Jump to content

Batman: The Animated Series

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from H.A.R.D.A.C.)
For other television adaptations, see Batman in television.

Batman: The Animated Series
Also known asThe Adventures of Batman & Robin
Genre
Created byEric Radomski
Bruce W. Timm
Based onBatman
by Bob Kane (credited) and Bill Finger (uncredited)
Developed by
Written by
Voices of
Theme music composerDanny Elfman
Composers
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons2
No. of episodes85 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producersJean MacCurdy
Tom Ruegger
Producers
Running time22 minutes
Production companyWarner Bros. Animation
Original release
NetworkFox Kids
ReleaseSeptember 5, 1992 (1992-09-05) –
September 15, 1995 (1995-09-15)
Related

Batman: The Animated Series (often shortened as Batman TAS or BTAS)[1] is an American animated superhero television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. Developed by Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski, and produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it originally aired on Fox Kids from September 5, 1992, to September 15, 1995, with a total of 85 episodes.[2][3][4] Mid-way through the series' run, it was re-titled The Adventures of Batman & Robin.

Batman: The Animated Series has received widespread acclaim since its release and was hailed as a groundbreaking superhero show, receiving praise for its writing, art design, voice acting, orchestrated soundtrack, and modernization of its title character's source material.[5][6] Its critical success led to the show winning multiple Daytime Emmy Awards,[7] as well as the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Programming.[8]

After the series ended its original run, a follow-up titled The New Batman Adventures began airing on Kids' WB in 1997 as a continuation of the series, featuring a revamped animation style. Lasting 24 episodes, it has often been included in the same syndicated re-run packages and home media releases as the final season. Batman: The Animated Series also became the first in the continuity of the shared DC Animated Universe, which spawned further animated TV series, feature films, comic books and video games with much of the same creative talent, including the 1993 theatrical release Batman: Mask of the Phantasm.

Production

[edit]

During the series' production, producer Alan Burnett wrote an episode without dialogue entitled "Silent Night" to explore more of Batman's sexual life, but this was never produced. Burnett also intended to make an episode featuring a female vampire that would bite Batman to suck his blood, but plans never materialized.[9]

The series is also notable for its supporting cast. Numerous known actors provided voices for a variety of recognizable villains. Most notable was Mark Hamill, previously famous for his role as Luke Skywalker in the original Star Wars trilogy, whose prominence as a voice actor was heightened through his "cheerfully deranged" portrayal of the Joker.[10] The role was originally given to Tim Curry, but he developed bronchitis during the initial recording sessions.[11] John Glover, who later voiced the Riddler, also auditioned for the Joker role. Hamill, who found himself to be the biggest fan of the Batman comics among the cast, credited the laughs he had honed on stage in Amadeus with landing him the role. The recording sessions, under the supervision of voice director Andrea Romano, were recorded with the actors together in one studio instead of taking separate recordings, as is typical. This method would later be employed for all subsequent series in the DC Animated Universe. Al Pacino was considered to voice Two-Face in the series, but he declined the offer;[12] Richard Moll was instead cast in the role. Other actors included Ron Perlman as Clayface, Roddy McDowall as the Mad Hatter, David Warner as Ra's al Ghul, Michael York as Count Vertigo, Kate Mulgrew as Red Claw, George Murdock as Boss Biggis, Ed Asner as Roland Daggett and George Dzundza as the Ventriloquist.

One of the series' best-known inventions is the Joker's assistant, Harley Quinn, who became so popular that DC Comics later added her to mainstream comic book continuity. The Penguin underwent change for the series; his appearance was remodeled after the version seen in Batman Returns, which was in production simultaneously with the series' first season. New life was also given to lesser-known characters for the series, such as the Clock King. In addition, dramatic changes were made to other villains such as Clayface and Mr. Freeze, the latter of whom was changed from a gimmicky mad scientist to a tragic figure whose "frigid exterior [hid] a doomed love and vindictive fury".

In order to complete the first season's 65 episodes, Warner Bros. Animation outsourced the series to several different overseas animation houses: Spectrum Animation, Sunrise, Studio Junio and Tokyo Movie Shinsha in Japan, Dong Yang Animation, Koko Enterprises Ltd. and AKOM in South Korea, Jade Animation in Hong Kong, Blue Pencil in Spain and Network of Animation (NOA) in Canada.[13] TMS also animated the first season's opening theme sequence. AKOM was eventually fired due to its inconsistent animation in many episodes such as "Cat Scratch Fever" and "Moon of the Wolf".[14]

The 20 episodes of the second season were animated largely by Dong Yang, with the exception of three done by Studio Junio ("A Bullet for Bullock", "Avatar" and "Baby-Doll") and one done by Jade Animation ("The Terrible Trio").[13]

Styles and themes

[edit]

The series took influence from Tim Burton's live-action films, Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992), and the acclaimed Superman theatrical cartoons produced by Fleischer Studios in the early 1940s.[15] In designing the series, Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski emulated the Burton films' "otherworldly timelessness", incorporating period features such as black-and-white title cards, police airships and a "vintage" color scheme with film noir flourishes.[16]

The visual style of the series was based on the artwork of Radomski, and the gothic look of Gotham City was derived from his initial designs.[17] In addition, Radomski issued a standing order to the animation department that all backgrounds be painted using light colors on black paper (as opposed to the industry standard of dark colors on white paper).[16] The distinctive visual combination of "noir" imagery and Art Deco design was dubbed "Dark Deco" by the producers.[18] The series initially took a variation of music written by Danny Elfman for the Burton films as its theme; later episodes of the series used a new theme with a similar style by Shirley Walker, an occasional collaborator of Elfman. The score of the series was influenced by Elfman's work on the Burton films, as well as music of 1940s film noir.[19] The show depicts outright physical violence against antagonists, including realistic firearms (though only one character, Commissioner Gordon, was ever depicted as having been shot, in the episode "I Am the Night"). First-time producers Timm and Radomski reportedly encountered resistance from studio executives, but the success of Burton's first film allowed the embryonic series to survive long enough to produce a pilot episode, "On Leather Wings", which, according to Timm, "got a lot of people off our backs".[16]

Characters

[edit]
Voice director Andrea Romano, at right, directing the voice cast of the series in a table reading at the 2019 East Coast Comicon

Protagonists

[edit]
Voice actor Role
Kevin Conroy Bruce Wayne / Batman
Loren Lester Dick Grayson / Robin
Efrem Zimbalist Jr. Alfred Pennyworth (Clive Revill in the first three episodes of production order).
Bob Hastings Commissioner James "Jim" Gordon
Robert Costanzo Detective Harvey Bullock

Supporting protagonists

[edit]
Voice actor Role
Ingrid Oliu Officer Renee Montoya (season one)
Liane Schirmer Officer Renee Montoya (season two)
Brock Peters Lucius Fox
Mari Devon Summer Gleeson
Melissa Gilbert Barbara Gordon / Batgirl
Diana Muldaur Dr. Leslie Thompkins
Lloyd Bochner Mayor Hamilton Hill
Marilu Henner Veronica Vreeland
William Sanderson Karl Rossum
Bill McKinney Jonah Hex
Julie Brown Zatanna Zatara
Adam West Simon Trent / Gray Ghost

Antagonists

[edit]
Batman's rogues gallery from left to right: Mr. Freeze, Poison Ivy, the Penguin, the Joker, Harley Quinn, the Mad Hatter, the Riddler, Catwoman (with her cat Isis), Two-Face, Bane, the Scarecrow, Killer Croc, Ra's al Ghul, Talia al Ghul, the Phantasm, the Ventriloquist and Scarface, and Clayface
Voice actor Role
Mark Hamill Jack Napier / The Joker
Arleen Sorkin Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn
Paul Williams Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin
Richard Moll Harvey Dent / Two-Face
Adrienne Barbeau Selina Kyle / Catwoman
Diane Pershing Dr. Pamela Lillian Isley / Poison Ivy
Henry Polic II Dr. Jonathan Crane / The Scarecrow
John Glover Edward Nygma / The Riddler
David Warner Ra's al Ghul
Helen Slater Talia al Ghul
Michael Ansara Dr. Victor Fries / Mr. Freeze
Ron Perlman Matthew "Matt" Hagen / Clayface
Aron Kincaid Waylon Jones / Killer Croc
Roddy McDowall Jervis Tetch / The Mad Hatter
George Dzundza Arnold Wesker / The Ventriloquist and Scarface
Marc Singer Dr. Robert Kirkland "Kirk" Langstrom / Man-Bat
Henry Silva Bane

Supporting antagonists

[edit]
Voice actor Role
Ed Asner Roland Daggett
Jeff Bennett HARDAC
Ray Buktenica Hugo Strange
Michael Gross Lloyd Ventrix
Robert Ito Kyodai Ken
Alison La Placa Mary Louise Dahl / Baby-Doll
Joseph Maher Dr. Emile Dorian
Kate Mulgrew Red Claw
George Murdock Boss Biggis
Michael Pataki Sewer King
Alan Rachins Temple Fugate / Clock King
Steve Susskind Maximillian "Maxie" Zeus
John Vernon Rupert Thorne
Bruce Weitz Lock-Up/Lyle Bolton
Treat Williams Professor Achilles Milo
Michael York Count Werner Vertigo
Thomas F. Wilson Tony Zucco

Episodes

[edit]
Main article: List of Batman: The Animated Series episodes
SeasonEpisodesOriginally aired
First airedLast airedNetwork
165September 5, 1992 (1992-09-05)September 17, 1993 (1993-09-17)Fox Kids
220May 2, 1994 (1994-05-02)September 15, 1995 (1995-09-15)

Adaptations

[edit]

The series adapted classic Batman comic books tales into memorable episodes including "The Laughing Fish" brought Joker's antics from Detective Comics #475-476 to life as he tried to copyright Jokerized fish. In "The Cape & Cowl Conspiracy," Batman faced deadly traps inspired by Detective Comics #450. "Moon Of The Wolf" saw Batman investigating werewolf attacks based on Batman #255. "The Demon's Quest" introduced Ra's Al Ghul from Batman #232 and #244. "Two-Face" delved into Harvey Dent's backstory, while "A Bullet For Bullock" had detective Harvey Bullock teaming up with Batman to crack a dangerous case.[20]

In other media

[edit]

Sixteen minutes of animated segments in the video game The Adventures of Batman & Robin for the Sega CD are sometimes referred to as a "lost episode" of the series. These segments are intended to be interspersed between gameplay elements of an early-1990s video game and as such, the sound, color and story are not quite of the same quality as the actual television program. And because Sega did not have to follow the censorship rules of the show, the fights are also a little more violent. Many of the show's voice actors reprised their roles for the game, and are thus in the lost episode as well. Similar cutscenes appear throughout the video games Batman: Vengeance and Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu.[21]

Broadcast

[edit]

Produced by Warner Bros, Batman: The Animated Series features episodes that are typically 22 minutes long, fitting into half-hour time slots.[22] Season 1 consisted of 65 episodes,[23] and initially premiered in prime time on the Fox network. It began with a special broadcast of the first episode, "On Leather Wings," on September 6, 1992, to promote its upcoming debut on Fox Kids. The regular prime time schedule started on December 13, 1992, with the episode "I Am the Night," airing Sundays at 7 PM ET.[24] The season concluded on September 16, 1993.[23]

The success of the first season prompted executives to demand more episodes and higher ratings. To attract younger audiences, the studio required Robin to appear in every episode, resulting in changes to the show's look, storylines, and title. The series was renamed The Adventures of Batman and Robin, and later The New Batman Adventures. This shift affected potential storylines, including a scrapped episode featuring Catwoman and Black Canary due to Robin's absence.[25]

The series later began airing on Toon Disney's Jetix line-up on September 30, 2007, again alongside Superman: The Animated Series (despite Warner Bros. being one of Disney's biggest competitors).[26] The show aired on Teletoon Retro, debuting on January 8, 2010. The first 65 episodes were confirmed, with the first being "The Cat and Claw, Part 1". The show was scheduled to air on a weekly basis, airing at 7:00 am, 6:00 pm, and midnight. All times are Eastern.[27] The Hub Network aired the series from September 6, 2011, to November 29, 2013. The channel aired a 10-episode marathon of the series on July 20, 2012, to coincide with the theatrical release of The Dark Knight Rises and even created an animated version of one of the film's trailers, featuring Kevin Conroy and Adrienne Barbeau re-dubbing Batman and Catwoman's dialogue from the trailer.[28]

Music

[edit]
Batman: The Animated Series
Soundtrack album by
Shirley Walker, Lolita Ritmanis, Michael McCuistion, and Danny Elfman
ReleasedDecember 16, 2008
Length137 minutes
LabelLa La Land Records

Batman: The Animated Series featured a strong musical score written by several different composers throughout the course of the series. The main theme of the show, which was heard during the opening and ending credits of each episode, was composed by Danny Elfman. At first, Elfman turned down Bruce Timm's offer to compose the theme for the show and so Timm hired Shirley Walker to do so. However, Elfman later changed his mind and composed a variation of his 1989 Batman film theme for the series. Walker's unused theme went on to become the main theme for the second season of the show, when the name was changed to The Adventures of Batman & Robin.[29]

Soundtracks

[edit]

On December 16, 2008, La La Land Records announced the release of a soundtrack companion to Batman: The Animated Series on a two-disc CD set, which featured 11 episode scores (including those of "On Leather Wings", the "Two-Face" two-parter, "Joker's Favor" and "Perchance to Dream"). The release was limited to a pressing of 3,000 copies, which sold quickly.[30] About one month after its release, the soundtrack set had sold over 2,500 copies. According to a spokesperson of La La Land Records, the sold out status of the soundtrack "can only help as the label hopes to convince Warner Bros. to release more Batman: The Animated Series soundtracks."[31] The soundtrack received largely positive reviews.[32]

On March 24, 2009, La La Land Records released the complete score for the animated film Batman: Mask of the Phantasm. It was a limited edition of 3,000 units and has since sold out.[33]

The 2008 soundtrack was re-released in July 2012, minus "Gotham City Overture" (a suite featuring Walker's themes from the series, some of which do not appear elsewhere on the album) and "Music of the Bat 101" (a bonus track with Walker herself demonstrating the show's main music).[34] The re-release is a limited edition of 5,000 units by La La Land Records.[35]

On July 19, 2012, La La Land Records also released a four-disc CD set with a further 21 episode scores (including those of "Heart of Ice", the "Feat of Clay" two-parter, "Almost Got 'Im" and "The Laughing Fish"), titled Batman: The Animated Series – Original Soundtrack from the Warner Bros. Television Series, Volume Two.[36] Volume 2 is a limited-edition release of 3,500 units by La La Land Records.[37]

On October 7, 2014, La La Land Records released a four-disc set with another 24 episode scores (including those of the "Robin's Reckoning" two-parter, "Mudslide", "I Am the Night" and "The Man Who Killed Batman"), titled Batman: The Animated Series – Original Soundtrack from the Warner Bros. Television Series, Volume Three.[38] Volume 3 is a limited-edition release of 3,000 units by La La Land Records.[39] On July 26, 2016, La La Land Records released Batman: The Animated Series – Original Soundtrack from the Warner Bros. Television Series, Volume Four, which contains the remaining material from the first 65 episodes. The final nine episode scores from the first season are featured (including those of "Fear of Victory", "His Silicon Soul" and "Joker's Wild"), as well as never-before-released cues from scores featured on earlier volumes. Volume 4 is a limited-edition release of 3,000 units by La La Land Records.[40]

La La Land Records is also planning to cover the later incarnations of the series (The Adventures of Batman & Robin and The New Batman Adventures) in the future, provided that sales of existing volumes are strong enough and that there is strong fan encouragement.[41][42]

On July 22, 2014, WaterTower Music released six digital albums on download and streaming platforms (covering La La Land's first and second volumes, including "Gotham City Overture" and "Music of the Bat 101") for the series in honor of the 75th anniversary of Batman.[43]

Home video

[edit]

VHS

[edit]

United Kingdom

[edit]
Title Episodes Release date Run time
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Batman "Dreams in Darkness" and "Beware the Gray Ghost" October 7, 1996[44] 40 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Fire & Ice "Fire from Olympus" and "Deep Freeze" October 13, 1997[45] 46 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Batman's Greatest Villains "Almost Got 'Im" and "The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne" October 13, 1997[46] 41 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin – Batman: The Dark Knight "I Am the Night" and "Perchance to Dream" October 13, 1997[47][48] 41 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: A Fight to the Finish "Bane" and "Mudslide" October 13, 1997[49] 40 minutes
Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Feature film June 23, 1997[50] 73 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – Bumper Collection "Feat of Clay: Part I", "Feat of Clay: Part II", "It's Never Too Late", "Joker's Favour", "Nothing to Fear", "Pretty Poison", "Be a Clown", "Appointment in Crime Alley" October 20, 1997[51] 169 minutes
Batman & Robin Bumper Collection "Harley and Ivy", "Harley's Holiday", "Catwalk", "Batgirl Returns", "The Demon Quest: Part I", "The Demon Quest: Part II" October 20, 1997[52] 117 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 1 "The Cat and the Claw: Part I" and "The Cat and the Claw: Part II" November 24, 1997[53] 43 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 2 "On Leather Wings" and "Heart of Ice" November 24, 1997[54] 43 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Robin "Robin's Reckoning: Part I" and "Robin's Reckoning: Part II" November 24, 1997[55] 40 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Joker "Christmas with the Joker" and "The Laughing Fish" November 24, 1997[56] 42 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Riddler "If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich?" and "Riddler's Reform" November 24, 1997[57] 41 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Two-Face "Shadow of the Bat: Part I" and "Shadow of the Bat: Part II" November 24, 1997[58] 41 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Penguin "Birds of a Feather" and "The Mechanic" November 24, 1997[59] 41 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Joker's Return "Make 'Em Laugh" and "Harlequinade" November 24, 1997[60] 40 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Poison Ivy "Eternal Youth" and "House & Garden" November 24, 1997[61] 40 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Legend Begins "On Leather Wings", "Christmas with the Joker", "Nothing to Fear", "The Last Laugh", "Pretty Poison" July 26, 2004[62] 110 minutes

United States

[edit]
Title Episodes Release date Run time Notes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: International Menace "Off Balance", "Avatar", "Night of the Ninja", "Day of the Samurai"[63] Unknown[64] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Friends and Foes "Beware the Gray Ghost", "The Mechanic", "The Man Who Killed Batman", "Sideshow"[65] Unknown[66] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: The Joker "Be a Clown", "The Last Laugh", "Almost Got 'Im", "The Laughing Fish"[67] Unknown[68] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: The Trials of Harvey Dent "Pretty Poison", "Two-Face: Part I", "Two-Face: Part II", "Trial"[69][70][71] Unknown[72] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Partners "Robin's Reckoning: Part I", "Robin's Reckoning: Part II", "Shadow of the Bat: Part I", "Shadow of the Bat: Part II"[73] Unknown[74] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Kings and Prawns[75] "The Clock King", "Time Out of Joint", "The Underdwellers", "Prophecy of Doom" Unknown[76] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Super Friends "Knight Time", "World's Finest: Part 1" "World's Finest: Part 2", "Girl's Night Out"[77] Unknown[78] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Cold Fear "Deep Freeze", "Cold Comfort", "Nothing to Fear", "Never Fear"[79] Unknown[80] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Mean Streets "Appointment in Crime Alley", "Sins of the Father", "Legends of the Dark Knight", "Torch Song"[81] Unknown[82] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Monsters "On Leather Wings", "Feat of Clay: Part I", "Feat of Clay: Part II", "Moon of the Wolf"[83] Unknown[84] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Monsters and Mayhem "Tyger Tyger", "Mudslide", "Growing Pains", "The Demon Within"[85] Unknown[86] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Villains Without Costumes "The Forgotten", "The Cape and Cowl Conspiracy", "I Am the Night", "Paging the Crime Doctor"[87] Unknown[88] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Scratches and Other Wounds "Cult of the Cat", "You Scratch My Back", "Animal Act", "Old Wounds"[89] Unknown[90] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Fear and Madness "Fear of Victory", "Dreams in Darkness", "Mad as a Hatter", "The Worry Men"[91] Unknown[92] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Cops and Robbers "P.O.V.", "Vendetta", "Riddler's Reform", "A Bullet for Bullock"[93] Unknown[94] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: The Cat and the Claw "The Cat and the Claw: Part I", "The Cat and the Claw: Part II", "The Lion and the Unicorn", "Cat Scratch Fever"[95] Unknown[96] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Perceptions and Reality "House & Garden", "Chemistry", "What is Reality?", "Blind as a Bat"[97] Unknown[98] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Matters of the Heart "Heart of Ice", "It's Never Too Late", "Zatanna", "Showdown"[99] Unknown[100] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Scared Straight "Judgment Day", "Second Chance, "Love is a Croc", "Double Talk"[101] Unknown[102] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Harley "Joker's Favor", "Harley and Ivy", "Harley's Holiday", "Harlequinade"[103] Unknown[104] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Villains "Read My Lips", "Fire from Olympus", "Bane", "Catwalk"[105] Unknown[106] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Stir Crazy "The Ultimate Thrill", "Lock-Up", "Beware the Creeper", "Baby-Doll"[107] Unknown[108] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: A Million Laughs "Joker's Wild", "Christmas with the Joker", "Mad Love", "Joker's Millions"[109] Unknown[110] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Animal Acts "Critters", "Love is a Croc", "Terror in the Sky", "Birds of a Feather"[111] Unknown[112] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Body and No Soul "See No Evil", "Heart of Steel: Part I", "Heart of Steel: Part II", "His Silicon Soul"[113] Unknown[114] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Dreams and Nightmares "Perchance to Dream", "The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne", "The Demon's Quest: Part I", "The Demon's Quest: Part II"[115] Unknown[116] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Trio "Make 'Em Laugh", "Eternal Youth", "I've Got Batman in My Basement", "The Terrible Trio"[117] Unknown[118] 100 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – The Collector's Edition: Batgirl "Batgirl Returns", "Over the Edge", "Holiday Knights", "Mean Seasons"[119] Unknown[118] 100 minutes
Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Feature film May 11, 1994[120] 76 minutes Released as part of the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment lineup.
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Robin "Robin's Reckoning: Part I" and "Robin's Reckoning: Part II"[121] June 6, 1995[122] 46 minutes Released as part of the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment lineup.
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Riddler "If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich?" and "Riddler's Reform" June 6, 1995[123] 45 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Two-Face "Shadow of the Bat: Part I" and "Shadow of the Bat: Part II"[124] June 6, 1995[125] 45 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Joker "Christmas with the Joker" and "The Laughing Fish"[126] June 6, 1995[127][128] 45 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Robin/The Joker

2 VHS Gift Set (with stickers)

"Robin's Reckoning: Part I" and "Robin's Reckoning: Part II" / "Christmas with the Joker" and "The Laughing Fish" March 25, 1997[129][130] 91 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Two-Face/The Riddler

2 VHS Gift Set (with stickers and book)

"Shadow of the Bat: Part I" and "Shadow of the Bat: Part II" / "If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich?" and "Riddler's Reform" March 25, 1997[131] 90 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Batman "Dreams in Darkness" and "Beware the Gray Ghost" May 20, 1997[132] 46 minutes Released as part of the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment lineup.
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Fire & Ice "Fire from Olympus" and "Deep Freeze"[133] May 20, 1997[134] 46 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Penguin "Birds of a Feather" and "The Mechanic"[135] May 20, 1997[136] 46 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Poison Ivy "Eternal Youth" and "House & Garden"[137] May 20, 1997[138] 46 minutes
The Batman/Superman Movie Feature film August 18, 1998[139][140] 64 minutes Released as part of the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment lineup.
Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero Feature film March 17, 1998 (original)[141]

December 21, 1999 (VHS release)[142]

70 minutes Released as part of the Warner Bros. Family Entertainment lineup.
Batman: The Animated Series – The Legend Begins "On Leather Wings", "Christmas with the Joker", "Nothing to Fear", "The Last Laugh", "Pretty Poison"[143] April 23, 2002[144][145] 110 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – Tales of the Dark Knight "The Underdwellers", "P.O.V.", "The Forgotten", "Be a Clown"[146] April 23, 2002[147][148] 89 minutes
Batman Video Collection – Batman: The Movie (1966)/Batman: Mask of the Phantasm/Justice League: Secret Origins (3 VHS) 3 feature films April 23, 2002[149] 243 minutes
The Animated Series – The Legend Begins/Justice League 2 feature films April 22, 2003[150] 140 minutes
Batman Animated Collection (SubZero/Batman Beyond – The Movie/Mask of the Phantasm) 3 feature films April 22, 2003[151] 185 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – Out of the Shadows "Two-Face: Part I", "Two-Face: Part II", "It's Never Too Late", "I've Got Batman in My Basement"[152] July 22, 2003[153][154] 88 minutes
Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman Feature film October 21, 2003[155][156] 75 minutes
Batman: The Animated Series – Secrets of the Caped Crusader "The Cat and the Claw: Part I", "The Cat and the Claw: Part II", "Heart of Ice", "See No Evil"[157] October 19, 2004[158] 89 minutes

Chinese-dubbed

[edit]
Title Episodes Release date Run time
Batman Animated – On Leather Wings and Heart of Ice! "On Leather Wings" and "Heart of Ice" Unknown[159] Unknown
Batman Animated – Feat of Clay – Part 1 and 2 "Feat of Clay: Part I" and "Feat of Clay: Part II" Unknown[160] Unknown
Batman Animated – It's Never Too Late and Joker's Favor "It's Never Too Late" and "Joker's Favor" Unknown[161] Unknown
Batman Animated – The Cat and the Claw – Part 1 and 2 "The Cat and the Claw: Part I" and "The Cat and the Claw: Part II" Unknown[162] Unknown

Spanish-dubbed

[edit]
Title Episodes Release date Run time
Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Feature film April 26, 1994[163] 77 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Robin "Robin's Reckoning: Part I" and "Robin's Reckoning: Part II" October 7, 1997[164] 40 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Riddler "If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich?" and "Riddler's Reform" October 7, 1997[165] 40 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Two-Face "Shadow of the Bat: Part I" and "Shadow of the Bat: Part II" October 7, 1997)[166] 45 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Joker "Christmas with the Joker" and "The Laughing Fish" October 7, 1997[167] 42 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Batman "Dreams in Darkness" and "Beware the Gray Ghost" October 7, 1997[168] 40 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: Fire & Ice "Fire from Olympus" and "Deep Freeze" October 7, 1997[169] 46 minutes
The Adventures of Batman & Robin: The Penguin "Birds of a Feather" and "The Mechanic" October 7, 1997[170] 46 minutes

DVD

[edit]

Region 1

Warner Home Video (via DC Comics Entertainment and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment) has released Batman: The Animated Series on DVD in Region 1 in three volume box sets. A fourth volume containing all 24 episodes of The New Batman Adventures was also released and these episodes now also begin with the original Season 1 opening sequence, and also end with the standard final credits. Warner Home Video later released Batman: The Complete Animated Series, which features all episodes from both the original series and The New Batman Adventures, on DVD in Region 1. The set includes all features from the four individual volumes, plus a bonus 17th disc with a new special feature and a 40-page collector's book containing artwork.[171] The DVD was originally on sale for a limited time only and went out of print in January 2009. Warner Home Video released a second printing of the DVD in May 2009, but then withdrew it three months later.

DVD name # of episodes Release date Additional information
Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 1 28 July 6, 2004, June 5, 2018 (re-release)
  • Episodes 1–28
  • Commentary on "On Leather Wings" and "Heart of Ice"
  • "The Dark Knight's First Night" Featurette
  • "Batman: The Legacy Continues" Featurette
  • Tour of the Batcave
  • Other Super Hero Favorites
Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 2 28 January 25, 2005, June 5, 2018 (re-release)
  • Episodes 29–56
  • Commentary Tracks
  • Robin Rising Featurette
  • Gotham's Guardians Featurette
  • Voices of the Knight Featurette
  • Trailers
Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 3 29 May 24, 2005, June 5, 2018 (re-release)
  • Episodes 57–85
  • Episodes 1–20 (The Adventures of Batman & Robin)
  • Audio and Video Commentaries
  • Extra Animated Cell 4"×6" In Some Sets
  • Gotham's New Knight — Featurette on Batgirl as Batman's Newest Ally
Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 4 from The New Batman Adventures 24 December 6, 2005, June 5, 2018 (re-release)
  • All 24 episodes of The New Batman Adventures
  • Audio and Video Commentaries
Batman: The Complete Animated Series 109 November 4, 2008
  • All 85 episodes of Batman: The Animated Series
  • All 24 episodes of The New Batman Adventures
  • 40-page collector book

Region 2

Volumes 1 and 2 were released on DVD in the UK on October 10, 2005 (Volume 1), and August 21, 2006 (Volume 2). These DVD volumes were exclusive to the retail chain HMV in the United Kingdom, a complete series 25th-anniversary collection was released in the UK on October 30, 2017, containing all four volumes. Volumes 3 and 4 were previously unreleased in the UK before the 25th-anniversary box set release.

On June 14, 2008, Volume 1 was re-released in the UK as a non-HMV exclusive, though both the artwork and the extras remain the same as the original HMV exclusive release.[172] Volume 2 was released in the same way on March 3, 2009.[173]

DVD name # of episodes Release date Additional information
Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 2 4 2004
  • " Episode Introductions by Producer/Director Bruce Timm"
  • " Voices of Gotham City"
  • 4 Episodes Include:
  • " The Underwellers"
  • " P.O.V."
  • " The Forgotten"
  • " Be a Clown"
Batman: Secrets of the Caped Crusader 4 April 4, 2005
  • Trailer
  • Voice of the Night
  • Episodes Include
  • "The Cat and The Claw Parts I and II"
  • "Heart of Ice"
  • " See No Evil"

Region 3

In Hong Kong, the show was packaged into four different DVD volume sets just as it was done in Region 1. Volumes 1 and 2 were both released on February 28, 2005, while Volume 3 was released July 7, 2005, and Volume 4 was released February 17, 2006.[174]

Region 4

In Australia, Volume 1 was released on October 19, 2005.[175] Volumes and the box set are available at websites like eBay.com, Amazon.com and Quicksales.com. All four volumes are available on the Australian iTunes Store, and were released individually on DVD on November 9, 2016, by Village Roadshow.

Blu-ray

[edit]

During the series's 25th anniversary panel at the New York Comic Con on October 8, 2017, it was announced that the complete series and all 24 episodes of The New Batman Adventures would be released on Blu-ray later in 2018 (due to the financial success of the Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Blu-ray release in 2017).[176][177] The Blu-ray release came out in fall 2018.[178] The numbered, limited-edition box sets also included a code for a free digital SD and HD copy of the complete series, three collectible Funko Pocket Pops of Batman, the Joker, and Harley Quinn, seven exclusive lenticular cards of original animation artwork, as well as Blu-ray copies of both spin-off animated films Mask of the Phantasm and SubZero.[179][180]

Streaming

[edit]

The series debuted on DC Universe in September 2018 in high definition.[181] It moved to HBO Max on January 1, 2021.[182][1]

Reception

[edit]

Critical reception

[edit]

Batman: The Animated Series holds a perfect score on Rotten Tomatoes, with all 21 critics giving it a positive review. The Animated Series is hailed as a landmark in animated television, particularly in the superhero genre, reimagining Gotham City through a film noir lens, and modernizing Batman into a contemporary animated format. The decision to paint animation cels on black boards to enhance its dark and nocturnal atmosphere was lauded as groundbreaking visual choice that distinguished it from conventional animated shows.[183] Critics unanimously praised the series for its mature tone, storyline, voice acting, visual aesthetic, and fidelity to the source material; Kevin Conroy's performance as Batman was singled out for acclaim.[183][6][184] Scott Mendelson's Forbes article celebrates the series as the best superhero TV show, highlighting its grounded, life-sized drama and realistic portrayal of villains with relatable motivations. Mendelson also discusses how the series addresses real-life issues such as divorce and homelessness, showcasing its maturity and intelligence. Its emphasis on character-driven stories and adult themes has solidified its enduring appeal and established it as the quintessential Batman portrayal.[185] Maya Phillips' review for New York Times highlights the series' impact on how Batman was portrayed in media; much like the 1989 film Batman, the series departed from previous campy versions, embracing a darker, more mature narrative influenced by Frank Miller's comics while balancing serious themes with humor. The review applauds the series for revitalizing classic villains and introducing memorable characters like Harley Quinn, cementing its influence on subsequent Batman adaptations and foreseeing the franchise's enduring popularity across different media platforms.[186]

Accolades

[edit]
Year Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
1992 Annie Awards Best Animated Television Program Nominated
[187]
1993 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Animated Program Jean MacCurdy, Tom Ruegger, Alan Burnett,
Eric Radomski, Bruce W. Timm, Boyd Kirkland,
Kevin Altieri, and Frank Paur 		Nominated
[188]
[7]
Outstanding Writing in an Animated Program Paul Dini, Martin Pasko, Michael Reaves,
and Sean Catherine Derek 		Won
Outstanding Film Sound Editing Thomas Milano, Bob Lacivita, Mark Keatts,
Matthew A. Thorne, Aaron L. King, Robert Hargreaves,
Jeff M. Sliney, Mike Dickeson, and Russell Brower 		Nominated
Outstanding Music Direction and Composition Harvey Cohen (for "Cat Scratch Fever") Nominated
Shirley Walker (for "Feat of Clay: Part 2") Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming One Hour or Less) Jean MacCurdy, Tom Ruegger, Alan Burnett,
Eric Radomski, Bruce Timm, Randy Rogel,
and Dick Sebast (for "Robin's Reckoning: Part 1") 		Won
[8]
Saturn Awards Best Genre Television Series Nominated
[189]
1994 Annie Awards Best Animated Television Program Nominated
[190]
Best Individual Achievement for Creative Supervision in the Field of Animation Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski Nominated
Best Individual Achievement for Story Contribution in the Field of Animation Paul Dini Nominated
Best Achievement for Voice Acting Mark Hamill Nominated
Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Animated Program Jean MacCurdy, Tom Ruegger, Alan Burnett,
Eric Radomski, Bruce W. Timm, Frank Paur,
and Dan Riba 		Nominated
[7]
Outstanding Writing in an Animated Program Alan Burnett, Laren Bright, Michael Reaves, Paul Dini,
Brynne Stephens, Randy Rogel, and Martin Pasko 		Nominated
Young Artist Awards Best Youth Actor in a Voice-Over Role: TV or Movie Scott McAfee Nominated
[191]
1995 Annie Awards Best Animated Television Program Nominated
[192]
Best Individual Achievement for Music in the Field of Animation Shirley Walker Nominated
Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Film Sound Editing Mark Keatts, Tom Maydeck, Russell Brower,
Robert Hargreaves, Matthew A. Thorne, John Hegedes,
Daryl B. Kell, J.J. George, and Mike Dickeson 		Nominated
[7]
Outstanding Music Direction and Composition Shirley Walker Nominated
1996 Daytime Emmy Awards Harvey Cohen and Shirley Walker (for "A Bullet for Bullock") Won
[7]
Outstanding Sound Editing – Special Class Robert Hargreaves, Matthew A. Thorne, Russell Brower,
Mike Dickeson, Bob Lacivita, Tom Maydeck, Mark Keatts,
John Hegedes, Patrick Rodman, and Kelly Ann Foley 		Won
Outstanding Sound Mixing – Special Class Harry Andronis, Matthew A. Thorne, and Tom Maydeck Nominated
2019 Online Film & Television Association Awards Television Hall of Fame: Productions Inducted
[193]

Legacy and influence

[edit]

Batman: The Animated Series has often been ranked as one of the greatest animated television shows ever made.[194][195][196] In 1992, Entertainment Weekly ranked the series as one of the top television series of the year.[197] IGN.com listed the series as the best adaptation of Batman anywhere outside of comics, the best comic book television show of all time[198] and the second-best animated series of all time (after The Simpsons).[199][200] Wizard magazine also ranked it No. 2 of the greatest animated television shows of all time (again after The Simpsons). TV Guide ranked it the seventh-greatest cartoon of all time.[201]

In his reference book, Batman: The Complete History, Les Daniels described The Animated Series as coming "as close as any artistic statement has to defining the look of Batman for the 1990s."[202] Animation historian Charles Solomon gave the series a somewhat mixed assessment, commenting that "the dark, Art Deco-influenced backgrounds tended to eclipse the stiff animation and pedestrian storytelling" and concluding that the series "looked better in stills than it did on the screen."[203]

Several new characters, and other revamped backstories introduced in the series later made their way into comics and other media. Most notable was Harley Quinn, who was initially introduced in the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Joker's Favor", with the character being inspired and voiced by Arleen Sorkin. The character made her comics canon appearance in 1999 and is now one of the most popular characters in DC.[204] The show is all so known the reinvention of Mr. Freeze in the episode Heart of Ice where they changed him from a laughing stock and forgotten character to a tragic and popular villain of all time.

The dark atmosphere, mature themes, and even some of the voice cast from the series are employed in the Batman: Arkham video game series.[205] Kevin Conroy, Mark Hamill, Arleen Sorkin, and Robert Costanzo reprise their roles. Furthermore, the first two games are co-written by series veteran Paul Dini. Also, Batman's design and costume in The Animated Series are featured as an alternate skin in Batman: Arkham City. These skins are available as downloadable content; they were also available in pre-orders at GameStop and a valid membership to Power-Up Rewards.[206] There are also Animated-inspired alternate skins for Catwoman, Nightwing, and Robin.

Actor Robert Pattinson, who portrays Batman in The Batman (2022), has cited Batman: Mask of the Phantasm as an example of Batman media that effectively captured the character's psyche in a fashion he hoped his interpretation would emulate.[207] The series is a key inspiration for the 2024 animated series Batman: Caped Crusader, again developed by Bruce Timm.

[edit]

Feature films

[edit]
  • Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993) – based on The Animated Series; the film started production as a direct-to-video release, but was ultimately changed into a theatrical release.[208] Although the film was not a financial success upon its initial release, it earned widespread acclaim and has since become a commercial success through its various home media releases.[209]
  • Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero (1998) – a direct-to-video release, which was produced as a tie-in to the 1997 film Batman & Robin. SubZero's release was delayed until the following year due to Batman & Robin failing to meet commercial and critical expectations.[210]

Comic adaptations

[edit]
Main articles: The Batman Adventures and Batman: The Adventures Continue

Batman: The Animated Series was accompanied by a tie-in comic book, The Batman Adventures, which followed the art style and continuity of the show rather than other Batman comic books. This comic series, through various format changes reflecting the evolving world of the show and its spin-offs, outlasted the series itself by nearly a decade. It was ultimately canceled in 2004 as part of a broader effort to conclude the DC Animated Universe.[211] One notable milestone of The Batman Adventures was the first official comic appearance of the character Harley Quinn in issue No. 12, which has since become highly sought after by collectors and fans.[212] DC announced in February 2020 that Paul Dini, Alan Burnett and artist Ty Templeton would be leading a new miniseries titled Batman: The Adventures Continue, set to be published in April 2020. This new series is based on the animated series and follows shortly after its conclusion, featuring Tim Drake as he adjusts to his role as the new Robin alongside Batman.[213]

Superman & Batman Magazine

[edit]

It is a tie-in for Batman: The Animated Series and The Batman Adventures, with 8 issues published between 1993 and 1995. The stories feature the appearances of Superman and other DC characters before their appearances in the base series and spinoff television series, but otherwise unrelated to the stories in the subsequent television series.[214]

Novels

[edit]

There was also a short-lived series of tie-in novels, adapted from episodes of the series by science fiction author Geary Gravel. To achieve novel-length, Gravel combined several related episodes into a single storyline in each novel. The novels included:

  • Shadows of the Past ("Appointment in Crime Alley", "Robin's Reckoning" two-parter) (1993)
  • Mask of the Phantasm (Batman: Mask of the Phantasm) (1993)
  • Dual to the Death ("Two-Face" two-parter, "Shadow of the Bat" two-parter) (1994)
  • The Dragon and the Bat ("Night of the Ninja", "Day of the Samurai") (1994)[215]

Video games

[edit]

Several video games based on the animated continuity were released during the 16-bit game-machine era, using The Adventures of Batman & Robin second season branding. Konami developed a game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), while Sega released versions of the game for the Genesis/Mega Drive, Mega-CD, and Game Gear. The SNES, Genesis/Mega Drive and Game Gear versions were side-scrolling action games, while the Mega-CD version featured a 3-D driving adventure. All of the games had art true to the series, while Sega's versions featured art elements directly from the show's creators.[216] The CD version has over 20 minutes of original animated footage comparable to the most well-crafted episodes,[217] with the principal voice actors reprising their roles.

There was also a game made for the Game Boy based on the series and created around the same time. Developed and published by Konami, this game was distinctive upon the fact that it still used the earlier Batman: The Animated Series moniker instead of The Adventures of Batman & Robin second season title given to the other games.[218]

In Lego DC Super-Villains, a downloadable content level was released, based on the Batman: Mask of the Phantasm film, and contained some characters from the show, including the Batman: The Animated Series version of Batman, The Joker, Harley Quinn, Two-Face, Andrea Beaumont as The Phantasm, The Mad Hatter, Man-Bat, and Captain Clown.[219]

Follow-ups

[edit]

Due to the success of Batman: The Animated Series, many crew members went on to design and produce Superman: The Animated Series for The WB. During this time they created The New Batman Adventures, a direct sequel to the original series, featuring a revamped animation style that matched with Superman: The Animated Series.[220] In 1999, a futuristic spin-off series titled Batman Beyond premiered on The WB, featuring a teenager named Terry McGinnis taking on the duties of Batman under the guidance of an elderly Bruce Wayne.[221]

Canceled projects

[edit]

Fox approached Bruce Timm to make a spin-off centered on Catwoman, but the project was abandoned shortly thereafter.[222] Another continuation of the series was in development in the form of an audio podcast drama, with most of the cast returning along with writer Alan Burnett, before Conroy's passing.[223]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Iacobucci, Jordan; Garcia, Mayra (January 5, 2023). "Best Superhero Shows To Watch On Max". CBR. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
  2. ^ Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 114–122. ISBN 978-1476665993.
  3. ^ Collura, Scott; Fickett, Travis; Goldman, Eric; Zoromski, Brian (July 17, 2008). "A History of Batman on TV". IGN. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  4. ^ "Batman". rec.arts.animation. September 6, 1992 – via Google Groups.
  5. ^ Solomon, Brian (May 2023). Superheroes!: The History of a Pop-Culture Phenomenon from Ant-Man to Zorro. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781493064526.
  6. ^ a b George, Richard (January 26, 2007). "The Greatest Comic Book Cartoons Of All Time". IGN. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Batman: The Animated Series – Awards". IMDb. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Batman: The Animated Series". Emmys.com. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  9. ^ "The World's Finest – Batman: The Animated Series". www.worldsfinestonline.com.
  10. ^ Kubin, Jacquie (April 1997). "An Interview With Mark Hamill". Animation World Magazine. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
  11. ^ Lis, Martin (September 2, 2017). "Exclusive: Tim Curry Reveals Why Mark Hamill Replaced Him as JOKER". ScreenGeek. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  12. ^ About_faces (January 24, 2012). "The Origins of (the Origins of) Harvey Dent in "Batman: The Animated Series"". Archived from the original on January 8, 2015.
  13. ^ a b Batman: The Animated Series – Filmography Archived November 5, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Kindred, Christopher (June 1993). "Batman: The Animated Series – Cat Scratch Fever". Animato!. Ventrella. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  15. ^ Batman-On-Film Archived July 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Batman: The Animated Series.
  16. ^ a b c Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski, audio commentary for "On Leather Wings", Batman: The Animated Series, Warner Bros, Volume One box set DVD.
  17. ^ "Batman: The Animated Series – Volume 1". DVD Talk. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  18. ^ Batman: The Animated Series, an explanation of "Dark Deco".
  19. ^ Roberson, Chris Chan (September 25, 2017). "Batman The Animated Series: 15 Uncovered Pieces Of Early Artwork". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  20. ^ Rector, Seth (September 17, 2021). "Batman: The Animated Series — 10 Episodes Based On Comic Book Stories". ScreenRant. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  21. ^ "Batman: The Lost "Episode"". Toonamiarsenal.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  22. ^ Batman: The Animated Series. Retrieved July 18, 2024 – via Yidio.
  23. ^ a b Riesman, Abraham Josephine (November 11, 2022). "An Oral History of 'Batman: The Animated Series'". Vulture. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  24. ^ "The World's Finest - Batman: The Animated Series". Dcanimated. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
  25. ^ Snow, Sara (May 21, 2022). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Batman: The Animated Series". CBR. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  26. ^ "List of every TV series aired on Toon Disney and Jetix". Nickandmore!. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
  27. ^ Teletoon Retro Archived April 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, TV Index.
  28. ^ pbadmin (July 18, 2012). "The HUB Creates Dark Knight Rises Trailer for Batman: The Animated Series". ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
  29. ^ Batman Scores Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, history behind the music.
  30. ^ The World's Finest Online, soundtrack release.
  31. ^ "Batman: The Animated Series Soundtrack Release A Success, Sells Over 2500 Copies". Spill.com. January 20, 2009. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
  32. ^ "Batman: The Animated Series | Music On Film". November 28, 2010. Archived from the original on November 28, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
  33. ^ "film music – movie music- film score – Batman Mask Of The Phantasm – Shirley Walker – Limited Edition". Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  34. ^ La-La Records Archived July 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, soundtrack status.
  35. ^ "Batman The Animated Series Volume 1". La La Land Records. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  36. ^ "La-La Land Records Announce New "Batman: The Animated Series" Soundtrack, Re-Issue". Worldsfinestonline.com. June 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  37. ^ "Batman the Animated Series Volume 2". La La Land Records. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  38. ^ "New "Batman: The Animated Series – Volume Three" Soundtrack Available To Order". Worldsfinestonline.com. October 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  39. ^ "BATMAN THE ANIMATED SERIES VOL 3". La La Land Records. Archived from the original on May 17, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  40. ^ "film music – movie music- film score – A Certain Smile – Michael McCuistion – Lolita Ritmanis – Carlos Rodriguez – Limited Edition". lalalandrecords.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  41. ^ "La-La- Land Records Confirms Further "Batman: The Animated Series" Soundtracks Coming". Worldsfinestonline.com. July 19, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  42. ^ "FSM Board: PR: LA LA LAND TITLES DEBUTING AT COMIC CON 2012". Filmscoremonthly.com. July 1, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  43. ^ "Batman: The Animated Series – Original Soundtrack from the Warner Bros. Television Series – Volume 1". Watertower-music.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  44. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: Batman [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. October 7, 1996. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  45. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: Fire and Ice [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  46. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: Batman's Greatest Villains [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  47. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: the Dark Knight". Amazon.co.uk. October 13, 1997. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  48. ^ "Batman and Robin – Batman The Dark Knight". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  49. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: a Fight to the Finish [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. October 13, 1997. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  50. ^ "Batman – the Animated Series: Mask of the Phantasm [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  51. ^ "Batman – the Animated Series: Bumper Collection [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. October 20, 1997. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  52. ^ "Batman and Robin Bumper Collection [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. October 20, 1997. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  53. ^ "Batman – the Animated Series: Volume 1 [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. July 10, 1995. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  54. ^ "Batman – the Animated Series: Volume 2 [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  55. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: Robin [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. November 24, 1997. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  56. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: the Joker [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  57. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: the Riddler [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  58. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: Two-Face [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  59. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: the Penguin [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  60. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: Joker's Return [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  61. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin: Poison Ivy [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. April 22, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  62. ^ "'Batman the Animated Series – the Legend Begins [VHS]". Amazon.co.uk. July 26, 2004. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  63. ^ Batman, the animated series. International menace. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463988.
  64. ^ "Batman Animated Series Collector's Edition (International Menace)". Amazon. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  65. ^ Batman, the animated series. Friends and foes. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463970.
  66. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Friends and Foes". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  67. ^ Batman, the animated series. The joker. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463977.
  68. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: The Joker". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  69. ^ Batman, the animated series : the trials of Harvey Dent. worldcat.org. OCLC 657327327.
  70. ^ The trials of Harvey Dent. worldcat.org. OCLC 52611774.
  71. ^ The trials of Harvey Dent. worldcat.org. OCLC 558983282.
  72. ^ "Batman: The Animated Series-The Trials of Harvey Dent". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  73. ^ Partners. worldcat.org. OCLC 52611829.
  74. ^ "Batman The Animated Series Collector's Edition: Partners". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  75. ^ Batman, the animated series. King and pawns. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463963.
  76. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Kings and Prawns". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  77. ^ Batman, the animated series. Super friends. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463971.
  78. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Super Friends". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  79. ^ Batman, the animated series. Cold fear. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463976.
  80. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Cold Fear". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  81. ^ Batman, the animated series. Mean streets. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463942.
  82. ^ "Batman The Animated Series Collector's Edition: Mean Streets". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  83. ^ Batman, the animated series. Monsters. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463987.
  84. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Monsters". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  85. ^ Batman, the animated series. Monsters and mayhem. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463974.
  86. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Monsters and Mayhem". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  87. ^ Batman, the animated series. Villains without costumes. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463951.
  88. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Villains Without Costumes". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  89. ^ Batman, the animated series. Scratches and other wounds. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463946.
  90. ^ "Batman Animated Series Collector's Edition (Scratches and Other Wounds)". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  91. ^ Batman, the animated series. Fear and madness. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463959.
  92. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Fear and Madness". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  93. ^ Batman, the animated series. Cops and robbers. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463984.
  94. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Cops and Robbers". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  95. ^ Batman, the animated series. The cat and the claw. worldcat.org. OCLC 61119665.
  96. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: The Cat and The Claw". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  97. ^ Batman, the animated series. Perceptions and reality. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463954.
  98. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Perceptions and Reality". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  99. ^ Batman, the animated series. Matters of the heart. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463948.
  100. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Matters of the Heart". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  101. ^ Batman, the animated series. Scared straight. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463982.
  102. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Scared Straight". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  103. ^ Batman, the animated series. Harley. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463989.
  104. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Harley". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  105. ^ Batman, the animated series. Villains. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463980.
  106. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Villains". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  107. ^ Batman, the animated series. Stir crazy. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463949.
  108. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: Stir Crazy". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  109. ^ Batman, the animated series. A million laughs. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463990.
  110. ^ "Batman The Animated Series: A Million Laughs". Amazon. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  111. ^ Batman, the animated series. Animal acts. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463966.
  112. ^ "Batman Animated Series Collector's Edition (Animal Acts)". Amazon. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  113. ^ Batman, the animated series. Body and soul. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463956.
  114. ^ "Batman Animated Series Collector's Edition (Body and No Soul)". Amazon. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  115. ^ Batman, the animated series. Dreams and nightmares. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463944.
  116. ^ "Batman Animated Series Collector's Edition (Dreams and Nightmares)". Amazon. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  117. ^ Batman, the animated series. Trio. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463952.
  118. ^ a b "Batman Animated Series Collector's Edition (Trio)". Amazon. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  119. ^ Batman, the animated series. Batgirl. worldcat.org. OCLC 58463969.
  120. ^ Batman – Mask of the Phantasm [VHS] (1993). ASIN 630305899X.
  121. ^ The Adventures of Batman & Robin : Robin. worldcat.org. OCLC 32772595.
  122. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Robin [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6303431011.
  123. ^ Adventure of Batman & Robin: The Riddler [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6303430988.
  124. ^ The Adventures of Batman & Robin : Two-face. worldcat.org. OCLC 32684872.
  125. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Two-Face [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6303430996.
  126. ^ The Adventures of Batman & Robin : the Joker. worldcat.org. OCLC 32772514.
  127. ^ "The Adventures of Batman and Robin – The Joker (Animated) [VHS]". Amazon. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  128. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Joker [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6303431003.
  129. ^ The Adventures of Batman and Robin – Giftset 2 [VHS]. ASIN 6304897871.
  130. ^ Batman & robin. Joker & robin. worldcat.org. OCLC 52219330.
  131. ^ Riddler Twoface 2pk W/Cards & Book [VHS]. ASIN 6304453493.
  132. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Batman [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6304442947.
  133. ^ Batman : fire and ice. worldcat.org. OCLC 37028401.
  134. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Fire & Ice [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6304443005.
  135. ^ The Penguin. worldcat.org. OCLC 37028563.
  136. ^ The Penguin (The Adventures of Batman & Robin) [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6304443021.
  137. ^ Poison Ivy. worldcat.org. OCLC 37028484.
  138. ^ Adventures of Batman & Robin: Poison Ivy [VHS] (1992). ASIN 630444303X.
  139. ^ The Batman Superman Movie [VHS] (1998). ISBN 0790736896.
  140. ^ The Batman Superman Movie [VHS] (1998). ISBN 079073690X.
  141. ^ Bctman & Mr, Freeze - Subzero [VHS] (1998). ASIN 630448402X.
  142. ^ "Batman & Mr. Freeze – Subzero [VHS] (1998)". Amazon. December 21, 1999. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  143. ^ The legend begins. worldcat.org. OCLC 49714840.
  144. ^ "Batman – The Animated Series – The Legend Begins [VHS] (1992)". Amazon. April 23, 2002. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  145. ^ "Batman – The Animated Series – The Legend Begins [VHS] (1992)". Amazon. April 23, 2002. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  146. ^ Tales of the dark knight. worldcat.org. OCLC 53864790.
  147. ^ "Batman – The Animated Series – Tales of the Dark Knight [VHS] (1992)". Amazon. April 22, 2003. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  148. ^ "Batman, The Animated Series: Tales of the Dark Knight (1992)". Amazon. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  149. ^ "Batman Video Collection (3pk)". Amazon. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  150. ^ "Batman – The Animated Series – The Legend Begins/Justice League [VHS] (1992)". Amazon. April 22, 2003. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  151. ^ "Batman Animated Collection (Sub Zero/Batman Beyond – The Movie/Mask of the Phantasm) [VHS] (1998)". Amazon. April 22, 2003. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  152. ^ Batman the animated series. Out of the shadows. worldcat.org. OCLC 52624644.
  153. ^ "Batman – The Animated Series – Out of the Shadows [VHS] (1992)". Amazon. July 22, 2003. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  154. ^ "Batman: The animated Series Out Of The Shadows (1992)". Amazon. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  155. ^ "Batman – Mystery of the Batwoman [VHS] (2003)". Amazon. October 21, 2003. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  156. ^ "Batman – Mystery of the Batwoman [VHS] (2003)". Amazon. October 21, 2003. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  157. ^ Batman, the animated series. Secrets of the caped crusader. worldcat.org. OCLC 56729044.
  158. ^ "Batman Animated Series: Secrets of Caped Crusader [VHS]". Amazon. October 19, 2004. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  159. ^ "Batman Animated – On Leather Wings and Heart Of Ice! – Chinese Sub-Titles!". Amazon. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  160. ^ "Batman Animated – Feat Of Clay Part 1 and 2 – Chinese Sub-Titles". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  161. ^ "Batman – It's Never Too Late and Joker's Favor – Chinese Sub-Titles". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  162. ^ "Batman – The Cat And The Claw – Part 1 and 2 – Chinese Sub-Titles". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  163. ^ Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (Spanish Edition) [VHS] (1993). ASIN 6303058957.
  164. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Robin [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6303473164.
  165. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Riddler [VHS] (1992). ASIN 630347313X.
  166. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Two-Face [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6303473148.
  167. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Joker [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6303473156.
  168. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Batman [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6304442955.
  169. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Fire & Ice [VHS] (1992). ASIN 6304442963.
  170. ^ Adv of Batman & Robin: Penguin [VHS] (1992). ASIN 630444298X.
  171. ^ "Early Details On "Batman: The Complete Animated Series" DVD Collection". Worldsfinestonline.com. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  172. ^ Amazon UK, Batman Animated Season 1.
  173. ^ Amazon UK, Batman Animated Season 2.
  174. ^ YESASIA, Region 3 DVD releases.
  175. ^ ABC Shop Archived August 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Region 4 DVD releases.
  176. ^ Ching, Albert (October 8, 2017). "NYCC: Batman: The Animated Series Blu-ray Collection Coming in 2018". cbr.com. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
  177. ^ "#NYCC News: Batman: The Animated Series coming to Blu-ray via WB Home Entertainment next year thanks to our Batman:Mask of the Phantasm Blu!". twitter.com. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  178. ^ David Betancourt (November 1, 2018). "'Batman: The Animated Series' is finally in high definition, and there's only one flaw". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  179. ^ Fallon, Sean (August 28, 2018). "'Batman: The Complete Animated Series' Blu-ray Box Set Upgraded With Digital Copy". ComicBook.com. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  180. ^ Chris E. Hayner (November 14, 2018). "Batman: The Animated Series Blu-Ray Review: The Box Set We Deserve". GameSpot. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  181. ^ Fuller, Devin (September 21, 2018). "DC Superheroes Have Their Own Streaming Service Now (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  182. ^ Alexander, Julia (December 23, 2020). "Batman: The Animated Series and Batman Beyond are finally coming to HBO Max in January". The Verge. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  183. ^ a b "Batman: The Animated Series: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  184. ^ "Batman: The Animated Series: "Two-Face, Parts 1 And 2"". The A.V. Club. February 7, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  185. ^ Mendelson, Scott. "Why 'Batman: The Animated Series' Remains The Best Superhero TV Show Ever". Forbes. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  186. ^ Phillips, Maya (February 21, 2021). "'Batman: The Animated Series' Predicted the Bat-Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
  187. ^ "21st Annual Annie Awards". Annie Awards. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  188. ^ "Awards – 1993". Toon Zone. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  189. ^ 19th Saturn Awards at IMDb.
  190. ^ "22nd Annual Annie Awards". Annie Awards. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  191. ^ "15th Annual Youth In Film Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  192. ^ "23rd Annual Annie Awards". Annie Awards. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  193. ^ "Television Hall of Fame: Productions". Online Film & Television Association. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  194. ^ "2. Batman: The Animated Series". IGN. Archived from the original on December 23, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  195. ^ Serafino, Jason (January 13, 2012). "The 25 Best Animated Comic Book TV Shows Of All Time". Complex. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  196. ^ "Wizard Magazine's Top 100 cartoons list". Listal.com. May 24, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  197. ^ Tucker, Ken (September 4, 1992). "Batman". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  198. ^ "Top 10 Comic to TV Adaptations". IGN. June 21, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  199. ^ "2. Batman: The Animated Series". IGN. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  200. ^ "IGN's "100 Greatest Animated Series of All Time"". IMDB. March 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  201. ^ Rich Sands (September 24, 2013). "TV Guide Magazine's 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time". TV Guide. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  202. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 178
  203. ^ Solomon, Charles (1994). The History of Animation: Enchanted Drawings. New York: Wings Books. p. 261. ISBN 0-517-11859-9.
  204. ^ "The Harley Quinn Boom is Just Getting Started". August 10, 2016.
  205. ^ Batman: Arkham Asylum Archived July 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, game overview.
  206. ^ "Pre Order Batman Arkham City". GameStop. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
  207. ^ The Batman Film News [@thebatmanfilm_] (January 25, 2022). "Whereas in the cinema, it is always his heroic side that is put forward. The Batman does the opposite, we capture the inner bubbling of the character. In my opinion, the only other to achieve this is the animated film 'Batman: Mask Of The Phantasm'" (Tweet). Retrieved January 26, 2022 – via Twitter.
  208. ^ Bob Miller (June 1994). "Knight Vision". Comics Scene.
  209. ^ Dini, Kidd, p.117
  210. ^ Stomp Tokyo Video Reviews, Batman & Mr. Freeze: Subzero review.
  211. ^ "The Batman Adventures". TV Tropes. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  212. ^ Colucci, Brian (July 7, 2024). "Harley Quinn's First Comic Appearance: Everything Fans Need To Know". ScreenRant. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
  213. ^ Goslin, Austen (February 13, 2020). "Batman: The Animated Series creator will continue the show — in comics". Polygon. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
  214. ^ "Superman & Batman Magazine from Welsh Publishing Group". League of Comic Geeks. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  215. ^ "Batman: The Animated Series by Geary Gravel". Goodreads. Retrieved November 8, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  216. ^ IGN Archived October 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, The Adventures of Batman & Robin – Sega CD.
  217. ^ Moby Games, The Adventures of Batman & Robin video game description.
  218. ^ Marriott, Scott Alan. "Overview - Batman: The Animated Series". allgame. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  219. ^ Newton, Andrew (August 31, 2018). "LEGO DC Super-Villains Season Pass details revealed". Flickering Myth. Archived from the original on April 10, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
  220. ^ Allstetter, Rob (August 1997). "The Dark Knight Returns". Wizard. No. 72. pp. 50–54.
  221. ^ "FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Introducing an Old-Time Hero To a New Generation". New York Times. September 19, 2004. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  222. ^ "The World's Finest – The DC Animation Resource". www.worldsfinestonline.com.
  223. ^ "'Batman: The Animated Series' Audio Drama in the Works With Original Cast". The Hollywood Reporter. December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Batman: The Animated Series.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Batman: The Animated Series.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batman:_The_Animated_Series&oldid=1256171258#Antagonists"