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Hessian Hills School

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Hessian Hills School (1925–1952) was a progressive school[1] in the Mount Airy neighborhood of Croton-on-Hudson, New York.[2][3][4] The school was founded as a community school by Elizabeth Moos and Margaret Hatfield.[5][6][7] Children were welcomed from age 2 to 15. In 1934, Hessian Hills School, City and Country School in New York City, and five other like-minded progressive schools formed a group called Associated Experimental Schools to raise funds and to refine their progressive philosophy, but the group was abandoned by the end of the 1930s. City and Country School has preserved the archives of this group.

Parents were "an eclectic group of socialists, Quakers, radical Jews, prominent intellectuals and liberal business-people".[3] The curriculum was based on the ideas of John Dewey and Horace Mann.[5] Frances Horwich was head of the school for a few years during World War II, and later became host of the children's television program Ding Dong School. She was followed in 1943 by educator James L. Hymes Jr.[8] Moos, the founder, developed political views which some viewed as too far to the left.[5]

Architecture

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The school suffered a fire in 1930.[9] After the fire a new school building was designed by William Lescaze and George Howe.[9][7] The building was designed in the International Style,[6] and has been called "the most noted early example of modernist school design in America".[10]

The school was the subject of a documentary film by Lee Dick,[11] screened at the 1939 New York World's Fair.[12] The film was apparently the first documentary produced on 16mm with sound and dialogue.[12]

The building is currently used by Temple Israel of Northern Westchester.[5][13]

Notable alumni

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  • Mary Esherick, b. 1916. Daughter of Wharton Esherick, artist, who, Instead of fees, paid the school in children's chairs he designed in 1925.[9]
  • Ethel Stein, b. 1917, textile artist.[6]
  • Heywood Hale Broun, b. 1918, actor and broadcaster.[14]
  • Sonia Chase Hodson, b. 1920. Daughter of school founder Margaret Hatfield and Stuart Chase, a prominent social theorist.[15]
  • Sheldon R. Coons, Jr, b. 1921. Killed in WWII, son of Sheldon R. Coons, philanthropist.[16][17][18]
  • Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown, b. 1922, architect.
  • Thomas Kuhn, b. 1922, philosopher of science, who introduced the term paradigm shift. He attended the school from sixth through ninth grade, and left the school in 1937.[7]
  • James Stevenson, b. 1929, illustrator and author.
  • Two sons of artist Fairfield Porter. He corresponded at length with Elizabeth Moos in 1941 about his sons' education.[19]
  • Jonathan Talbot, b. 1939, collage artist. He was enrolled in the school in the late 1940s.

Since the school welcomed children only up to about age 15, most children went elsewhere to finish their school education. One alternative progressive school was Scarborough School, only a few miles from Hessian Hills.

References

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  1. ^ "Education: In Hessian Hills". Time. 1932-12-19. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  2. ^ Campbell, Katherine M. (1984). An Experiment in Education: The Hessian Hills School, 1925-1952. Boston, Mass.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ a b Campbell, Katherine M. (1984). "The Hessian Hills School, 1930-1941: Social Reconstructionism in Practice". Journal of the Midwest History of Education Society. 17: 78–86.
  4. ^ "Hessian Hill School (historical) (in Westchester County, NY)". newyork.hometownlocator.com. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  5. ^ a b c d "Hessian Hills School: An Idea Before Its Time". The Croton-Cortlandt News. August 9, 1973. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  6. ^ a b c Kridel, Craig (2012). "Towards an Understanding of Progressive Education and "School": Lee Dick's 1939 Documentary Film on the Hessian Hills School" (PDF).
  7. ^ a b c Reisch, George A. (2019-05-01). The Politics of Paradigms: Thomas S. Kuhn, James B. Conant, and the Cold War "Struggle for Men's Minds". SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-7368-0.
  8. ^ Hymes, James L. (1943). "Building the Post-war World Now". Childhood Education. 19 (7): 300–303. doi:10.1080/00094056.1943.10725760.
  9. ^ a b c tom.mccabe (2018-12-04). "Wharton Esherick's Hessian Hills School Chair". Freeman's. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
  10. ^ Baker, Paul R.; Hines, Thomas S. (1983). "Richard Neutra and the Search for Modern Architecture: A Biography and History". The Journal of American History. 70 (1): 180. doi:10.2307/1890602. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 1890602.
  11. ^ Lee Dick Inc. (1939), School, retrieved 2020-06-02
  12. ^ a b "Towards an Understanding of Progressive Education and "School": Lee Dick's 1939 Documentary Film on the Hessian Hills School". Retrieved 2020-01-03.
  13. ^ "Hessian Hills School". www.philadelphiabuildings.org. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
  14. ^ Henry, Susan, 1947- (2012). Anonymous in their own names : Doris E. Fleischman, Ruth Hale, and Jane Grant. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-8265-1848-4. OCLC 808778758.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "Sonia Chase Hodson". The Martha's Vineyard Times. 2017-04-10. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  16. ^ "American Air Museum".
  17. ^ The Wilkes-Barre Record, Wilkes-Barre PA, 26 June 1945
  18. ^ "archives of mount sinai hospital".
  19. ^ Leigh, Ted (2010-02-05). Material Witness: The Selected Letters of Fairfield Porter. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-02556-5.
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