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Gynostemma

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Gynostemma
Gynostemma pentaphyllum
growing in potting soil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Tribe: Gomphogyneae
Genus: Gynostemma
Blume[1]
Species

See text

Gynostemma is a genus of perennial climbing vines in the cucumber, gourd, and melon family, comprising at least 19 species, all native to the tropical East or Far East, inclusive of the Himalayas: China (with 9 endemic); the islands of Japan; Malaysia; and New Guinea.[2] The term Gynostemma is derived from Ancient Greek γυνή meaning "woman" or "female",[3] and στέμμα meaning "wreath" or "garland".[3] In (post-)classical Latin the form stemma is attested as Greek loanword.[4][5] In Ancient Greek and Latin, stemma is of neuter gender.[3][4] German-Dutch botanist Carl Ludwig Blume described Gynostemma from two species he named:[6] G. pedata (later changed, to pedatum)[7] and G. simplicifolia (also later changed, to simplicifolium).[8] Neither species was clearly designated by him as the type; however, the former species, G. pedatum is now considered to be a synonym of G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino.[9] The genus was published in 1825, in Carl Ludwig von Blume's Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië ("Contributions to the flora of the Dutch East Indies").[1][6]

General description

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All species of Gynostemma have tendrils (usually branching); most are dioecious. The leaves are usually in palmately arrayed leaflets (3–9, ovate-lanceolate in shape), arranged alternately on the stem; a few species are leaved, but without leaflets. Inflorescences are either racemose or paniculate. Fruits can be capsular or pea-like, containing two or three seeds.[2]

Selected species

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List source :[10]

References

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  1. ^ a b Gynostemma was originally described and published in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 23. 1825. "Name - !Gynostemma Blume". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  2. ^ a b Shukun Chen; Charles Jeffrey. "Gynostemma". Flora of China. 19. eFloras. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  3. ^ a b c Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  4. ^ a b Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  5. ^ Saalfeld, G.A.E.A. (1884). Tensaurus Italograecus. Ausführliches historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Lehn- und Fremdwörter im Lateinischen. Wien: Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Buchhändler der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  6. ^ a b Original text by Carl Ludwig von Blume (1825). Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. p. 23. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  7. ^ "Name - Gynostemma pedatum Blume". Tropicos. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  8. ^ "Name - !Gynostemma simplicifolium Blume". Tropicos. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  9. ^ "TPL, treatment of Gynostemma pedatum". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  10. ^ "TPL, treatment of Gynostemma". Retrieved December 1, 2012.
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