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Kurgan Oblast

Coordinates: 55°34′N 64°45′E / 55.567°N 64.750°E / 55.567; 64.750
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(Redirected from History of Kurgan Oblast)
For other uses, see Kurgan (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Kursk Oblast.
Kurgan Oblast
Oblast
Курганская область
Flag of Kurgan Oblast
Flag
Coat of arms of Kurgan Oblast
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Kurgan Oblast
Coordinates: 55°34′N 64°45′E / 55.567°N 64.750°E / 55.567; 64.750
CountryRussia
Federal districtUral[1]
Economic regionUral[2]
Administrative centerKurgan[3]
Government
 • BodyOblast Duma[4]
 • Governor[5]Vadim Shumkov
Area
[6]
 • Total
71,488 km2 (27,602 sq mi)
 • Rank43rd
Population
 (2021 census)[7]
 • Total
776,661
 • Estimate 
(2018)[8]
845,537
 • Rank59th
 • Density11/km2 (28/sq mi)
 • Urban
63.9%
 • Rural
36.1%
Time zoneUTC+5 (MSK+2 Edit this on Wikidata[9])
ISO 3166 codeRU-KGN
License plates45
OKTMO ID37000000
Official languagesRussian[10]
Websitehttp://www.kurganobl.ru/

Kurgan Oblast (Russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, romanized: Kurganskaya oblast') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 776,661,[12] down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.[13]

History

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Formed by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 6, 1943. The region included 32 districts of the eastern part of the Chelyabinsk region and 4 districts of the Omsk region with a total population of 975,000.

Recipient of the Order of Lenin (1959).

Geography

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Kurgan Oblast is located in Southern Russia and is part of the Urals Federal District. It shares borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast to the west, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the north-west, Tyumen Oblast to the north-east, and Kazakhstan (Kostanay and North Kazakhstan Region) to the south. Lakes Medvezhye and Filatovo are located in the district.[14]

Climate

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The oblast has a severe continental climate with long cold winters and warm summers with regular droughts. The average January temperature is −18 °C (0 °F), and the average temperature in the warmest month (July) is +19 °C (66 °F). Annual precipitation is about 400 millimeters (16 in).[15]

Politics

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See also: Governor of Kurgan Oblast

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kurgan CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Kurgan Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Kurgan Oblast Duma is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Oblast Duma consists of 34 members and exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

After the last elections held in 2015 the United Russia Party currently holds the majority of seats in the Oblast Duma. Elections of deputies of the Kurgan Regional Duma of the VII convocation are scheduled for 2020.

Administrative divisions

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Main article: Administrative divisions of Kurgan Oblast

Economy

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Kurgan Oblast borders on the oil- and gas-bearing districts of Tyumen Oblast and is also close to similar districts in Tomsk Oblast. Large oil and gas pipelines pass through its territory, and Ural and Siberian oil refineries are fairly close. The main industrial centers are Kurgan, and Shadrinsk.[15]

The oblast does not have large economic mineral reserves; therefore, it has developed mainly on the basis of subindustries associated with processing of agricultural production and assembly and packaging of finished products. The food industry is well developed here, with meat-packing plants, mills, creameries, and powdered milk factories.[15]

Modern large-scale industry began developing during World War II, when sixteen enterprises from western regions of the country were evacuated here in 1941–1942.

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
1959999,170—    
19701,085,560+8.6%
19791,080,274−0.5%
19891,104,872+2.3%
20021,019,532−7.7%
2010910,807−10.7%
2021776,661−14.7%
Source: Census data

Population: 776,661 (2021 Census);[12] 910,807 (2010 Census);[13] 1,019,532 (2002 Census);[16] 1,104,872 (1989 Soviet census).[17]

Russians (823,722) are the largest ethnic group in the Kurgan Oblast, making up 92.5% of the population. Other prominent ethnic groups in the oblast include[13] Tatars (17,017) at 1.9%, Bashkirs (12,257) at 1.4%, Kazakhs (11,939) 1.3%, and Ukrainians (7,080) at 0.8%. Other ethnicities are 2.1%. Additionally, 20,017 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18]

Vital statistics for 2022:[19][20]

  • Births: 6,353 (7.9 per 1,000)
  • Deaths: 12,592 (15.7 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):[21]
1.68 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):[22]
Total — 68.29 years (male — 63.29, female — 73.48)

Settlements

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Religion

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Religion in Kurgan Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[23][24]
Russian Orthodoxy
 
 28.4%
Other Orthodox
 
 0.6%
Other Christians
 
 5.9%
Islam
 
 2.6%
Rodnovery and other native faiths
 
 1.4%
Spiritual but not religious
 
 36.1%
Atheism and irreligion
 
 14.4%
Other and undeclared
 
 10.6%

According to a 2012 survey[23] 28.4% of the population of Kurgan Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6% are nondenominational Christians (with the exclusion of such-defined Protestant churches), 2% are adherents of Islam, 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), and 0.4% are adherents of forms of Hinduism (Vedism, Krishnaism or Tantrism). In addition, 36% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 14% is atheist, and 12.2% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[23]

Notable people

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Charter of Kurgan Oblast, Article 13
  4. ^ Charter of Kurgan Oblast, Article 80
  5. ^ Charter of Kurgan Oblast, Article 78-1
  6. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  7. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  8. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  10. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  11. ^ Charter of Kurgan Oblast, Article 10
  12. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  13. ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  14. ^ "N-42 Topographic Chart (in Russian)". Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  15. ^ a b c Kurgan Region Archived November 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  17. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  18. ^ "ВПН-2010". www.perepis-2010.ru. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  19. ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  20. ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  21. ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  22. ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
  23. ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  24. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

Sources

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  • Курганская областная Дума. Закон №1 от 16 декабря 1994 г. «Устав Курганской области», в ред. Закона №108 от 30 ноября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав Курганской области». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новый мир", №242, 21 декабря 1994 г. (Kurgan Oblast Duma. Law #1 of December 16, 1994 Charter of Kurgan Oblast, as amended by the Law #108 of November 30, 2015 On Amending the Charter of Kurgan Oblast. Effective as of after the official publication.).
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