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Governments of Imre Nagy

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Imre Nagy first became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic (Prime Minister of Hungary) on 4 July 1953 upon the resignation of Mátyás Rákosi, forming a government more moderate than that of his predecessor which attempted to reform the system.[1] However, Rákosi remained First Secretary of the ruling Hungarian Working People's Party, and he was ultimately able to use his influence to force Nagy out of office in April 1955.

After the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution on 23 October 1956, Nagy was reinstated as prime minister the next day as a result of intense popular demand. As the Revolution progressed his government made moves towards a multi-party system, admitting non-Communist politicians to power and reforming the ruling Hungarian Working People's Party into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party.[2] On 3 November Nagy formed a third government with a Communist minority including all the members of the post-war coalition parties: the Independent Smallholders' Party, the Social Democratic Party, and Petőfi Party.[3]

However, the very next day the Soviet Union launched a massive military invasion of Hungary, deposing Nagy and installing a new Communist government under János Kádár. Nagy and his cabinet were granted asylum in the Yugoslav Embassy in Budapest, where they refused to resign and recognize the new regime. Kádár would not arrive in Budapest until 7 November and his government would not be confirmed until 12 November, and a standoff ensued.[4] Nagy and his group were finally convinced to leave the Embassy on 22 November under a promise of safe conduct from Kádár, but they were promptly arrested upon leaving the building. Nagy would be executed after a show trial on the order of Kádár in June 1958, and would not be rehabilitated until the end of Communism in Hungary in 1989.

First government (1953–1955)

[edit]
First Cabinet of Imre Nagy

Cabinet of Hungary
1953–1955
Date formed4 July 1953 (1953-07-04)
Date dissolved18 April 1955 (1955-04-18)
People and organisations
Chairman of the Presidential CouncilIstván Dobi
First Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's PartyMátyás Rákosi
Chairman of the Council of MinistersImre Nagy
Deputy Chairmen of the Council of MinistersErnő Gerő
András Hegedüs
Antal Apró (–1953)
István Hidas (1954–)
No. of ministers29
Total no. of members37
Member party  Hungarian Working People's Party (as part of Patriotic People's Front)
Status in legislatureTotal control
298 / 298 (100%)
Opposition partyNone (one-party state)
History
Election1953
PredecessorRákosi
SuccessorHegedüs
Government of Hungary (4 July 1953 – 18 April 1955)
Position Person Party  Took office  Left office
Prime Minister Imre Nagy MDP 4 July 1953 18 April 1955
Deputy Prime Minister Ernő Gerő MDP
András Hegedüs MDP 4 July 1953 18 April 1955
Antal Apró MDP 4 July 1953 18 November 1953
István Hidas MDP 30 October 1954
Foreign Minister János Boldóczki MDP 4 July 1953
Interior Minister Ernő Gerő MDP 4 July 1953 6 July 1954
László Piros MDP 6 July 1954
Defense Minister István Bata MDP 4 July 1953
Justice Minister Ferenc Erdei None 4 July 1953 30 October 1954
Erik Molnár MDP 30 October 1954
Minister of State Farms György Pogácsás MDP 30 October 1954
Minister of Collection József Tisza MDP 6 July 1954
András Szobek MDP 6 July 1954
Minister of Trade József Bognár None 4 July 1953
Minister of Health Sándor Zsoldos MDP 1 February 1955
József Román MDP 19 February 1955 →  
Agriculture Minister András Hegedüs MDP 4 July 1953 30 October 1954
Ferenc Erdei None 30 October 1954
Finance Minister Károly Olt MDP
Culture Minister József Darvas None 4 July 1953
Education Minister Tibor Erdey-Grúz MDP 4 July 1953
Minister of Construction Lajos Szijártó MDP
Minister of Food Iván Altomáré MDP
Minister of Metallurgy and Machinery Mihály Zsofinyecz MDP 9 October 1954
János Csergő MDP 9 October 1954
Minister of Light Industry Árpád Kiss MDP 30 October 1954
Béla Szalai MDP 30 October 1954
Minister of Transport Lajos Bebrits MDP
Minister of Foreign Trade László Háy MDP 6 July 1954
Minister of Heavy Industry István Hidas MDP 9 October 1954
Minister of Coal Mining Sándor Czottner MDP 9 October 1954
Minister of Urban and Village Management János Szabó MDP 29 January 1954
Chemical and Energy Minister István Hidas MDP 9 October 1954 30 October 1954
Árpád Kiss MDP 30 October 1954
Director of the National Planning Office Béla Szalai MDP 30 October 1954
Andor Berei MDP 30 October 1954

Second government (24 October–3 November 1956)

[edit]
Second Cabinet of Imre Nagy

Cabinet of Hungary
1956
Date formed24 October 1956 (1956-10-24)
Date dissolved3 November 1956 (1956-11-03)
People and organisations
Chairman of the Presidential CouncilIstván Dobi
First Secretary of the MDP/MSZMPErnő Gerő (–25 Oct.)
János Kádár (25 Oct.–)
Chairman of the Council of MinistersImre Nagy
Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Minister of StateZoltán Tildy
Géza Losonczy
János Kádár
No. of ministers33
Total no. of members45
Member party  Hungarian Working People's Party
from 31 October:
  Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
from 27 October:
  Independent Smallholders' Party
Opposition party(extraparliamentary)
from 31 October:
  Social Democratic Party
  Petőfi Party
numerous reconstituted parties
History
Incoming formationOutbreak of the Hungarian Revolution
Outgoing formationGovernment reshuffle
PredecessorHegedüs
SuccessorI. Nagy III
Government of Hungary (24 October – 3 November 1956)
Position Person Party  Took office  Left office
Prime Minister Imre Nagy MDP/MSZMP 24 October 1956 3 November 1956
Deputy Prime Minister András Hegedüs MDP 24 October 1956 27 October 1956
Antal Apró MDP 3 November 1956
István Hidas MDP 27 October 1956
Ferenc Erdei None 3 November 1956
György Marosán MDP 27 October 1956
József Mekis MDP 27 October 1956
József Bognár None 27 October 1956 3 November 1956
Minister of State Zoltán Tildy FKGP 27 October 1956
Géza Losonczy MDP/MSZMP 30 October 1956
János Kádár MSZMP 30 October 1956
Foreign Minister Imre Horváth MDP/MSZMP 2 November 1956
Imre Nagy MSZMP 2 November 1956
Interior Minister László Piros MDP 27 October 1956
Ferenc Münnich MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956 3 November 1956
Defense Minister István Bata MDP 27 October 1956
Károly Janza MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956 3 November 1956
Justice Minister Erik Molnár MDP 3 November 1956
Minister of State Farms György Pogácsás MDP 27 October 1956
Miklós Ribiánszky MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956 3 November 1956
Minister of Collection András Szobek MDP/MSZMP 3 November 1956
Minister of Trade József Bognár None 3 November 1956
Agriculture Minister János Matolcsi MDP 27 October 1956
Béla Kovács FKGP 27 October 1956
Finance Minister István Kossa MDP/MSZMP 3 November 1956
Minister of Internal Trade János Tausz MDP/MSZMP 3 November 1956  
Minister of Health József Román MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956
Antal Babics MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956 3 November 1956  
Culture Minister József Darvas None 27 October 1956
György Lukács MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956 3 November 1956
Education Minister Albert Kónya MDP 3 November 1956
Minister of Construction Lajos Szijártó MDP 27 October 1956
Minister of Food Rezső Nyers MDP/MSZMP 3 November 1956
Minister of Metallurgy and Machinery János Csergő MDP 3 November 1956
Minister of Light Industry Jolán Sarka MDP 3 November 1956
Minister of Transport Lajos Bebrits MDP 29 October 1956
György Csánadi MDP/MSZMP 29 October 1956 3 November 1956
Minister of Foreign Trade József Bognár None 3 November 1956
Minister of Mines and Energy Sándor Czottner MDP 31 October 1956
Minister of Urban and Village Management János Szabó MDP 27 October 1956
Ferenc Nezvál MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956 3 November 1956  
Chemical and Energy Minister Gergely Szabó MDP/MSZMP 3 November 1956  
Director of the National Planning Office Andor Berei MDP 27 October 1956 
Árpád Kiss MDP/MSZMP 27 October 1956 3 November 1956    

Third government (3–4/12 November 1956)

[edit]
Third Cabinet of Imre Nagy

Cabinet of Hungary
1956
Date formed3 November 1956 (1956-11-03)
Date dissolved4 November 1956 (1956-11-04) (de facto)
12 November 1956 (1956-11-12) (de jure)
at refuge until 22 November 1956
People and organisations
Chairman of the Presidential CouncilIstván Dobi
Chairman of the Council of MinistersImre Nagy
No. of ministers12
Member party  Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
  Independent Smallholders' Party
  Social Democratic Party
  Petőfi Party
Opposition partyNumerous reconstituted parties
History
Incoming formationGovernment reshuffle
Outgoing formationSoviet invasion
PredecessorI. Nagy II
SuccessorKádár I
Government of Hungary (3 November 1956 – 4/12 November 1956)
Position Person Party
Prime Minister Imre Nagy MSZMP
Foreign Minister
Defense Minister Pál Maléter MSZMP
Minister of State Zoltán Tildy FKGP
Béla Kovács FKGP
István B. Szabó FKGP
Anna Kéthly MSZDP
Gyula Kelemen MSZDP
József Fischer MSZDP
István Bibó PP
Ferenc Farkas PP
Géza Losonczy MSZMP
János Kádár MSZMP

References

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  1. ^ “Crisis and a Search for Solutions.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 1. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [1].
  2. ^ “Revolution and Struggle for Liberation.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 2. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [2].
  3. ^ “The Days of Freedom.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 3. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [3].
  4. ^ “Occupation and Resistance.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 4. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [4].