Gymnobela micraulax
| Gymnobela micraulax | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Raphitomidae |
| Genus: | Gymnobela |
| Species: | G. micraulax
|
| Binomial name | |
| Gymnobela micraulax Sysoev, 1997
| |
Gymnobela micraulax is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.[1]
Description
[edit]The length of the shell attains 22 mm, its diameter 7.1 mm. Gymnobela micraulax features a slender, elongated shell with distinct axial ribs that give it a textured appearance. The shell is typically glossy and may exhibit a variety of color patterns, often with a base of white or light beige overlaid with darker streaks or bands. The aperture of the shell is narrow, and the siphonal canal is well-developed, which is a characteristic feature of many species within the Drilliidae family. The overall morphology of G. micraulax reflects adaptations for its predatory lifestyle, helping it to navigate through its environment effectively.
Taxonomy and Classification
[edit]- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Mollusca
- Class: Gastropoda
- Subclass: Caenogastropoda[2]
- Order: Neogastropoda
- Superfamily: Conoidea
- Family: Drilliidae
- Genus: Gymnobela
- Species: Gymnobela micraulax[3]
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Distribution
[edit]This marine species occurs off the Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia and in the Arafura Sea, at depths between 884 m - 891 m. This species is found in marine environments, primarily in the warm waters of the Indo-Pacific region.[4] It inhabits sandy or muddy substrates on the ocean floor, typically at depths ranging from 50 to 300 meters. Gymnobela micraulax is often associated with coral reef systems and other structures that provide shelter and hunting grounds for its prey. The distribution of this species indicates a preference for areas with sufficient food resources and suitable conditions for growth and reproduction.[5]
Ecology and Behavior
[edit]Gymnobela micraulax is a carnivorous snail, primarily feeding on small invertebrates such as polychaete worms and other mollusks. Its predatory behavior is facilitated by its well-developed radula, a specialized feeding organ that allows it to scrape or drill into the shells of its prey.[6] The species is adapted to a benthic lifestyle, often camouflaging itself within its environment to ambush unsuspecting prey. Its reproductive strategy is likely oviparous, with females laying eggs that develop into free-swimming larvae before settling on the ocean floor.
Reproduction
[edit]The reproductive habits of Gymnobela micraulax follow a common pattern observed in many marine gastropods. It is believed that the species engages in external fertilization, where eggs and sperm are released into the water column. The eggs are laid in gelatinous capsules or strings, providing some protection to the developing embryos.[7] Once the larvae hatch, they enter a planktonic phase, drifting with ocean currents until they eventually settle on suitable substrates, where they undergo metamorphosis into juvenile snails.
Conservation Status
[edit]Currently, Gymnobela micraulax does not have a specific conservation status listed by major conservation organizations. However, like many marine species, it may be affected by habitat degradation, pollution, and climate change. The health of coral reef ecosystems, in particular, is crucial for the survival of this species, as it relies on these habitats for food and shelter. Sustainable fishing practices and conservation efforts aimed at protecting marine environments can help ensure the continued existence of G. micraulax.[8]
Human Interest
[edit]Although Gymnobela micraulax may not be as well-known as some other marine species, its unique shell and ecological role make it of interest to marine biologists and collectors alike. The study of such species contributes to a better understanding of marine biodiversity and the functioning of ocean ecosystems. Additionally, as interest in marine conservation grows, species like G. micraulax can serve as indicators of the health of their environments, helping to guide conservation efforts.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gymnobela micraulax Sysoev, 1997. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 29 March 2010.
- ^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Kaim, Andrzej; Kano, Yasunori; Nützel, Alexander; Parkhaev, Pavel; Schrödl, Michael; Strong, Ellen E. (December 2017). "Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families". Malacologia. 61 (1–2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. ISSN 0076-2997.
- ^ Vandepitte, Leen; Dekeyzer, Stefanie; Decock, Wim; Delgat, Lynn; Boydens, Ben; Tyberghein, Lennert; Vanhoorne, Bart; Hernandez, Francisco; Mees, Jan; Horton, Tammy; Kroh, Andreas; Boyko, Christopher B.; Ahyong, Shane T. (4 September 2024). "The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) through the looking glass: insights from the data management team in light of the crystal anniversary of WoRMS". Hydrobiologia. doi:10.1007/s10750-024-05688-y. ISSN 0018-8158.
- ^ Duda, Thomas Franklin; Lee, Taehwan (28 February 2009). "Isolation and population divergence of a widespread Indo-West Pacific marine gastropod at Easter Island". Marine Biology. 156 (6): 1193–1202. doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1161-x. ISSN 0025-3162.
- ^ Santhanam, Ramasamy (20 July 2018), "Biology and Ecology of Edible Marine Gastropod Molluscs", Biology and Ecology of Edible Marine Gastropod Molluscs, Apple Academic Press, pp. 7–18, ISBN 978-1-315-09943-9, retrieved 24 October 2024
- ^ "R. Tucker Abbott & S. P. Dance Compendium of Seashells: a Color Guide to More than 4,200 of the World's Marine Shells. x, 410 pp. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1982. Price $50.00". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 63 (4): 943–943. November 1983. doi:10.1017/s0025315400071356. ISSN 0025-3154.
- ^ "Reproduction Summary - Gymnobela micraulax". www.sealifebase.se. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ^ "Ecology of whale falls at the deep-sea floor", Oceanography and Marine Biology, An Annual Review, Volume 41, CRC Press, pp. 319–333, 31 July 2003, ISBN 978-0-429-21771-5, retrieved 24 October 2024
- Sysoev, Alexander (1997). Crosnier, A.; Bouchet, P. (eds.). "Mollusca Gastropoda: New deep-water turrid gastropods (Conoidea) from eastern Indonesia" (PDF). Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. 16 (172). Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat: 325–355. ISBN 2-85653-506-2. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
External links
[edit]- MNHN, Paris: holotype
- Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 682: 1–1295.