents the town's health spa, which was established in 1840 and in use for over 100 years. The arms had a golden mural crown above it, symbolizing its status as a town. The arms were designed by Andreas Bloch. A municipal flag with the same design as the coat of arms was approved in 1981.[12][13][14]

The present coat of arms was approved for use starting on 1 January 2020, after a large municipal merger took place, greatly increasing the size of Holmestrand. The new arms were developed as part of a local competition which had 588 entries. From them, ten finalists were selected before the municipal council chose the winning design. The official blazon is "Per fess wavy offset to base azure and argent, an oak leaf argent and three wavy lines azure" (Norwegian: I blått over en sølv skjoldfot avdelt med et enkelt bølgesnitt, et sølv opprett eikeblad uten bladstamme. I skjoldfoten, tre enkle, svevende blå bølger 1-1-1.). This means the arms are divided with a wavy horizontal line towards in the bottom of the arms. The field (background) above the line has a tincture of azure (blue). Below the line, the field has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. On the top portion of the arms, there a large white or silver oak leaf standing vertically and below the line, there is a set of three blue wavy lines symbolizing an ocean wave. The oak leaf symbolizes the oak forests in the municipality. It also symbolizes the fjord cutting into the municipality. The waves below symbolize the maritime heritage of the coastal municipality. The area was historically known for its timber trade which ties forests and the ocean together.[4][12][15]

Churches

[edit]
Holmestrand Church

The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Holmestrand. It is part of the Nord-Jarlsberg prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg.

Churches in Holmestrand
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Botne Botne Church Botne c. 1200
Hillestad Church Hillestad 1724
Holmestrand Church Holmestrand 1675
Hof, Vassås
og Eidsfoss		 Eidsfoss Church Eidsfoss 1904
Hof Church Hof c. 1150
Vassås Church Vassås c. 1200
Sande Sande Church Sande i Vestfold c. 1093

Geography

[edit]
Vestfjellet mountain

Holmestrand Municipality is located in the northernmost part of Vestfold county. Øvre Eiker Municipality (in Buskerud county) lies to the northwest, Drammen Municipality (also in Buskerud county) lies to the north and east, Horten Municipality and Tønsberg Municipality lie to the south, and Kongsberg Municipality (in Buskerud county) and Larvik Municipality lie to the west. The Ytre Oslofjord and Drammensfjorden are both located on the east side of the municipality. The islands of Langøya and Bjerkøya are located in the ocean on the east side of the municipality as well. The large lake Eikeren is partially located in northwestern Holmestrand. There are several mountains located in northwestern Holmestrand, including Buaren, Grøntjernkollen, Lauvkollen, Skibergfjellet, and Vestfjellet (the highest point in all of Vestfold county).

Government

[edit]

Holmestrand Municipality responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[16] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Vestfold District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Holmestrand is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Holmestrand kommunestyre 2023–2027 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 7
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 2019–2023 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 2015–2019 [19][20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Holmestrand kommunestyre 2011–2015 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Holmestrand kommunestyre 2007–2011 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Town and local list Holmestrand (By- og bygdelista Holmestrand)4
Total number of members:27
Holmestrand kommunestyre 2003–2007 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Town and local list Holmestrand (By- og Bygdelista Holmestrand)4
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1999–2003 [20][22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Town and local list Holmestrand (By- og Bygdelista Holmestrand)6
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1995–1999 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
 Town and local list (By- og bygdelista)16
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1991–1995 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
 Town and local list (By- og Bygdelista)9
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1987–1991 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet)		 1
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1983–1987 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet)		 1
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1979–1983 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet)		 1
Total number of members:35
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1975–1979 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet)		 1
Total number of members:31
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1971–1975 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:31
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1967–1971 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:31
Holmestrand kommunestyre 1963–1967 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:31
Holmestrand bystyre 1959–1963 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Total number of members:21
Holmestrand bystyre 1955–1959 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
Total number of members:21
Holmestrand bystyre 1951–1955 [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
Total number of members:20
Holmestrand bystyre 1947–1951 [35]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
Total number of members:20
Holmestrand bystyre 1945–1947 [36]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
Total number of members:20
Holmestrand bystyre 1937–1940* [37]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 2
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 8
Total number of members:20
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Holmestrand bystyre 1934–1937 [38]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 2
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:20

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Holmestrand:[39]

  • 1838-1838: Christen Backer
  • 1838-1838: Nils Ihlen
  • 1838-1838: Christen Grønnerup
  • 1839-1840: David Christopher Weidemann
  • 1841-1844: Christian Blichfeldt
  • 1845-1846: Jan Holst
  • 1847-1847: Christen Backer
  • 1848-1848: David Christopher Weidemann
  • 1849-1849: Nils Backer
  • 1850-1850: Jan Holst
  • 1851-1851: Anders Tønnesen
  • 1852-1852: Ole Tollefsen
  • 1852-1852: Jan Holst
  • 1853-1853: Richard Røed
  • 1854-1854: Lauritz Jørgen Olsen
  • 1855-1855: Jørgen Hansen Holst
  • 1856-1856: Adolf Martin Lund
  • 1857-1857: Jan Holst
  • 1858-1859: Wilhelm Nielsen
  • 1859-1859: Hans Berger
  • 1860-1866: Jan Holst
  • 1867-1868: Nils Ihlen Hansen
  • 1869-1869: Christian Gulbrandsen
  • 1870-1875: Nils Ihlen Hansen
  • 1876-1876: Knud Andreas Aabel Gjessing
  • 1877-1877: Nils Ihlen Hansen
  • 1878-1885: Lars Johan Rostad
  • 1885-1885: Jens Emanuel Rynning
  • 1886-1886: Jacob Pettersen
  • 1887-1887: Hans Jørgen Petter Birch
  • 1888-1889: Martin Onsager
  • 1889-1893: Lars Johan Rostad
  • 1894-1894: Jacob Pettersen
  • 1895-1895: Hans Jørgen Petter Birch
  • 1896-1896: Jacob Pettersen
  • 1897-1899: Lars Johan Rostad
  • 1900-1900: Gunnar Magnus Kjølstad Graarud (H)
  • 1901-1907: Lars Johan Rostad
  • 1908-1910: Gunnar Magnus Kjølstad Graarud (H)
  • 1911-1916: Einar Wang (H)
  • 1917-1919: Sigurd Normann (H)
  • 1920-1924: Fredrik Ording (H)
  • 1925-1925: Olav Bang
  • 1926-1926: Anders Kristensen
  • 1927-1927: Sigurd Normann (H)
  • 1928-1928: Anders Kristensen
  • 1929-1931: Sigurd Normann (H)
  • 1932-1932: Anton Knudson
  • 1933-1936: Oscar Lagerløv
  • 1937-1940: Olaf Abrahamsen
  • 1940-1945: Even Norheim (NS)
  • 1942-1942: Olaf Borge (NS)
  • 1945-1945: Dagfinn Olsen
  • 1945-1946: Olaf Abrahamsen (Ap)
  • 1946-1963: Karl G. Andersen (Ap)
  • 1964-1971: Halfdan Kongsten (Ap)
  • 1972-1975: Armand Bjørnholt (Ap)
  • 1976-1979: Stener Anker Karlsen (Ap)
  • 1980-1991: Manni Jack Nordli (Ap)
  • 1992-1999: Olaf Brastad (LL)
  • 1999-2003: Johan Svele (H)
  • 2003-2007: Gerd M. Monsen (Ap)
  • 2007-2019: Alf Johan Svele (H)
  • 2020-2023: Elin Weggesrud (Ap)
  • 2023-present: Alf Johan Svele (H)

Transportation

[edit]

The European route E18 highway passes through Vestfold county, following the coastline south from Oslo towards Southern Norway. The highway runs north-south through the municipality passing through Sande i Vestfold and then passing a short distance to the west of the town of Holmestrand. The Vestfoldbanen railway line follows a similar path through Vestfold county as well. It runs through the centre of the town of Holmestrand, stopping at Holmestrand Station.

The Skjeggestad Bridge and the Hanekleiv Tunnel are both part of the E18 highway in Holmestrand.

Notable people

[edit]
Hans Hein Nysom, painting from 1860
Agathe Backer Grøndahl, 1870
Main category: People from Holmestrand

International relations

[edit]
Fjord på Holmestrand
Credit: Johan Christian Dahl (1843)
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Twin towns — Sister cities

[edit]

Holmestrand has sister city agreements with the following places:[41]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ a b c Thorsnæs, Geir; Lundbo, Sten, eds. (21 February 2024). "Holmestrand". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (1 January 1951). Norges Sivile, Geistlige, Rettslige og Militære Inndeling 1. Januar 1951 (PDF). Norges Offisielle Statistikk (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: H. Aschehoug & Co.
  8. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  9. ^ "Forskrift om sammenslåing av Hof og Holmestrand kommuner, Vestfold fylke". lovdata.no (in Norwegian). 18 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Forskrift om sammenslåing av Holmestrand kommune og Sande kommune til Holmestrand kommune, Vestfold". lovdata.no (in Norwegian). 22 February 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  11. ^ "Mindre grensejusteringer mellom Re og Holmestrand kommuner" (PDF). lovdata.no (in Norwegian). 22 November 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  12. ^ a b "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Holmestrand, Vestfold (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Godkjenning av flagg for Holmestrand kommune, Vestfold". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 4 October 1982. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  15. ^ "Holmestrand kommune, våpen". Digitalarkivet (in Norwegian). Arkivverket. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  16. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Vestfold". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Vestfold og Telemark". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2015 - Vestfold". Valgdirektoratet.
  20. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Vestfold". Valgdirektoratet.
  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1999" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2000. ISBN 8253748531. ISSN 0332-8023.
  23. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. ISBN 8253743351. ISSN 0332-8023.
  24. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. ISBN 8253737939. ISSN 0332-8023.
  25. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. ISBN 8253726325. ISSN 0332-8023.
  26. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. ISBN 8253720378. ISSN 0332-8023.
  27. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. ISBN 8253710836. ISSN 0332-8023.
  28. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. ISBN 8253705646.
  29. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. ISBN 8253701144.
  30. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967.
  31. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964.
  32. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960.
  33. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957.
  34. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952.
  35. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948.
  36. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947.
  37. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938.
  38. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1934" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1935.
  39. ^ Ringard, Morten (1952). Byen under fjellet: Holmestrand 1752 - 10. november - 1952 : festskrift (in Norwegian). Oslo: Aschehoug. p. 106.
  40. ^ Signe Heide Steen at IMDb. Retrieved 05 February 2021.
  41. ^ "Vennskapsbyer" (in Norwegian). Holmestrand kommune. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
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