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Zabaykalsky Krai

Coordinates: 54°00′N 118°00′E / 54.000°N 118.000°E / 54.000; 118.000
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(Redirected from History of Zabaykalsky Krai)

For a historical region, see Transbaikal.
Zabaykalsky Krai
Krai
Забайкальский край
Flag of Zabaykalsky Krai
Flag
Coat of arms of Zabaykalsky Krai
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 54°00′N 118°00′E / 54.000°N 118.000°E / 54.000; 118.000
CountryRussia
Federal districtFar Eastern[1]
Economic regionFar Eastern[2]
Administrative centerChita
Government
 • BodyLegislative Assembly[3]
 • Governor[3]Aleksandr Osipov
Area
[4]
 • Total
431,892 km2 (166,754 sq mi)
 • Rank12th
Population
 (2021 census)[5]
 • Total
1,004,125
 • Estimate 
(2018)[6]
1,072,806
 • Rank50th
 • Density2.3/km2 (6.0/sq mi)
 • Urban
69.1%
 • Rural
30.9%
Time zoneUTC+9 (MSK+6 Edit this on Wikidata[7])
ISO 3166 codeRU-ZAB
License plates75, 80
OKTMO ID76000000
Official languagesRussian[8]
Websitehttp://www.забайкальскийкрай.рф

Zabaykalsky Krai[a] is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.[10]

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.[11]

Geography

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The krai is located within the historical region of Transbaikalia (Dauria) and has extensive international borders with China (Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang) (998 km) and Mongolia (Dornod Province, Khentii Province and Selenge Province) (868 km); its internal borders are with Irkutsk Oblast and Amur Oblast, as well as with Buryatia and the Sakha Republic. The Khentei-Daur Highlands are located at the southwestern end. The Ivan-Arakhley Lake System is a group of lakes lying west of Chita.

Upper Middle River Sakukan, Kalarsky District.
The Chara Sands, a desert like area in the middle of Siberia, as seen near Novaya Chara. The Kodar Mountains lie in the background.

History

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See also: Transbaikal

The first traces of human presence in the area dates to 35 to 150 thousand years ago. Early evidence was found on the surface of ancient river gravels Gyrshelunki (tributary of the Khilok River) near the city of Chita, near Ust-Menza on the Chikoy River.

Based on toponyms, Zabaykalsky might have once been inhabited by a non documented, extinct Yeniseian language.[12]

Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in Baikal territory.[13] The territory of Zabaykalsky Krai has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330–555), Mongol Empire (1206–1368) and Northern Yuan (1368–1691).[14] Medieval Mongol tribes like Merkit, Tayichiud, Jalairs and Khamag Mongols inhabited in the krai.[14] In the 17th century, some or all of Mongolic-speaking Daurs lived along the Shilka, upper Amur, and on the Bureya River. They thus gave their name to the region of Dauria, also called Transbaikal, now the area of Russia east of Lake Baikal. Today Buryat-Mongols remained in the territory of the krai.

Preliminary work on the unification of the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug was started at the level of regional authorities in April 2006. The governor of Chita Oblast Ravil Geniatulin, mayor of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Bair Zhamsuyev, head of the regional parliament Anatoly Romanov, and Dashi Dugarov sent a letter to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and on 17 November 2006, he supported the initiative.

A referendum on unification took place on 11 March 2007. In Chita Oblast, "yes" was the predominant answer to the following question:

Do you agree that the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug merged into a new entity of the Russian Federation - Zabaykalsky Krai, which included Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug will be an administrative-territorial unit with special status, defined by the charter of the province in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation?

In Chita Oblast, 90.29% (535,045 voters) of the voters voted for the union versus – 8.89% (52,698 voters) who voted against it. 72.82% of the electorate participated. In the Aga Buryat Autonomous Region 94% (38,814 voters) voted for the union versus – 5.16% (2129 voters). 82.95% of the electorate voters participated.

On 23 July 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal constitutional law "On Establishment in the Russian Federation of a new subject of the Russian Federation in the merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug", adopted by the State Duma on 5 July 2007. and approved by the Federation Council on 11 July 2007.

Administrative divisions

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Main article: Administrative divisions of Zabaykalsky Krai

Economy

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Large companies in the region include the Priargunskoe Mining and Chemical Association, Territorial Generating Company №14, Novo-Shirokinsky mine, Kharanorskaya State District Power Plant, Kharanorskiy coal mine.[15]

Government

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Ravil Geniatulin, the Governor of Chita Oblast, was elected Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai on 5 February 2008, by the majority of the deputies of both Chita Oblast Duma and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Duma. He assumed the post on 1 March 2008.[16] United Russia candidate Natalia Zhdanova was elected governor with 54% of the vote on 18 September 2016.[17]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
19262,934,000—    
19591,036,387−64.7%
19701,144,918+10.5%
19791,233,435+7.7%
19891,377,975+11.7%
20021,155,346−16.2%
20101,107,107−4.2%
20211,004,125−9.3%
Source: Census data

Population: 1,004,125 (2021 Census);[18] 1,107,107 (2010 Census);[10] 1,155,346 (2002 Census);[19] 1,377,975 (1989 Soviet census).[20]

According to the 2021 Census,[21] Russians made up 89.2% of the population while Buryats were 7.4%. Other significant groups were Armenians (0.3%), Tatars (0.3%), Ukrainians (0.2%), Kyrgyz (0.2%) and Uzbeks (0.2%). 118,477 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[22]

Ethnicity 2002 census 2010 census 2021 census
Number % Number % Number %
Russians 1,037,502 90.0% 977,499 89.9% 790,207 89.2%
Buryats 70,457 6.1% 73,941 6.8% 65,590 7.4%
Armenians 3,594 0.3% 3,943 0.4% 2,651 0.3%
Tatars 8,159 0.7% 5,857 0.5% 2,489 0.3%
Others 32,941 2.9% 25,886 2.4% 24,711 2.8%
Ethnicity not stated 2,693 – 19,981 – 118,477 –

Settlements

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Vital statistics for 2022:[23][24]

  • Births: 11,135 (10.7 per 1,000)
  • Deaths: 13,801 (13.2 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):[25]
1.69 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):[26]
Total — 66.82 years (male — 62.28, female — 71.54)

Religion

[edit]
Religion in Zabaykalsky Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[27][28]
Spiritual but not religious
 
 28%
Russian Orthodoxy
 
 24.6%
Atheism and irreligion
 
 17.1%
Other and undeclared
 
 16.8%
Buddhism
 
 6.3%
Other Christians
 
 5.6%
Other Orthodox
 
 1.6%

As of a 2012 survey,[27] 25% of the population of Zabaykalsky Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6.25% to Buddhism, 6% declares to be generically unaffiliated Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or being member of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches. In addition, 28% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 17% to be atheist, and 16.15% follows other religion or did not give an answer to the survey.[27]

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ a b Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai, Article 21
  4. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  6. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  8. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  9. ^ Law #5-FKZ
  10. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  11. ^ "Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации". publication.pravo.gov.ru. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  12. ^ Edward Wajda (2018). "Yeniseian and Dene Hydronyms". In Gary Holton; Thomas F. Thornton (eds.). Language and Toponymy in Alaska and Beyond: Papers in Honor of James Kari. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. pp. 183–201. hdl:10125/24847. ISBN 9780997329544.
  13. ^ History of Mongolia, Volume I, 2003
  14. ^ a b History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003
  15. ^ "Trans-Baikal Territory Industries". investinregions.ru. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  16. ^ На административной карте РФ появился новый субъект федерации - Забайкальский край. (A new federal subject—Zabaykalsky Krai—appeared on the administrative map of the Russian Federation) Itar-Tass.com (in Russian)
  17. ^ "Siberia and Russian Far East vote decisively for United Russia in parliamentary elections". siberiantimes.com. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  18. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  19. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  20. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  21. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  22. ^ "Впн-2010". Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  23. ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  24. ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  25. ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  26. ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  27. ^ a b c "Main page project «Arena» : Non-profit research based consulting "Sreda"". Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  28. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

General and cited sources

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  • Законодательное Собрание Забайкальского края. Закон №125-ЗЗК от 17 февраля 2009 г. «Устав Забайкальского края», в ред. Закона №1307-ЗЗК от 25 марта 2016 г «О внесении изменения в статью 52 Устава Забайкальского края». Вступил в силу через десять дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Забайкальский рабочий", №30, 18 февраля 2009 г. (Legislative Assembly of Zabaykalsky Krai. Law #125-ZZK of February 17, 2009 Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai, as amended by the Law #1307-ZZK of March 25, 2016 On Amending Article 52 of the Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
  • Федеральный конституционный закон №5-ФКЗ от 21 июля 2007 г. «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Читинской области и Агинского-Бурятского автономного округа». (Federal Constitutional Law #5-FKZ of July 21, 2007 On the Establishment Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug. ).
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