Guecha warrior

Guecha warriors (Spanish: güechas or gueches) were warriors of the Muisca Confederation in the Tenza Valley, Ubaque valley and Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the pre-Columbian era. The Guecha warrior was chosen for his merit in attitude and physique rather than by class. He was recognised by his unique status in society and his adornment with gold, feathers and inks.^[1]

Etymology

In the Chibcha language spoken by the Muisca people, the word Güechá has a number of possible meanings. The syllable güe may mean "people", "I killed", "house" or "place". The syllable chá may mean "man" or "male". Hence, güechá may mean "man of the house", "man of the people", or "man who causes death". Güechá may also mean "the brother from another mother" or "uncle".^[2]

Selection process

The güechá warriors were an elite troop of Hamza soldiers. The warriors were chosen from the soldiers of the zipa (ruler of the southern Muisca Confederation). A noble lineage was not required for selection. Rather, exemplary service as a warrior may provide entry to the noble classes as a cacicas. The Güechá had to be courageous. They had to be able to work around rigid societal rules and those of an absolute monarchy.^[3] The güechá position was not hereditary; selection was only on merit.^[4]

Features

The warriors were a privileged group, esteemed for their toughness, and bravery. Their endeavours earned them rewards such as cacicazgos (chiefdoms). Those who fell in battle received posthumous honors. For instance, certain balsams were applied to their bodies and their bodies were carried on the shoulders of their fellow warriors. It was believed the presence of a dead warrior's body could infuse other warriors with life so they might fight again.

Appearance

The Franciscan friar Pedro Simón (1578 – 1620) described the warriors as "men of great physique, bodies, bold, loose, determined and vigilant". Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita (1624 – 1688) a catholic prelate described the warriors as "brave and determined men, with big beautiful physiques, lightness and skill". Unlike the common men, the warriors wore their hair very short^[5] and were allowed to wear gold beads and ornaments through edge-pierced ears, nose and lips.

The warriors carried clubs, darts, spears, bows and arrows, and slingshots. They took Panche and Calima slaves with them to war. The men went into combat with curled plumes of parrot feathers, and wide ribbons of fine gold encrusted with emeralds. They wore bracelets and fine coral and gold beads. Inks and Jagua tattoos were also used.

References

^ Los güechas o guechas en Cundinamarca "The güechas or guechas in Cundinamarca" Fernando el Católico Institution
^ Henderson and Ostler, 2005, p.154
^ Fiebre de Bicentenario Parte I ("Excitement of a Bientenary") Archived 2015-05-24 at the Wayback Machine Altayre blog September 2010.
^ Los guerreros Muiscas y sus armas ("The Muisca warriors and their weapons") Bitacorasdebogota blog.
^ Thomas Athol Joyce (1912). South American Archaeology: An Introduction to the Archaeology of the South American Continent with Special Reference to the Early History of Peru. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 24. Retrieved 6 August 2013. Guecha Warrior.

Bibliography

Henderson, Hope; Ostler, Nicholas (2005), "Muisca settlement organization and chiefly authority at Suta, Valle de Leyva, Colombia: A critical appraisal of native concepts of house for studies of complex societies", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 24 (2), Elsevier: 148–178, doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2005.01.002, ISSN 0278-4165

Aguado, Pedro de, 1957, History Collection, Library of the Presidency of Colombia, Bogotá, National Press
Alcedo, Antonio, 1967, Gazetteer-History of the West Indies or America, 4 vols., Library of Spanish Authors, Madrid, Editions Atlas
Castellanos, Juan de, 1955, Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias, Library of the Presidency of Colombia. Bogotá, Editorial A.B.C.
Fernández de Oviedo, Gonzalo, 1959, General and Natural History of the Indies, 5 vols.
Fernáasfdasdfndez de Piedrahita, Lucas, 1881, General History of the conquest of the New Kingdom of Granada, Bogota, Printing of Medardo Rivas
Pérez González, Stella Maria, 1987, Chibcha dictionary and grammar, manuscript of the National Library of Colombia, transcription and study, Bogota, Instituto Caro y Cuervo
Simón, Pedro, 1953, New histories of the conquests of the mainland in the West Indies, 5 vols., Colombian Authors Library, Ministry of Education, Bogota Bolivar Editions
Uricoechea, Ezequiel, 1871, grammar, vocabulary, catechism and confessional of the Chibcha language as ancient manuscripts and unpublished anonymous, increased correjidos, Paris, Maisonneuve i Cia
Velandia, Robert, 1979–1982, Historical Encyclopedia of Cundinamarca, 5 vols. Authors Library Cundinamarca, Bogota, National Cooperative Graphic Arts

[autogenerated1-1] Los güechas o guechas en Cundinamarca "The güechas or guechas in Cundinamarca" Fernando el Católico Institution

[2] Henderson and Ostler, 2005, p.154

[autogenerated2-3] Fiebre de Bicentenario Parte I ("Excitement of a Bientenary") Archived 2015-05-24 at the Wayback Machine Altayre blog September 2010.

[autogenerated3-4] Los guerreros Muiscas y sus armas ("The Muisca warriors and their weapons") Bitacorasdebogota blog.

[5] Thomas Athol Joyce (1912). South American Archaeology: An Introduction to the Archaeology of the South American Continent with Special Reference to the Early History of Peru. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 24. Retrieved 6 August 2013. Guecha Warrior.

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v t e Muisca
Geography	Ocetá Páramo Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Hills Bogotá River Savanna Wetlands Tenza Valley Flora & fauna
History	Prehistory (<10,000 BP) Lithic (10,000 - 2800 BP) El Abra Tibitó Tequendama P. del Tunjo Checua Aguazuque Lake Herrera El Infiernito Herrera (800 BC - 800) Confederation (~1450 - 1540) Cabildo Mayor (>2002)
Conquest	List of conquistadors Gonzalo de Quesada Hernán de Quesada Gonzalo Suárez Rendón Juan de Céspedes Baltasar Maldonado Juan de San Martín Lázaro Fonte Miguel Holguín y Figueroa Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela Ortún Velázquez de Velasco Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano Gonzalo Macías Luis Lanchero Martín Galeano Battle of Tocarema (1538) Conquest of the Chibchan Nations
Topics	Agriculture Architecture Art Raft Astronomy Calendar Cuisine Chicha Economy Mummies Music Muysccubun Duit Numerals Toponyms Myths El Dorado Religion Tunjo Tejo Warfare Battles of Pasca (~1470) Chocontá (~1490) Women Zoratama The Salt People Zipaquirá Nemocón Tausa
Deities	Chiminigagua Bachué Chía Sué Bochica Huitaca Chibchacum Cuchavira Nencatacoa Chaquén Chibafruime Guahaioque
Sacred sites	Built Sun Temple Moon Temple Cojines del Zaque Goranchacha Temple Hunzahúa Well Natural Fúquene Guatavita Iguaque Siecha Suesca Tota Monster Tequendama Falls
Northern caciques	zaque of Hunza Hunzahúa Michuá Quemuenchatocha Aquiminzaque iraca of Suamox Nompanim Sugamuxi tundama of Tundama
Southern caciques	zipa of Bacatá Meicuchuca Saguamanchica Nemequene Tisquesusa Sagipa cacique of Turmequé Diego de Torres y Moyachoque
Neighbours	Chibcha-speaking U'wa Sutagao Guane Lache Arawak-speaking Achagua Tegua Guayupe Cariban-speaking Panche Muzo Yarigui
Research and collections	List of scholars Acosta De Aguado Arango Broadbent De Castellanos Celis Correal Duquesne Freyle Friede Gamboa Groot Hammen Humboldt Izquierdo Langebaek De Lugo Ocampo De Piedrahita De Quesada Reichel-Dolmatoff Schrimpff Simón Triana Uricoechea Zerda Research institutes Publications Elegías (1589) El Carnero (1638) Epítome (1889) Musea Museo del Oro Sogamoso Pasca