Haloarcula

Haloarcula
SEM image of Haloarcula quadrata.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Euryarchaeota
Phylum:	Euryarchaeota
Class:	Halobacteria
Order:	Halobacteriales
Family:	Haloarculaceae
Genus:	Haloarcula Torreblanca et al. 1986 emend. Oren et al. 2009
Type species
Haloarcula vallismortis (Gonzalez, Gutierrez & Ramirez 1979) Torreblanca et al. 1986
Species
"H. aidinensis" "H. algeriensis" H. amylolytica H. argentinensis H. hispanica H. japonica H. mannanilytica H. marismortui "H. morrhuae" H. quadrata "H. rubripromontorii" H. salaria H. salina H. sebkhae "H. siamensis" "H. taiwanensis" H. tradensis H. vallismortis

Haloarcula (common abbreviation Har.) is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria.

Cell Structure

Haloarcula species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Halobacteriaceae by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. H. quadrata has predominantly flat, square-shaped, somewhat pleomorphic cells.

Metabolism

H. quadrata was first isolated when researchers were attempting to culture Haloquadratum walsbyi, a haloarchaeon that was thought to be unculturable until 2004. Similar to other halophilic archaea, Haloarcula species grow optimally at 40–45 °C. Growth appears in sheets of up to 65 cells often in the shape of a square or triangle.

Taxonomy

The genus of Haloarcula was long grouped with other halophilic archaea such as Halobacterium until genomic analysis prompted to reorder this genus in the new family of Haloarculaceae.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022

53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214

Haloarcula H. mannanilytica H. sebkhae H. tradensis Namwong et al. 2011 H. salaria Namwong et al. 2011 H. amylolytica H. japonica H. hispanica H. argentinensis H. marismortui H. quadrata Oren et al. 1999 H. vallismortis Halomicroarcula salinisoli Halomicroarcula salina Halomicroarcula amylolytica Halomicroarcula limicola Halomicroarcula nitratireducens Halomicrobium katesii Halomicrobium urmianus Halapricum desulfuricans

Halomicrobium Halomicroarcula Haloarcula H. salina (Zhang & Cui 2015) Ma et al. 2023 "H. rubripromontorii" Sanchez-Nieves et al. 2016 "H. taiwanensis" Chen et al. 2018 H. vallismortis (Gonzalez, Gutierrez & Ramirez 1979) Torreblanca et al. 1986 H. mannanilytica Enomoto et al. 2020 H. amylolytica Yang et al. 2007 H. hispanica Juez et al. 1986 H. japonica Takashina et al. 1991 H. marismortui Elazari-Volcani 1940 ex Oren et al. 1990 H. argentinensis Ihara et al. 1997 H. sebkhae Barreteau et al. 2019

Ecology

Haloarcula species are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils. Like other members of the family Halobacteriaceae, Haloarcula requires at least 1.5 M NaCl for growth, but grow optimally in 2.0 to 4.5 M NaCl.

See also

• List of Archaea genera

Further reading

• Torreblanca M, Rodriquez-Valera F, Juez G, Ventosa A, Kamekura M, Kates M (1986). "Classification of non-alkaliphilic halobacteria based on numerical taxonomy and polar lipid composition, and description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen.nov". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 8 (1–2): 89–99. doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(86)80155-2.
• Oren A, Ventosa A (2000). "International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Minutes of the meetings, 16 August 1999, Sydney, Australia". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50 (3): 1405–1407. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-3-1405. PMID 10843089.
• Javor B, Requadt C, Stoeckenius W (1982). "Box-shaped halophilic bacteria". J. Bacteriol. 151 (3): 1532–1542. doi:10.1128/jb.151.3.1532-1542.1982. PMC 220435. PMID 6286602.

External links

• Haloarcula at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase