Greenbone
| Greenbone | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Odacidae |
| Genus: | Odax |
| Species: | O. pullus
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| Binomial name | |
| Odax pullus (J. R. Forster, 1801)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Odax pullus, known by the names greenbone, butterfish or its Māori language name rarī, is a species of ray-finned fish, a weed whiting from the family Odacidae, which is found around New Zealand. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries.[2]
Description
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Greenbone fish are protogynous hermaphrodites, beginning life as female and a proportion becoming male later in life. Young fish begin life with a golden-yellow colour, developing into a dark green-blue as the fish become juveniles. Adult fish are typically brown-yellow in colour. This species reaches a length of 40 centimetres (16 in) SL and has been recorded as reaching 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb). Once the fish reach a length of 40 centimetres (16 in), approximately half of the fish develop into males, who have a bright-blue colour.[3]
Range and habitat
[edit]Odax pullus is common in New Zealand coastal waters, particularly around the South Island.[3] Its range includes the Chatham Islands, Antipodes Islands and Bounty Islands but it is not present around the Three Kings Islands, where it is replaced by the endemic bluefinned butterfish O. cyanoallix.[1]
It inhabits shallow, rocky areas with brown algae growth, mainly Carpophyllum.
Diet
[edit]Greenbones are primarily herbivorous, feeding mostly on brown seaweeds.[3]
In a human context
[edit]Rarī is a traditional Māori food-source, and developed a folk reputation for being troublemakers. The name rarī over time became used to describe people who were troublemakers as well.[3] The fish was more commonly eaten in southern New Zealand, and typically caught using large pole nets which used kelp as a camouflage.[3]
Early European settlers similarly had a poor reputation for the fish, until a public health campaign in the 1920s by the Department of Health, who encouraged people to eat the fish due to its high levels of iodine.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Russell, B.; Clements, K.D.; Choat, J.H.; Rocha, L.A.; Myers, R.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Muljadi, A.; Pardede, S.; Rahardjo, P. (2012). "Odax pullus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T190678A17774407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190678A17774407.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Odax pullus". FishBase. August 2019 version.
- ^ a b c d e f Vennell, Robert (5 October 2022). Secrets of the Sea: The Story of New Zealand's Native Sea Creatures. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. pp. 142–146. ISBN 978-1-77554-179-0. LCCN 2021388548. Wikidata Q114871191.