Granular myringitis
| Granular myringitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | GM |
| Specialty | Otorhinolaryngology |
Granular myringitis is a long term condition in which there is inflammation of the tympanic membrane in the ear and formation of granulation tissue within the tympanic membrane.[1] It is a type of otitis externa.[2]
Without treatment it can lead to narrowing of the ear canal.[1] A number of treatment options exist including putting vinegar in the ear, using antibiotic drops, and surgery.[1]
Signs and symptoms
[edit]Clinically, patients experience aural fullness, intra-meatal itching, and malodorous otorrhea all at the same time. Although granular myringitis does not typically result in a hearing loss, it can cause complications like inflammatory infiltration of the deep canal, canal atresia or stenosis, and post-inflammatory medial canal fibrosis. It may be possible to see focal, segmental, diffuse, or polypoid red granulation tissue on a thicker tympanic membrane during an otoscopic examination. Mucopurulent discharge and involvement of the external auditory canal wall may also be present.[1]
Causes
[edit]It's not clear what caused it. It is acknowledged that one of the initial phases of granulation development is the loss of squamous epithelium on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane.[1] Affected ears frequently contain gram-negative organisms, particularly Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[3][4]
Treatment
[edit]The literature mentions three primary treatment modalities: debridement of granulomatous tissue, cauterization of granulations, and topical antibiotic with steroid drops.[1] But no single treatment has been shown to work in every situation.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Neilson, LJ; Hussain, SS (January 2008). "Management of granular myringitis: a systematic review". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 122 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1017/S0022215107008924. PMID 17592657.
- ^ Alper, Cuneyt M. (2004). Advanced Therapy of Otitis Media. PMPH-USA. p. 49. ISBN 9781550092011.
- ^ Jung, Hak Hyun; Cho, Sung Dong; Yoo, Chan Ki; Lim, Hyun Ho; Chae, Sung Won (2002). "Vinegar treatment in the management of granular myringitis". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 116 (3). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 176–180. doi:10.1258/0022215021910474. ISSN 0022-2151. PMID 11893257. S2CID 37497612.
- ^ Hwang, Juen-Haur; Chu, Chih-Kai; Liu, Tien-Chen (2002). "Changes in bacteriology of discharging ears". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 116 (9). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 686–689. doi:10.1258/002221502760237957. ISSN 0022-2151. PMID 12437801. S2CID 33134285.
- ^ Khalifa, M. C.; El Fouly, S.; Bassiouny, A.; Kamel, M. (1982). "Granular myringitis". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 96 (12). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 1099–1102. doi:10.1017/s0022215100093543. ISSN 0022-2151. PMID 7175347. S2CID 7884664.
Further reading
[edit]- Levi, Jessica R.; Ames, Julie A.; Gitman, Lyuba; Morlet, Thierry; O’Reilly, Robert C. (December 7, 2012). "Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Granular Myringitis". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 148 (2). Wiley: 291–296. doi:10.1177/0194599812470433. ISSN 0194-5998. PMID 23223518. S2CID 241007.
- Valiullah, K. K.; Pusalkar, A. G. (1993). "Granular Myringitis". Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 45 (3): 140–142. doi:10.1007/BF03054715. ISSN 0019-5421. S2CID 195215958.