Gruppe S
| Gruppe S | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Werner S. |
| Dates of operation | 2019–2020 |
| Active regions | Germany |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Major actions | Conspiracy to attack mosques, government buildings and politicians |
Gruppe S ("Group S"), named after founder Werner S., was an alleged far-right terrorist group in Germany that emerged on the internet in September 2019 and was dismantled in February 2020 with the arrest of several militants. They are said to have armed themselves in a few months, conducted target practice and planned simultaneous assassinations of Muslims in mosques, prominent politicians and people close to anti-fascist movements.[1]
History
[edit]According to the Public Prosecutor General of the Federal Court of Justice Peter Frank in his official press release, several raids were carried out on 14 February 2020. Twelve members of German nationality were arrested, including Werner S., Michael B., Thomas N. and Tony E., listed as prime suspects, as well as Thorsten W., Ulf R., Wolfgang W., Markus K., Frank H., Marcel W., Stefan K., and Steffen B. listed as supporters of a terrorist organization.[2] Another member of the group had been a police informant since October 2019 and was not arrested.[3]
In the group's WhatsApp chat, there were at least 15 people, five of whom described themselves as "hardline militants". Two more men are said to have soon left the group.[4] It is believed that the group may have had almost 25 members.[5]
Main suspects
[edit]Werner S. was 53 years old when he was arrested and was known as "Teutonico" on the nationalist scene. Investigators consider him the "undisputed head" of the moderately organized group and therefore he was classified as a threat several months before his arrest.[6] He was a native of Mickhausen in Landkreis Augsburg and is said to have coordinated the group's meetings.[7]
According to a media investigation, he has nine previous convictions, for offenses such as fraud, blackmail, abuse of titles and use of a knuckle glove in public during a right-wing demonstration.[8] In 2007, he was on an internal list of Alternative for Germany stakeholders at its Munich headquarters, recontacting the party in 2017, and showing interest in the party.[9] He is a trained restaurateur and had only moved to Mickhausen a few years before the arrest. There, it is said that he remained largely poor in contact and unknown. On Facebook, he called himself "Werner Schmidt." Many of his 200 or so Facebook friends shared symbols of neo-Nazism. One was an AfD official, another administrative official in Börde, Saxony-Anhalt.[10] He is said to have made many contacts through the chat group "Freikorps Heimat". Even the historically preloaded name expressed an intention to eliminate democracy.[11] In monitored phone calls and chats, he threatened after a speech by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier: "This traitor will pay."[12]
48-year-old Michael B. was a Kirchheim unter Teck family man who was known as an athlete in the city. He had been running a two-person small-order business in the metal industry for three years. His business partner was completely shocked by his arrest. Nothing is known about the weapons seized by Michael B.[13]
Thomas N. of Minden worked as a tiler. He had covered his company car with a flag of the German Empire. In his Facebook profile he considered that the federal government and the Reichsbürger movement are illegally in office, called Chancellor Angela Merkel a "criminal creature", warned against the alleged chemtrails, and wrote about the Antifa: "It is time to clean up this dirt."[10]
Tony E. (39), a native of Lüneburg, had moved to Wriedel in the Uelzen district a few months ago. He worked on construction sites in Dubai. In his private life, he collected weapons to "defend Germany." On his Facebook profile, he collected names and groups popular with German right-wing radicals, where he was actively involved.[10]
Alleged supporters
[edit]Thorsten W. worked for the police administration in Hamm, (North Rhine-Westphalia), until February 2020. In 2013 and 2014, he worked in the area of "gun permits" at the police headquarters and participated in gun license verification. Most recently, he worked in the traffic department. In his spare time, he often dressed as a Germanic warrior and had himself photographed with a sword and shield decorated with runes. In one of his profiles on social networks there were numerous images of swastikas and the Schutzstaffel. Since 2018, he had hoisted a Reichskriegsflagge on his balcony, wore clothing brands associated with the right and had affixed the stickers with the slogan "do not throw lying press" on his door.[14] It was common for him to share messages on his social networks where he justified some attacks such as the shootings in Christchurch in 2019.[15] These behaviors did not lead to disciplinary consequences at work.[11][12]
Markus K. (35) from Minden, is a long-time neo-Nazi who is said to have belonged to the organizing team of several far-right demonstrations in Bad Nenndorf.[16] He was involved in an attack by hundreds of neo-Nazis at a demonstration organized by the German Trade Union Federation, on 1 May 2009 in Dortmund, as did Stephan Ernst, the alleged main culprit in the murder of Walter Lübcke.[17][18][7]
Several members had contacts with the extremist group "Soldiers of Odin" (SOO). Steffen B., from Salzlandkreis, Saxony-Anhalt showed a photo of patrolling men wearing the group's logo on his Facebook profile.[19] He and Stefan K. were among the regional leaders of the vigilante organization "Vikings Security Germania".[10] According to an MDR Fernsehen investigation, Steffen B. and Stefan K. participated in a neo-Nazi torch march in Magdeburg in November 2018, in which the "Viking Security Germania" had been called in to give "security to the event."[20][21]
Frank H. from Munich proclaimed himself the "president" of the group "Wodans Erben Germanien" which emerged in Bavaria as a branch of "Soldiers of Odin". In 2019, his group broke into an accommodation for asylum seekers in Moosach, demonstrated in front of the Munich Jewish Center, marched with torches to Zeppelin Field, and other historical buildings related to the Third Reich in Nuremberg.[clarification needed][22][9]
Marcel W. from the Pfaffenhofen District, operator of an Internet mail order company, was also a member of "Wodans Erben" and referred to himself as "Sergeant-at-Arms", the group's security and orderly manager.[23][24] Other members were related to the "German-German Cultural Association", "Freikorps Heimatschutz", "Freikorps Deutschland" and similar neo-Nazi groups.
Marion G., a trained hairdresser from a small town in Franconia, became radicalized after reading an investigative note from the weekly newspaper Die Zeit, where she discussed the current refugee crisis in Germany. She was 50 years old at the time, did not know refugees, but according to her own statements, she feared attacks against herself and her children and wanted to "be quiet again". Since the Summer of 2018, it has organized demonstrations of the yellow vests in Nuremberg.[8][25]
Jürgen K. first registered for a chat in Gruppe S at the end of July 2019 and introduced himself as a native of Brandenburg who had been living in Poland for more than twelve years. He works there as an industrial electrician and sits as a nonpartisan member of the local council. He sent a photo to show the plastic explosives he stored, shortly after, he shared a photo of himself with a Skorpion vz. 61 submachine gun. Since November 2019, he wrote less and less in the chat groups and no longer participated in the meeting at the end of 2019, where the group planned simultaneous attacks on six mosques and purchase of weapons in the Czech Republic.[26]
Another alleged Koblenz member was arrested after posting on the Russian platform vk.com, Muslims should be eliminated from the world: "It is time for the people, otherwise, we are history."[27][28]
The informant who had helped the police had spent more than 20 years in various jails, psychiatric clinics and penal institutions, among other things, for robbery and arrest of a policeman,[clarification needed] and was identified as violent. He was released in the spring of 2017.[29][30] According to his own information, in the summer of 2019 he contacted an extremist chat group, which was looking for "patriots who were willing to fight and who were determined to do everything." After a few weeks, Werner S.'s radicalization scared him, so he contacted the security authorities and reported the terrorist plans.[31]
Recruitment on the Internet
[edit]Since the fall of 2018, Marion G. created private groups on Facebook for “comrades who didn't just want to chat”. As of January 2019, she founded the chat group "Der harte Kern" and other chat groups in the messaging service such as Telegram, where she met and added more extremists over the months.[8] In these chat groups and by phone, Werner S. was looking for men who were willing to make direct attacks. The profile Werner was looking for in applicants was that they had to be "smart, tough, brutal, fast, energetic" and trust yourself to "do more than participate in demonstrations." Werner recruited his members in very different settings, in Facebook groups, Twitter, Telegram, self-defense groups, rock clubs and neo-Nazi collectives who were united by their hatred of foreigners, refugees and Muslims. In the group they showed in the phone calls and intercepted talks a mixture of imperial bourgeoisie, Germanic mythology and xenophobia. In addition, the group did not rule out the use of suicide attacks, according to the findings of the researchers initially planned to use online recruitment to build a "clandestine army" inspired by the "Freikorps" during the Weimar Republic.[32][6]
In their talks, the group is said to have also shared photographs of weapons that they themselves made, as well as sharing their fantasies of violence.[33][11] Several of the participating members were "Preppers and had begun to gather supplies and weapons, although Marion had a particularly close relationship with Werner S., they never exchanged views with him or other members of the chat about weapons and threats of attack. Werner S.'s arrest surprised her, so she deleted their chats from her mobile phone after finding out.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Anführer wohl aus Region: Wie gefährlich war Terrorzelle "Gruppe S."?". Augsburguer Allgemeine. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
- ^ Festnahme mutmaßlicher Mitglieder sowie Unterstützer einer rechtsterroristischen Vereinigung. Archived 2020-12-01 at the Wayback Machine Generalbundesanwalt.de, 14. February 2020
- ^ Razzia gegen Rechtsextreme: Informant in mutmaßlicher Terrorzelle. Tagesschau.de, 17. February 2020
- ^ Jörg Köpke: Terrorzelle “Gruppe S”: Das Rätsel um den dreizehnten Mann. RND, 20. February 2020
- ^ Frank Jansen: Rechte Terrorgruppe um Werner S.: Eine Spur der Rechtsextremen führt zu Waffenhändlern nach Tschechien. Tagesspiegel, 17. February 2020
- ^ a b Ermittlungen gegen Rechtsextreme: „Teutonico“ und seine Terrorzelle. Spiegel Online, 16. February 2020.
- ^ a b Terrorverdächtige kommen in Untersuchungshaft. Spiegel Online, 16. February 2020.
- ^ a b c d Christian Fuchs: Gruppe S.: Wie sich die Marion und der Nazi-Tony auf den Bürgerkrieg vorbereitet haben. Die Zeit, 24. Juni 2020.
- ^ a b Christian Fuchs, Astrid Geisler, Anton Maegerle, Paul Middelhoff, Daniel Müller, Sascha Venohr: Gruppe S: Der neue Wutbürger-Terrorismus. Die Zeit, 23. February 2020.
- ^ a b c d Konrad Litschko, Christina Schmidt, Sebastian Erb: Rechtsextremistische Terrorzelle: Großgermanen in U-Haft. taz, 16. February 2020.
- ^ a b c Gregor Mayntz: „Brandgefährlich“. Westfalenblatt, 9. März 2020.
- ^ a b Gruppe S: Terrorverdächtiger bestätigt Anschlagspläne auf Moscheen. dpa/Zeit online, 28. February 2020.
- ^ Bernd Köble, Frank Hoffmann: Kirchheimer unter Terrorverdacht. Teckbote, 19. February 2020.
- ^ Thorsten W.: Polizei in Hamm räumt Fehler ein. Zeit online, 21. February 2020
- ^ Verdächtiger aus Polizeikreisen: Thorsten W. aus Hamm: Finanzier der rechten Terrorzelle. Westfälischer Anzeiger, 20. February 2020
- ^ Das sind die drei Terrorverdächtigen aus OWL. WDR, 20. February 2020.
- ^ "German politician Lübcke shot in head at close range". BBC News. 3 June 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "Arrest in probe of German politician Walter Lübcke's death". Deutsche Welle (En Ingles). Retrieved 2020-02-09.
- ^ Rechtsextremisten waren entschlossen, „ihr eigenes Ding durchzuziehen“. Welt online, 15. February 2020.
- ^ Ein gefährliches Netzwerk: „Gruppe S.“ hatte Kontakte zu rechtsextremer Bürgerwehr in Sachsen-Anhalt. MDR, 27. February 2020
- ^ Mutmaßliche rechte Terrorzelle nannte sich „Der harte Kern“. Zeit Online, 16. February 2020.
- ^ Martin Bernstein: Mutmaßliche rechte Terrorzelle: Mit gekreuzten Äxten und radikaler Gesinnung. SZ, 17. February 2020
- ^ Was über die bayerischen Terrorverdächtigen bekannt ist. BR, 18. February 2020
- ^ Alexandra Endres, Christian Fuchs, Karsten Polke-Majewski: Rechtsextremismus: „Offenbar in kurzer Zeit radikalisiert“. Zeit online, 17. February 2020.
- ^ Mutmaßlich rechte Terrorgruppe hatte Kontakte nach Mittelfranken. BR, 12. März 2020.
- ^ Muriel Kalisch, Daniel Müller, Holger Stark: Rechtsterrorismus: Polizei findet 1,2 Kilo TNT bei mutmaßlichem Rechtsterroristen. Zeit Online, 9. Oktober 2020
- ^ Nach Razzia gegen Rechte Terror-„Gruppe S“: Festgenommener Koblenzer hetzte bereits vor Jahren gegen Muslime.[permanent dead link] SWR, 27. February 2020
- ^ Michael Ortmann: Die Pläne der „Gruppe S.“: Sie wollten den Massenmord. N-tv, 17. February 2020
- ^ Christian Fuchs, Astrid Geisler, Daniel Müller, Simon Schramm: Die heikle Rolle des V-Manns in der rechten Zelle. Archived 2020-02-23 at the Wayback Machine Zeit, 21. February 2020.
- ^ Ulrich Stoll: Terrorpläne der „Gruppe S.“ - Der Informant, der auspackte. ZDF, 26. February 2020
- ^ V-Mann in rechter Terrorzelle: Ein Sanitäter unter Attentätern? SWR / ARD, 24. February 2020
- ^ Florian Flade, Lena Kampf, Georg Mascolo: Rechter Terror: Die Radikalität der „Gruppe S.“. Tagesschau.de, 27. February 2020.
- ^ Maik Baumgärtner, Roman Lehberger, Sven Röbel, Fidelius Schmid, Wolf Wiedmann-Schmidt: Die unauffälligen Herren der „Gruppe S.“. Spiegel Online, 14. February 2020.