Government Junta of Bolivia (1861)
The Government Junta of Bolivia (Spanish: Junta de Gobierno), officially known as the Governmental Junta of the Republic (Spanish: Junta Gubernativa de la República),[1] or also as the Governmental Junta Charged with Supreme Command of the Nation (Spanish: Junta Gubernativa Encargada del Mando Supremo de la Nación),[2] was a civil-military junta which ruled Bolivia from 14 January to 4 May 1861. It was chaired by a triumvirate of three men; two Bolivians and one Argentine: José María de Achá, Manuel Antonio Sánchez, and Ruperto Fernández, all of whom came to power after a coup d'état which ousted the government of José María Linares, the very president they had previously served under. The junta was dissolved on 4 May 1861 when the National Constituent Assembly elected Achá as the provisional president.[3]
History
[edit]1861 coup d'état
[edit]On 14 January 1861, Ruperto Fernández and José María de Achá, ministers of state in the government and war portfolios, joined by Prefect of La Paz Manuel Antonio Sánchez, rebelled against the president they had been serving under, launching a coup d'état which ousted José María Linares. In their manifesto to the nation, the newly formed junta justified its actions as a "regenerative revolution" against the dictatorship President Linares had imposed in 1858.[4]
National Constituent Assembly
[edit]Immediately on 15 January 1861, the junta released the call for the convocation of a constituent assembly.[5] The legislature was tasked with drafting a new constitution, the seventh such charter in Bolivian history, and was to elect a provisional president from among the triumvirs.[4] Legislative elections were carried out in what was considered to be a generally democratic manner, resulting in the establishment of a multi-party assembly with members "from all walks of life". Upon its installation at the Loreto chapel on 1 May, the junta officially ceased its executive functions and transferred them to the assembly, chaired by Adolfo Ballivián. The same day, the assembly redelegated command to the junta until it could finish deliberating on who would lead the provisional government.[6][7]
Considering that Sánchez had died in April,[8] the assembly was given the choice between Achá and Fernández. The fact that Fernández was of Argentine origin was a factor taken into account and the assembly opted to declare him Bolivian by birth.[9] Nonetheless, on 4 May, the assembly elected Achá provisional president by a vote of 860–16.[6]
Composition
[edit]Cabinet of the Governmental Junta Junta-Achá Cabinet | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} 25th Cabinet of the Bolivian Republic | |
| 1861 | |
| Date formed | 21 January 1861 |
| Date dissolved | 4 May 1861 (3 months, 1 week and 6 days) |
| People and organisations | |
| Chairman | José María de Achá Ruperto Fernández Manuel Antonio Sánchez[a] |
| No. of ministers | 5 |
| History | |
| Election | 1861 legislative |
| Legislature term | 1861–1862 Constituent National Assembly |
| Predecessor | Cabinet of José María Linares |
| Successor | Cabinet of José María de Achá |
| Portfolio | Minister | Party | Prof. | Took office | Left office | Term | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government Junta of the Republic |
José María de Achá | Mil. | Mil. | 14 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | 110 | [1] | |
| Ruperto Fernández | Ind. | Law. | 14 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | 110 | [1][b] | ||
| Manuel Antonio Sánchez | Mil. | Mil. | 14 January 1861 | 9 April 1861 | 85 | [1][a] | ||
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Ricardo José Bustamante | Ind. | Wri. | 21 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | 103 | [2][10] | |
| Minister of Government and Justice |
Manuel Morris | Ind. | Law. | 21 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | 103 | [2] | |
| Minister of War | Pedro Cueto | Mil. | Mil. | 21 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | 103 | [2] | |
| Minister of Finance | Juan José Ibargüen | Ind. | – | 21 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | 103 | [2] | |
| Minister of Public Instruction and Worship |
Jacinto Villamil | Ind. | Law. | 21 January 1861 | 4 May 1861 | 103 | [2] | |
Structural changes
[edit]| Portfolio | Part of | Transferred to | Date | Decree |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Development | Ministry of Development | None | 21 January 1861 | Supreme Decree 21-01-1861 |
| Foreign Affairs | Ministry of Finance | Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Decreto Supremo de 14 de enero de 1861". Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (in Spanish). 14 January 1861. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Decreto Supremo de 21 de enero de 1861". Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (in Spanish). 21 January 1861. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ Mesa Gisbert 2003, p. 270
- ^ a b Irurozqui 2009, p. 134
- ^ "Decreto Supremo de 15 de enero de 1861". Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (in Spanish). 15 January 1861. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ a b Irurozqui 2009, p. 135
- ^ "Ley de 4 de mayo de 1861". Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (in Spanish). 4 May 1861. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ a b Mesa Gisbert 2003, pp. 256–257
- ^ Moreno 1886, p. 334
- ^ "Ricardo José Bustamante | Literato, Escritor y Diplomático". rree.gob.bo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
Bibliography
[edit]- Irurozqui, Marta (2009). "Muerte en El Loreto. Ciudadanía armada y violencia política en Bolivia (1861–1862)". Revista de Indias (in Spanish). 69 (246): 129–158. doi:10.3989/revindias.2009.015. hdl:10261/15807.
- Mesa Gisbert, Carlos D. (2003). Presidentes de Bolivia: Entre Urnas y Fusiles (in Spanish) (3rd ed.). La Paz: Editorial Gisbert.
- Moreno, Gabriel René (1886). Anales de la prensa boliviana: Matanzas de Yáñez, 1861–1862 (in Spanish). Imprenta Cervantes.
Cabinet of the Governmental Junta of the Republic (1861) | ||
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| Minister of Foreign Affairs |
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| Minister of Government |
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| Minister of War |
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| Minister of Finance |
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| Minister of Instruction |
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