Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville
The Earl Granville | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Portrait by Thomas Lawrence | |
| Ambassador to Russia | |
| In office 1804–1805 | |
| Preceded by | Sir John Borlase Warren, Bt |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Cathcart |
| In office 1807–1812 | |
| Preceded by | The Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale |
| Succeeded by | The Viscount Cathcart |
| Ambassador to France | |
| In office 1824–1828 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Stuart |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Stuart de Rothesay |
| In office 1830–1835 | |
| Preceded by | The Lord Stuart de Rothesay |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Cowley |
| In office 1835–1841 | |
| Preceded by | The Lord Cowley |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Cowley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 October 1773 |
| Died | 8 January 1846 (aged 72) |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Whig |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Harriet Cavendish (m.1809) |
| Children | 7 |
| Parent(s) | Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford Lady Susanna Stewart |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville, GCB, PC (12 October 1773 – 8 January 1846), styled Lord Granville Leveson-Gower from 1786 to 1815 and The Viscount Granville from 1815 to 1833, was a British Whig statesman and diplomat from the Leveson-Gower family.
Background and education
[edit]Granville was the second son and youngest child of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford from his marriage to Lady Susanna Stewart, daughter of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway. His elder, paternal half-brother was George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland.
Granville was educated at Dr. Kyle's school at Hammersmith, and then privately by John Chappel Woodhouse. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, in April 1789 but never took a degree. Nevertheless, ten years later, in 1799, the honorary degree of DCL was conferred upon him.[1]
Career
[edit]Granville began his career as a member of the House of Commons, representing Lichfield from 1795 to 1799, and Staffordshire for the next sixteen years. From 1797 to 1799 he was Colonel of the 2nd Staffordshire Militia.[2] Granville served as British ambassador to Russia (10 August 1804 – 28 November 1805 and 1806–1807) and France (1824–1828, 1830[3]–1835, 1835–1841).
In 1815 he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Granville of Stone Park in the County of Stafford.[4] In 1833 during his second stint as ambassador to France, he was created Earl Granville and also Baron Leveson of Stone Park in the County of Stafford.[5][6]
Personal life
[edit]While a recent historian describes Granville as "a drab figure, the original stuffed-shirt – starch outside, sawdust within,",[7] he was celebrated as a male beauty in his own time, with Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger comparing him to "Hadrian's Antinous".[8]
Lord Granville married Lady Harriet Cavendish (1785–1862), daughter of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire and Lady Georgiana Spencer, in 1809. They had three sons and two daughters:
- Lady Susan Georgiana (25 October 1810[9] – 30 April 1866) married George Pitt-Rivers, 4th Baron Rivers. Together they had twelve children, eight of whom survived infancy.
- Lady Georgiana Charlotte (23 September 1812 – 19 January 1885)
- Granville George (11 May 1815 – 31 March 1891), succeeded his father
- Hon. William Henry (2 October 1816 – 26 May 1833), died after several years of paraplegia believed to have been caused by an infection[10]
- Hon. Edward Frederick (3 May 1819 – 30 May 1907)
Prior to marrying Lady Harriet Cavendish in 1809, Granville was the lover of Lady Harriet's maternal aunt, Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough (née Lady Henrietta Frances Spencer), with whom he fathered two illegitimate children: Harriette Stewart and George Stewart. For seventeen year,s she "loved [Granville] to idolatry",[11] but then, she understood that he must marry in order to further his career and assure his posterity, and so she actively collaborated in the arrangements for his wedding to Lady Harriet (known in the family as "Harry-O"), who was understandably reluctant to marry her aunt's lover.[12]
Granville had numerous other love affairs, including with Lady Hester Stanhope, the adventurer and antiquarian, who attempted suicide after he jilted her in 1804. It was speculated at the time, and by her biographers since, that Stanhope was pregnant at the time with Granville's child.[13]
Lord Granville died in January 1846, aged 72. The Countess Granville died in November 1862, aged 77.[14][15]
References
[edit]
- ^ Chamberlain, 2008
- ^ Staffordshire Militia at 'This Re-Illuminated School of Mars'.
- ^ "No. 18755". The London Gazette. 10 December 1830. p. 2579.
- ^ "No. 17040". The London Gazette. 15 July 1815. p. 1425.
- ^ "No. 19044". The London Gazette. 3 May 1833. p. 835.
- ^ Chamberlain, 2008
- ^ David Wetzel, A Duel of Giants: Bismarck, Napoleon III, and the Origins of the Franco-Prussian War (2001) p. 217
- ^ Kirsten Ellis, Star of the Morning: The Extraordinary Life of Lady Hester Stanhope (2008) p. 77
- ^ "Births". Northampton Mercury. 17 November 1810. p. 3. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Death of Hon. Wm. Leveson-Gower". Morning Post. 30 May 1833. p. 3. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Lord David Cecil Lord Melbourne Pan Books edition 1965 p. 39
- ^ Paul Douglass Lady Caroline Lamb New York: Palgrave-MacMillan 2004 p. 87-88
- ^ Kirsten Ellis, Star of the Morning: The Extraordinary Life of Lady Hester Stanhope (2008) p. 77-90
- ^ Chamberlain, 2008
- ^ Coleridge, Henry James. Life of Lady Georgiana Fullerton, London. Richard Bentley & Son. 1888, p. 78
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Further reading
[edit]- Chamberlain, Muriel E. "Gower, Granville George Leveson-, Second Earl Granville (1815–1891)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16543. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Hamilton, John Andrew (1893). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 33. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Fitzmaurice, Baron Edmond; Fitzmaurice, Edmond George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 1st Baron (1905). The Life of Granville George Leveson Gower, Second Earl Granville, K.G., 1815–1891. Longmans, Green.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Granville, Castalia, Countess, ed. (1916). Lord Granville Leveson Gower (First Earl Granville) Private Correspondence 1781-1921. John Murray.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) (2 vols.)
External links
[edit]- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl Granville
- Peerage[usurped], Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs . Retrieved on 17 November 2008.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1773 births
- 1846 deaths
- Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
- Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France
- Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Russian Empire
- British MPs 1790–1796
- British MPs 1796–1800
- Diplomatic peers
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- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
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- UK MPs 1806–1807
- UK MPs 1807–1812
- UK MPs 1812–1818
- UK MPs who were granted peerages
- Younger sons of marquesses
- Leveson-Gower family
- Peers of the United Kingdom created by George III
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- Staffordshire Militia officers