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Herman S. Bachelard

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Herman S Bachelard
Born
Melbourne, Australia
NationalityBritish
Alma materMonash University
Known forBrain chemistry, brain metabolism
Scientific career
FieldsNeurochemistry, Neurosciences
InstitutionsInstitute of Psychiatry, London, UK

Herman Stanton Bachelard (1929 – 12 September 2006) was a British neurochemist, editor-in-chief and neuroscience book writer. He was born in Melbourne, Australia, and gained his BSc in Chemistry and Microbiology from Melbourne University in 1951, achieving an MSc and PhD in Biochemistry at Monash University. He developed most of his academic career in the United Kingdom, where Professor Bachelard headed the Departments of Biochemistry of the University of Bath and St Thomas' Hospital King's College London School of Medicine, concluding his career as Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Nottingham.[1][2][3]

Academic career

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In 1966 he took-up a permanent academic post at the Institute of Psychiatry under the leadership of Professor Henry McIlwain, with whom Bachelard eventually culminated in joint authorship the classic text "Biochemistry and the Central Nervous System"[4] Bachelard's books also included "Brain Biochemistry"[5] and "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurochemistry.",[6] and -as a co-editor- also "Neurochemistry : a practical approach"[7] In 1975 Herman was appointed to the Chair of Biochemistry in the University of Bath, and in 1979 undertook the Chair of Biochemistry at St. Thomas's Medical School, London. He was Chief Editor (Eastern Hemisphere) of the Journal of Neurochemistry for five years, and also acted as the founding Secretary of the European Society for Neurochemistry from 1976 until 1980 when he became its President and held that post until 1984.
Having developed an interest in non-invasive approaches to study brain metabolism Herman moved to Nottingham (UK), firstly as an external user at the newly formed MRC Biomedical NMR Centre at the National Institute for Medical Research, and then, in 1991, as a Research Professor in Residence at the Department of Physics of the University of Nottingham, from where he eventually retired in 1996.

Research

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Most of Bachelard's research had the regulation of energy metabolism in the brain as a central theme, and involved invasive techniques in experimental animal preparations ranging from purified glycolytic-enzymes[8][9] to tissue-homogenates,[10] synaptosomes,[11][12][13] brain slices[14][15][16] and even anaesthetized live-animals.[17] Much of this work emphasized the brain's critical dependence on the availability of circulating glucose and oxygen, unveiling details of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in the brain.[18][19] During his later years in Nottingham Bachelard participated actively in pioneerering studies in human volunteers on the application of "13-C In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy" to estimate glucose-oxidation metabolic rates in visual cortex during intense light-stimulation.[20] A comprehensive list of most of his research articles can be found here

References

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  1. ^ "The death of Professor Herman Bachelard 1929–2006". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  2. ^ Lunt, George; Eisenthal, Robert (2007). "Herman Bachelard – 1929–2006". Journal of Neurochemistry. 100 (4): 855–856. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04436.x. ISSN 1471-4159. PMID 17254007.
  3. ^ "ESN Bachelard Lectureship Award". ISN. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  4. ^ Bachelard, Herman S.; McIlwain, Henry (1985). Biochemistry and the central nervous system (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0443019616.
  5. ^ Bachelard, H.S. (1981). Brain biochemistry (2nd ed.). London [etc.]: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 978-0412234705.
  6. ^ Bachelard, Herman, ed. (1997). Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurochemistry. Boston, MA: Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-1461376880.
  7. ^ H.S. Bachelard (1997). Turner, A. J. (ed.). Neurochemistry : a practical approach (2nd ed.). Oxford: IRL press at Oxford university press. ISBN 978-0199634392.
  8. ^ Bachelard, HS (July 1967). "The subcellular distribution and properties of hexokinases in the guinea-pig cerebral cortex". The Biochemical Journal. 104 (1): 286–92. doi:10.1042/bj1040286. PMC 1270574. PMID 6035519.
  9. ^ Nicholas, PC; Bachelard, HS (May 1969). "The separation, partial purificatio nd some properties of isoenzymes of aldolase from guinea-pig cerebral cortex". The Biochemical Journal. 112 (5): 587–94. doi:10.1042/bj1120587. PMC 1187760. PMID 5821724.
  10. ^ Bachelard, HS (May 1972). "Deoxyglucose and brain glycolysis". The Biochemical Journal. 127 (5): 83P. doi:10.1042/bj1270083pa. PMC 1178807. PMID 5076230.
  11. ^ Heaton, GM; Bachelard, HS (November 1973). "The kinetic properties of hexose transport into synaptosomes from guinea pig cerebral cortex". Journal of Neurochemistry. 21 (5): 1099–108. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb07564.x. PMID 4761699. S2CID 44814730.
  12. ^ Heaton, GM; Bachelard, HS (April 1974). "Fluid spaces of synaptosome beds". Journal of Neurochemistry. 22 (4): 561–4. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb06895.x. PMID 4829976. S2CID 35149176.
  13. ^ Park, IR; Thorn, MB; Bachelard, HS (September 1987). "Threshold requirements for oxygen in the release of acetylcholine from, and in the maintenance of the energy state in, rat brain synaptosomes". Journal of Neurochemistry. 49 (3): 781–8. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb00961.x. PMID 3612124. S2CID 38225161.
  14. ^ BACHELARD, HS; CAMPBELL, WJ; McILWAIN, H (August 1962). "The sodium and other ions of mammalian cerebral tissues, maintained and electrically stimulated in vitro". The Biochemical Journal. 84 (2): 225–32. doi:10.1042/bj0840225. PMC 1243652. PMID 13863711.
  15. ^ Fletcher, AM; Bachelard, HS (July 1978). "Demonstration of high affinity hexose uptake in cerebral cortex-slices". Journal of Neurochemistry. 31 (1): 233–6. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb12453.x. PMID 671022. S2CID 43392063.
  16. ^ Cox, DW; Drower, J; Bachelard, HS (1985). "Effects of metabolic inhibitors on evoked activity and the energy state of hippocampal slices superfused in vitro". Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation Cerebrale. 57 (3): 464–70. doi:10.1007/BF00237833. PMID 2984037. S2CID 20377435.
  17. ^ Obrenovitch, TP; Garofalo, O; Harris, RJ; Bordi, L; Ono, M; Momma, F; Bachelard, HS; Symon, L (December 1988). "Brain tissue concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate, and tissue pH in relation to reduced cerebral blood flow following experimental acute middle cerebral artery occlusion". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 8 (6): 866–74. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1988.144. PMID 3192651. S2CID 36726218.
  18. ^ Bachelard, HS (1978). "Glucose as a fuel for the brain". Biochemical Society Transactions. 6 (3): 520–4. doi:10.1042/bst0060520. PMID 669002. S2CID 5052384.
  19. ^ Bachelard, HS (1978). "Oxygen and brain metabolism". Biochemical Society Transactions. 6 (2): 368–72. doi:10.1042/bst0060368a. PMID 648716.
  20. ^ Chhina, N; Kuestermann, E; Halliday, J; Simpson, LJ; Macdonald, IA; Bachelard, HS; Morris, PG (1 December 2001). "Measurement of human tricarboxylic acid cycle rates during visual activation by (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 66 (5): 737–46. doi:10.1002/jnr.10053. PMID 11746397. S2CID 19659097.
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