Harrison Gray Otis (politician)

This article is about the Massachusetts politician. For the publisher of the Los Angeles Times, see Harrison Gray Otis (publisher).

Harrison Gray Otis
United States Senator from Massachusetts
In office March 4, 1817 – May 30, 1822
Preceded by	Joseph Bradley Varnum
Succeeded by	James Lloyd
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 8th district
In office March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1801
Preceded by	Fisher Ames
Succeeded by	William Eustis
3rd Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts
In office January 5, 1829 – January 2, 1832
Preceded by	Josiah Quincy III
Succeeded by	Charles Wells
Delegate from Massachusetts to the Hartford Convention
In office 1814–1815
President of the Massachusetts Senate
In office 1805 – 1806 1808–1811
United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts
In office 1796–1796
Preceded by	Christopher Gore
Succeeded by	John Davis
Personal details
Born	(1765-10-08)October 8, 1765 Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony, British America
Died	October 28, 1848(1848-10-28) (aged 83) Boston, Massachusetts, US
Political party	Federalist
Spouse	Sally Foster Otis
Children	11
Relatives	Otis family
Education	Boston Latin School
Alma mater	Harvard University
Profession	Law

Harrison Gray Otis (October 8, 1765 – October 28, 1848), was a businessman, lawyer, and politician, becoming one of the most important leaders of the United States' first political party, the Federalists. He was a member of the Otis family.

One of the wealthiest men of Boston, Otis was reportedly worth at least US$800,000 in 1846, equivalent to $24,300,000 in 2023.

Early life

Otis was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 8, 1765, to Elizabeth (née Gray) and Samuel Allyne Otis. His uncle was American colonial leader and activist James Otis, and his father was active in early American politics as a member of Massachusetts state house of representatives, delegate to Massachusetts state constitutional convention, and Continental Congress delegate from Massachusetts. His aunt was Mercy Otis Warren, a well-known poet.

Otis himself graduated from Boston Latin School in 1773 and Harvard University in 1783, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1786 when he commenced practice in Boston.

Career

Coat of Arms of Harrison Gray Otis

In 1794 he was elected to the Massachusetts legislature, and in 1796 was appointed by President George Washington to be U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts. In 1797, he was elected U.S. Representative from Massachusetts as a Federalist and a strong advocate for centralized government, in which office he served until 1801. He was appointed United States U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts by President John Adams (1801–1802), and again served in the state legislature from 1802 to 1817, serving several terms as President of the state senate (1805–1806, 1808–1811). He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1804. In subsequent years, Otis was elected U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1817–1822), and then Mayor of Boston (1829–1831).

Judicial career

In 1814, in the midst of his political career, he was also named a judge of the court of common pleas (1814–1818), and played a leading role as delegate to the controversial Hartford Convention in which New England's secession from the United States was discussed. Overall, it led to the demise of the Federalists, and Otis's political ambitions suffered. Otis subsequently defended the convention in his Letters Developing the Character and Views of the Hartford Convention (1820) and his Letters in Defence of the Hartford Convention (1824).

Otis was involved in a major financial scandal during the site selection for the Massachusetts State House. Boston was determined to remain the state capitol, and appointed Otis to a town committee to purchase land and donate it to the state. He did so, and also quietly arranged his own private purchase of 18.5 acres (75,000 m²) adjoining from the agent of John Singleton Copley, then living in England. After a decade of legal arguments, the sale was upheld, and Otis and the Mount Vernon Proprietors developed a large part of Beacon Hill.

Otis was an overseer of Harvard University from 1810 to 1823, and a fellow of the university from 1823 to 1825, as well as one of the original incorporators of the Boston Bank. In 1812, Otis also became a founding member of the American Antiquarian Society.

Personal life

Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis, by Gilbert Stuart

On May 31, 1790, Otis married Sally Foster, the daughter of prominent merchant William Foster. During the course of his lifetime, he built not one, but three, grand houses in quick succession (see Harrison Gray Otis House), all designed by noted architect Charles Bulfinch. Together, Harrison and Sally were the parents of eleven children, including:

• Elizabeth Gray Otis (1791–1824), who married George Williams Lyman (1786–1880), a director of the Boston and Lowell Railroad.
• Harrison Gray Otis, Jr. (1792–1827), who married Eliza Henderson Boardman (1796–1873).
• Sally Ann Otis (1793–1819), who married Israel Thorndike, Jr. (1785–1867), son of merchant Israel Thorndike.
• Sophia Harrison Otis (1799–1874), who married Andrew Ritchie Jr. (1782–1862).
• James William Otis (1800–1869), who married Martha C. Church (1807–1888) in 1825.
• William Foster Otis (1801–1858), who married Emily Marshall (1807–1836).

He died in Boston on October 28, 1848, and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Descendants

Through his son William, he was the grandfather of Emily Marshall Otis (1832–1906), who married historian and educator Samuel Eliot. Through his son James, he was the grandfather of James Otis, a New York State Senator and society leader.

A descendant was J. Wadsworth Ritchie (1861–1924), son of Montgomery Harrison Ritchie, who died in the American Civil War, and the first husband of Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie Adair.

Gallery

• 
  2nd Harrison Gray Otis House, Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts.
• 
  Harrison Gray Otis' grave at Mount Auburn Cemetery

See also

• Harrison Gray Otis House
• Timeline of Boston, 1790s-1830s
• Otis, Iowa
• 1822 Boston mayoral election
• 1828 Boston mayoral election
• 1829 Boston mayoral election
• 1830 Boston mayoral election

External links

• United States Congress. "Harrison Gray Otis (id: O000127)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.