Guyancourt

Guyancourt
Commune
The Church of Saint-Victor in Guyancourt
Coat of arms
Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
Location of Guyancourt
Guyancourt Guyancourt
Coordinates: 48°46′17″N 2°04′26″E
Country	France
Region	Île-de-France
Department	Yvelines
Arrondissement	Versailles
Canton	Montigny-le-Bretonneux
Intercommunality	Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	François Morton
Area 1	13.0 km2 (5.0 sq mi)
Population  (2021)	29,406
• Density	2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	78297 /78280
Elevation	138 m (453 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Guyancourt (French: [ɡɥi.jɑ̃.kuʁ] ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris, 21.2 km (13.2 mi) from the center of Paris, in the "new town" of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

Geography

The commune of Guyancourt comprises several districts. The first of them, corresponding to the old village, is known as "le village", the others are named:

• Bouviers (Herdsmen), ancient hamlet of the village
• Les Garennes (the warrens)
• L'Europe (Europe)
• Le Pont du Routoir (the bridge over the retting pit)
• Les Saules (the Willows)
• Le Parc (the Park)
• Les Chênes (the Oaks)
• Villaroy (the recently constructed districts of the city)

The bordering communes are Versailles to the northeast, Voisins-le-Bretonneux to the southwest, Montigny-le-Bretonneux to the west, Châteaufort to the southeast, Magny-les-Hameaux to the south and Saint-Cyr-l'Ecole in the northwest.

Although located in the Paris suburbs, more than half of the territory of the commune of Guyancourt is covered in natural spaces: forests, wood, parks, gardens and ponds.

History

Prehistoric

The site of the city was already inhabited by Neolithic tribes who left hundreds of vestiges such as arrows, flint scrapers, polished axes... which have been recovered in the districts of Bouviers, Troux and Villaroy.

Antiquity

The civilization continued through Roman times, as Mr. Leclère, a farmer, demonstrated in a fortuitous way in 1892 by unearthing an antique ballot box in his field.

The religious life

Work to restore the church Saint-Victor put the date of the sarcophages at the Merovingian era (from the seventh century). It is believed that the construction of the first church dates from the fourteenth century. Several funerary vases and a tomb stone dating from the sixteenth century were updated. The church was renovated in the fifteenth century, then entirely rebuilt in the sixteenth century. The most recent restoration goes back to 1998.

Guyancourt and the Palace of Versailles

Guyancourt forms part of the "Grand Parc" of the sun king Soleil (Louis XIV), which extended around the castle of Versailles. The essential vocation of the populous communes neighbouring the castle is market-gardening, to provide for the important needs for the Court.

French revolution

Thanks to the register of grievances sent to the governmental authorities (1789), we know that Guyancourtois, who were mostly modest peasants, lived with difficulty under conditions of famine.

The Franco-Prussian War of 1870

France is partly occupied by the Prussian armies. The enemy spreads terror, the houses are plundered, the inhabitants maltreated. Four hundred of them (an enormous figure for the time) prefer to flee.

The 1900s

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Guyancourt was a large village where one cultivates corn, oats, beets, fodder and potatoes. The trades were numerous, with almost 16 wine merchants for 614 inhabitants.

The war of 1914–1918 cost the lives of thirty-six Guyancourtois. The war of 1939–1945 also touched Guyancourt, which was liberated by August 25, 1944.

The end of the twentieth century

Starting from the beginning of the 1950s, the Paris area saw a considerable demographic growth. To structure the development of the suburbs, it was decided to create several new towns around Paris, one of which being Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. The new city of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines includes today seven communes (eleven in the beginning), one of which is Guyancourt. In 1950 Guyancourt was only one small village. The commune grew since 1970 to reach the figure of 27,000 inhabitants in 2004.

Population

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 548 —     1800 561 +0.34% 1806 594 +0.96% 1821 610 +0.18% 1831 628 +0.29% 1836 585 −1.41% 1841 683 +3.15% 1846 699 +0.46% 1851 645 −1.60% 1856 577 −2.20% 1861 624 +1.58% 1866 630 +0.19% 1872 636 +0.16% 1876 665 +1.12% 1881 698 +0.97% 1886 652 −1.35% 1891 708 +1.66% 1896 710 +0.06%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 614 −2.86% 1906 644 +0.96% 1911 636 −0.25% 1921 684 +0.73% 1926 848 +4.39% 1931 852 +0.09% 1936 824 −0.67% 1946 856 +0.38% 1954 1,010 +2.09% 1962 1,244 +2.64% 1968 1,493 +3.09% 1975 3,450 +12.71% 1982 10,983 +17.99% 1990 18,307 +6.60% 1999 25,079 +3.56% 2007 28,563 +1.64% 2012 28,039 −0.37% 2017 28,633 +0.42%
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017)

International relations

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Guyancourt is twinned with:

• Linlithgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, the birthplace of Mary, Queen of Scots
• Pegnitz, Germany

Notable people

• Roland Nadaus: Poet, writer, lampoonist, storyteller, lyric writer, novelist, local councillor and départemental. The author of about thirty works, he also assumed several mandates of mayor, advising general, and President of the urban community (then called the SAN, trade union of new agglomeration).

Economy

Industrial fabric

Guyancourt accommodates not only many SME and trade, but also several large companies, such as:

• Le Technocentre Renault (automobile)
• The head office of Bouygues Construction
  • At one time parent company Bouygues had its head office in the Kevin Roche-designed Challenger complex.
• The national case of Crédit Agricole
• The registered office of McDonald's, France
• Prost Grand Prix (closed now).

Education

Higher education and research

• Guyancourt is home to a campus of the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin. The buildings located in the commune relate to the lessons on human rights and the social sciences.
• One also finds there research laboratories of the INRA (National Institute of Agronomic Research)

Primary and secondary schools

Junior high schools:

• Collège Ariane
• Collège Les Saules
• Collège Paul-Eluard

Senior high schools:

• Lycée Polyvalent Descartes
• Lycée de Villaroy
• Lycée Émilie-de Breteuil
• Lycée d'hôtellerie et de tourisme de Guyancourt

Transportation

Guyancourt is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Guyancourt is Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines–Montigny-le-Bretonneux station on Paris RER line C, on the Transilien La Défense suburban rail line, and on the Transilien Paris-Montparnasse suburban rail line. This station is located in the neighboring commune of Montigny-le-Bretonneux, 2.7 km (1.7 mi) from the town center of Guyancourt.

See also

• Communes of the Yvelines department

External links

• Ville of Guyancourt, official site
• Site of the district of Villaroy
• New city of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines